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Shan L, Balesar R, Swaab DF, Lammers GJ, Fronczek R. Reduced numbers of corticotropin‐releasing hormone neurons in narcolepsy type 1. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:282-288. [PMID: 34981555 PMCID: PMC9306683 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic sleep disorder correlated with loss of hypocretin(orexin). In NT1 post‐mortem brains, we observed 88% reduction in corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH)‐positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and significantly less CRH‐positive fibers in the median eminence, whereas CRH‐neurons in the locus coeruleus and thalamus, and other PVN neuronal populations were spared: that is, vasopressin, oxytocin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and thyrotropin releasing hormone‐expressing neurons. Other hypothalamic cell groups, that is, the suprachiasmatic, ventrolateral preoptic, infundibular, and supraoptic nuclei and nucleus basalis of Meynert, were unaffected. The surprising selective decrease in CRH‐neurons provide novel targets for diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:282–288
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology Leiden The Netherlands
- Sleep Wake Centre SEIN Heemstede The Netherlands
| | - Rawien Balesar
- Department Neuropsychiatric Disorders Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dick F. Swaab
- Department Neuropsychiatric Disorders Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Lammers
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology Leiden The Netherlands
- Sleep Wake Centre SEIN Heemstede The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Fronczek
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology Leiden The Netherlands
- Sleep Wake Centre SEIN Heemstede The Netherlands
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Cservenák M, Kis V, Keller D, Dimén D, Menyhárt L, Oláh S, Szabó ÉR, Barna J, Renner É, Usdin TB, Dobolyi A. Maternally involved galanin neurons in the preoptic area of the rat. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:781-798. [PMID: 27300187 PMCID: PMC5156581 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent selective stimulation and ablation of galanin neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus established their critical role in control of maternal behaviors. Here, we identified a group of galanin neurons in the anterior commissural nucleus (ACN), and a distinct group in the medial preoptic area (MPA). Galanin neurons in ACN but not the MPA co-expressed oxytocin. We used immunodetection of phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5), involved in prolactin receptor signal transduction, to evaluate the effects of suckling-induced prolactin release and found that 76 % of galanin cells in ACN, but only 12 % in MPA were prolactin responsive. Nerve terminals containing tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (TIP39), a neuropeptide that mediates effects of suckling on maternal motivation, were abundant around galanin neurons in both preoptic regions. In the ACN and MPA, 89 and 82 % of galanin neurons received close somatic appositions, with an average of 2.9 and 2.6 per cell, respectively. We observed perisomatic innervation of galanin neurons using correlated light and electron microscopy. The connection was excitatory based on the glutamate content of TIP39 terminals demonstrated by post-embedding immunogold electron microscopy. Injection of the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine into the TIP39-expressing posterior intralaminar complex of the thalamus (PIL) demonstrated that preoptic TIP39 fibers originate in the PIL, which is activated by suckling. Thus, galanin neurons in the preoptic area of mother rats are innervated by an excitatory neuronal pathway that conveys suckling-related information. In turn, they can be topographically and neurochemically divided into two distinct cell groups, of which only one is affected by prolactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Cservenák
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Kis
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Keller
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Dimén
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Menyhárt
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Oláh
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva R Szabó
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Barna
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE NAP Human Brain Tissue Bank Microdissection Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ted B Usdin
- Section on Fundamental Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Arpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
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