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Van den Bulcke L, Davidoff H, Heremans E, Potts Y, Vansteelandt K, De Vos M, Christiaens D, Emsell L, Jacobson LH, Hoyer D, Buyse B, Vandenbulcke M, Testelmans D, Van Den Bossche M. Acoustic Stimulation to Improve Slow-Wave Sleep in Alzheimer's Disease: A Multiple Night At-Home Intervention. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024:S1064-7481(24)00384-1. [PMID: 39048400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of closed-loop acoustic stimulation (CLAS) during slow-wave sleep (SWS) to enhance slow-wave activity (SWA) and SWS in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) across multiple nights and to explore associations between stimulation, participant characteristics, and individuals' SWS response. DESIGN A 2-week, open-label at-home intervention study utilizing the DREEM2 headband to record sleep data and administer CLAS during SWS. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Fifteen older patients with AD (6 women, mean age: 76.27 [SD = 6.06], mean MOCA-score: 16.07 [SD = 6.94]), living at home with their partner, completed the trial. INTERVENTION Patients first wore the device for two baseline nights, followed by 14 nights during which the device was programmed to randomly either deliver acoustic stimulations of 50 ms pink noise (± 40 dB) targeted to the slow-wave up-phase during SWS or only mark the wave (sham). RESULTS On a group level, stimulation significantly enhanced SWA and SWS with consistent SWS enhancement throughout the intervention. However, substantial variability existed in individual responses to stimulation. Individuals received more stimulations on nights with increased SWS compared to baseline than on nights with no change or a decrease. In individuals, having lower baseline SWS correlated with receiving fewer stimulations on average during the intervention. CONCLUSION CLAS during SWS is a promising nonpharmacological method to enhance SWA and SWS in AD. However, patients with lower baseline SWS received fewer stimulations during the intervention, possibly resulting in less SWS enhancement. Individual variability in response to stimulation underscores the need to address personalized stimulation parameters in future research and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Van den Bulcke
- Geriatric Psychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Neuropsychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Hannah Davidoff
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) (HD, EH, MDV, DC), KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium; CSH (Circuits and Systems for Health) - imec (HD), Heverlee 3001, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heremans
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) (HD, EH, MDV, DC), KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
| | - Yasmin Potts
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (YP, LHJ, DH), Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristof Vansteelandt
- Geriatric Psychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Neuropsychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Vos
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) (HD, EH, MDV, DC), KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration (MDV), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Daan Christiaens
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) (HD, EH, MDV, DC), KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium; Translational MRI (LE), Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Louise Emsell
- Geriatric Psychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Neuropsychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Translational MRI (LE), Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (YP, LHJ, DH), Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology (LHJ, DH), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniël Hoyer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (YP, LHJ, DH), Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology (LHJ, DH), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.; Department of Molecular Medicine (DH), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bertien Buyse
- Department of Pneumology (BB, DT), Leuven University Center for Sleep and Wake disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE) (BB, DT), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Geriatric Psychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Neuropsychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Dries Testelmans
- Department of Pneumology (BB, DT), Leuven University Center for Sleep and Wake disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE) (BB, DT), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Den Bossche
- Geriatric Psychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Neuropsychiatry (LVDB, KV, LE, MV, MVDB), Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Kafashan M, Gupte G, Kang P, Hyche O, Luong AH, Prateek GV, Ju YES, Palanca BJA. A personalized semi-automatic sleep spindle detection (PSASD) framework. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 407:110064. [PMID: 38301832 PMCID: PMC11219251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep spindles are distinct electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns of brain activity that have been posited to play a critical role in development, learning, and neurological disorders. Manual scoring for sleep spindles is labor-intensive and tedious but could supplement automated algorithms to resolve challenges posed with either approaches alone. NEW METHODS A Personalized Semi-Automatic Sleep Spindle Detection (PSASD) framework was developed to combine the strength of automated detection algorithms and visual expertise of human scorers. The underlying model in the PSASD framework assumes a generative model for EEG sleep spindles as oscillatory components, optimized to EEG amplitude, with remaining signals distributed into transient and low-frequency components. RESULTS A single graphical user interface (GUI) allows both manual scoring of sleep spindles (model training data) and verification of automatically detected spindles. A grid search approach allows optimization of parameters to balance tradeoffs between precision and recall measures. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS PSASD outperformed DETOKS in F1-score by 19% and 4% on the DREAMS and P-DROWS-E datasets, respectively. It also outperformed YASA in F1-score by 25% in the P-DROWS-E dataset. Further benchmarking analysis showed that PSASD outperformed four additional widely used sleep spindle detectors in F1-score in the P-DROWS-E dataset. Titration analysis revealed that four 30-second epochs are sufficient to fine-tune the model parameters of PSASD. Associations of frequency, duration, and amplitude of detected sleep spindles matched those previously reported with automated approaches. CONCLUSIONS Overall, PSASD improves detection of sleep spindles in EEG data acquired from both younger healthy and older adult patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- MohammadMehdi Kafashan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Gaurang Gupte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Orlandrea Hyche
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anhthi H Luong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G V Prateek
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yo-El S Ju
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ben Julian A Palanca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mayer G, Frohnhofen H, Jokisch M, Hermann DM, Gronewold J. Associations of sleep disorders with all-cause MCI/dementia and different types of dementia - clinical evidence, potential pathomechanisms and treatment options: A narrative review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1372326. [PMID: 38586191 PMCID: PMC10995403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1372326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to worldwide demographic change, the number of older persons in the population is increasing. Aging is accompanied by changes of sleep structure, deposition of beta-amyloid (Aß) and tau proteins and vascular changes and can turn into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as dementia. Sleep disorders are discussed both as a risk factor for and as a consequence of MCI/dementia. Cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based as well as case-control studies revealed sleep disorders, especially sleep-disorderded breathing (SDB) and excessive or insufficient sleep durations, as risk factors for all-cause MCI/dementia. Regarding different dementia types, SDB was especially associated with vascular dementia while insomnia/insufficient sleep was related to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Scarce and still inconsistent evidence suggests that therapy of sleep disorders, especially continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in SDB, can improve cognition in patients with sleep disorders with and without comorbid dementia and delay onset of MCI/dementia in patients with sleep disorders without previous cognitive impairment. Regarding potential pathomechanisms via which sleep disorders lead to MCI/dementia, disturbed sleep, chronic sleep deficit and SDB can impair glymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid (Aß) and tau which lead to amyloid deposition and tau aggregation resulting in changes of brain structures responsible for cognition. Orexins are discussed to modulate sleep and Aß pathology. Their diurnal fluctuation is suppressed by sleep fragmentation and the expression suppressed at the point of hippocampal atrophy, contributing to the progression of dementia. Additionally, sleep disorders can lead to an increased vascular risk profile and vascular changes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis which can foster neurodegenerative pathology. There is ample evidence indicating that changes of sleep structure in aging persons can lead to dementia and also evidence that therapy of sleep disorder can improve cognition. Therefore, sleep disorders should be identified and treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Mayer
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Frohnhofen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics, Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Martha Jokisch
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janine Gronewold
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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