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McLaughlin JE, Morbitzer KA, Hahn F, Minshew L, Brouwer KLR. Qualitative evaluation of postdoctoral trainee and faculty advisor experiences within a research-intensive school of pharmacy. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:691. [PMID: 36153521 PMCID: PMC9509594 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postdoctoral trainees play a vital role in securing grant funding, building alliances, and mentoring graduate students under the guidance of a mentor who can help develop their intellectual independence. However, the experiences of postdoctoral trainees, particularly within health professions schools, is largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of postdoctoral trainees and faculty advisors at a public four-year school of pharmacy and identify areas of opportunity to improve postdoctoral training. METHODS Focus groups and interviews were conducted to elicit participants' experiences, perceptions, and suggestions for improvement. Stakeholder groups included postdoctoral trainees and faculty who serve as postdoctoral advisors. Thematic coding was used to identify semantic themes, and summaries of participant perceptions were generated. Results were mapped to the identity-trajectory framework. RESULTS Participants described various experiences related to intellectual growth, networking opportunities, and institutional support. In addition, participant agency was critical for developing career goals and navigating transitions. COVID-19 introduced unique challenges associated with transitioning to remote work and managing goals/motivation. Areas of opportunity were identified, such as improving infrastructure, enhancing mentoring, and enhancing communication. CONCLUSION Postdoctoral trainees play a critical role in the success of academic institutions. Scholarly endeavors that explore postdoctoral experiences, specifically those utilizing qualitative methods, can help pharmacy education better understand and meet the needs of postdoctoral trainees and faculty advisors. This study provides insight into the experiences of postdoctoral scholars and provides evidence for improving these training programs in schools of pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- JE McLaughlin
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Center for Innovative Pharmacy Education and Research, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - KA Morbitzer
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Center for Innovative Pharmacy Education and Research, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - F Hahn
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - L Minshew
- Department of Clinical Sciences, MCW Pharmacy School, Human-Centered Design Lab, Robert and Patricia Kern Institute for the Transformation of Medical Education, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - KLR Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Patel I, Guy JW, Han Y, Paraoan J, Marsh W, Johnson MS. Pharmacy student awareness, aspiration, and preparation for post graduate education (PGE) fellowship in US: A cross-sectional study. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2018; 10:1055-1061. [PMID: 30314541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fellowship opportunities are seen by pharmacy students and graduates as an option to assist in furthering pharmacy knowledge in a specific field or area of interest. Pharmaceutical industry fellowships are the most common pharmacy fellowship available to students. There has been little research on what motivates students to pursue a fellowship and what student characteristics may help predict interest in a fellowship. METHODS A survey was distributed to P1, P2, and P3 students. The survey took 10-15 min to complete and contained 28 questions. The difference in students' characteristics between fellowship interested students and non-fellowship interested students were examined using chi-square tests and t-tests for categorical variables and continuous variables, respectively. Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of pursuing a fellowship. RESULTS Age, work experience, and attendance during a fellowship roundtable were all found to be statistically significant predictors of pursuit of a fellowship. Financial obligations, family obligations, and feeling unprepared were the most common reasons for not pursuing a fellowship. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Students earlier in the curriculum were more likely to express interest in pursuing a fellowship. Overall, students felt ill-prepared for the fellowship application process. In addition, fellowship roundtables may be useful for pharmacy programs to help students in their pursuit of fellowships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Administration and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy (MUSOP), One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
| | - Jason W Guy
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States.
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Jett Paraoan
- CVS Pharmacy, 306 West Atlantic Avenue, Emporia, VA 23847, United States.
| | - Wallace Marsh
- The University of New England College of Pharmacy, Portland, ME 04103, United States.
| | - Mark S Johnson
- Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, 1775 N. Sector Court, Winchester, VA 22601, United States.
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Hagan AM, Campbell HE, Gaither CA. The Racial and Ethnic Representation of Faculty in US Pharmacy Schools and Colleges. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016; 80:108. [PMID: 27667845 PMCID: PMC5023979 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe806108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To describe the representation of racial and ethnic minorities among faculty members (faculty) in schools and colleges of pharmacy (COP) compared to US Census Bureau data; to evaluate the representation of racial and ethnic minorities in historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), newer doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs, and PharmD programs with a religious affiliation compared with all pharmacy programs; and to compare racial and ethnic pharmacy faculty data to trends in medical and dental schools, and all higher education. Methods. Information was obtained from national databases and published reports; data was comparatively evaluated. Results. Compared to the general population, Asians are overrepresented in pharmacy, while all other minority groups are underrepresented. The HBCUs, newer schools, and religious-affiliated institutions have greater numbers of African American/Black faculty. Newer schools also have better representation of Hispanic faculty. Pharmacy has been more successful than medicine and dentistry in recruiting African American/Black faculty, but lag behind dental schools in their representation of Hispanic faculty. Conclusion. To meet the health care needs of the population, we recommend the implementation of short-term and long-term diversity and inclusion strategies that address minority representation in COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Hagan
- Belmont University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tennessee
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Assemi M, Hudmon KS, Sowinski KM, Corelli RL. Educational Background and Academic Rank of Faculty Members within US Schools of Pharmacy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016; 80:61. [PMID: 27293228 PMCID: PMC4891859 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe80461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To characterize the educational background and academic rank of faculty members in US schools of pharmacy, estimate the extent to which they are employed by institutions where they received previous training, and determine whether differences in degree origin and rank exist between faculty members in established (≤1995) vs newer programs. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) faculty database and demographic information from the public domain. Results. Among 5516 faculty members, 50.3% held two or more types of degrees. Established schools had a higher median number of faculty members and a higher mean faculty rank than did newer schools. Conclusion. The difference in mean faculty rank highlights the shortage of experienced faculty members in newer schools. Future research efforts should investigate educational attainment in correlation to other faculty and school characteristics and prospectively track and report trends related to pharmacy faculty members composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Assemi
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy
| | - Karen Suchanek Hudmon
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Harirforoosh S, Stewart DW. A descriptive investigation of the impact of student research projects arising from elective research courses. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:48. [PMID: 26817849 PMCID: PMC4730753 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacy academicians have noted the need to develop research skills in student pharmacists. At the Gatton College of Pharmacy, significant focus has been placed on the development of research skills through offering elective research courses. In order to evaluate the impact of participation in the research elective(s), we analyzed college records and surveyed faculty members with regard to the number of poster/podium presentations, published peer-reviewed manuscripts, and funded projects. Results Student enrollment in the research elective sequence has increased over time and has resulted in 81 poster presentations, 14 podium presentations, and 15 peer-reviewed publications. Conclusions Implementation of a research elective sequence and fostering of a research culture amongst the faculty and students has resulted in increased student engagement in research and related scholarly activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Harirforoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Box 70594, Johnson City, TN, 37614-1708, USA.
| | - David W Stewart
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
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L'Hommedieu T, DeCoske M, El Lababidi R, Ladell N. Utilizing pharmacy students in transitions-of-care services. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2015. [PMID: 26195650 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp140561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Awaisu A, Kheir N, Alrowashdeh HA, Allouch SN, Jebara T, Zaidan M, Mohamed Ibrahim MI. Impact of a pharmacy practice research capacity-building programme on improving the research abilities of pharmacists at two specialised tertiary care hospitals in Qatar: a preliminary study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jphs.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - Nadir Kheir
- College of Pharmacy; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Manal Zaidan
- Pharmacy Department; National Centre for Cancer Care and Research; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
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Building hospital pharmacy practice research capacity in Qatar: a cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists. Int J Clin Pharm 2015; 37:511-21. [PMID: 25733065 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-015-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to systematically develop research capacity within pharmacy practice. Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) is the principal non-profit health care provider in Qatar. Traditionally, pharmacists in Qatar have limited training related to research and lack direct experience of research processes. OBJECTIVES To determine the interests, experience and confidence of hospital pharmacists employed by HMC, Qatar in relation to research, attitudes towards research, and facilitators and barriers. SETTING Hospital pharmacy, Qatar. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of all pharmacists (n = 401). Responses were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and principal component analysis (PCA). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Interests, experience and confidence in research; attitudes towards research; and facilitators and barriers to participation in research. RESULTS The response rate was 53.1 % (n = 213). High levels of interest were expressed for all aspects of research, with respondents less experienced and less confident. Summary scores for items of interest were significantly higher than experience and confidence (p < 0.001). PCA identified four components: general attitudes towards research; confidence, motivation and resources; research culture; and support. While respondents were generally positive in response to all items, they were less sure of resources to conduct research, access to training and statistical support. They were also generally unsure of many aspects relating to research culture. Half (50.7 %, n = 108) had either never thought about being involved in research or taken no action. In multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, the significant factors were possessing postgraduate qualifications [odds ratio (OR) 3.48 (95 % CI 1.73-6.99), p < 0.001] and having more positive general attitudes to research [OR 3.24 (95 % CI 1.62-4.67), p = 0.001]. Almost all (89.7 %, n = 172) expressed interest in being involved in research training. CONCLUSION HMC pharmacists expressed significantly higher levels of interest in research compared to experience and confidence. While general attitudes towards research were positive, there were some barriers relating to support (e.g. administration) and research culture. Positive attitudes towards research and possessing postgraduate qualifications were significant in relation to readiness to participate in research and research training. Findings are of key relevance when considering the aims of research capacity building of encouraging research, improving skills and identifying skills gaps.
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Awaisu A, Alsalimy N. Pharmacists' involvement in and attitudes toward pharmacy practice research: A systematic review of the literature. Res Social Adm Pharm 2014; 11:725-48. [PMID: 25698363 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of pharmacists in health care has evolved toward patient-centered care. Pharmacy practice-based research is essential to the advancement of practice; however, literature addressing attitudes and involvement of pharmacists in practice research indicates reluctance among them. An account of studies undertaken thus far is warranted. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to summarize and evaluate the views and attitudes of pharmacists regarding their involvement in pharmacy practice research as well as the barriers and enablers to such research. METHODS A systematic review of original studies published mainly in MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify published studies that report pharmacists' attitudes and involvement in research as well as perceived facilitators and barriers. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers using a standardized data abstraction tool. RESULTS Fifteen studies utilizing questionnaire-based surveys, focus groups or interviews were identified and included in the review. The majority of studies (10 of 15) involved community pharmacists, while only 6 involved hospital pharmacists. Studies were mostly conducted in the UK (5 of 15), followed by Australia and Canada (3 of 15 each). Early studies focused on pharmacists' attitudes on practice-based research, but most recently there was attention on practice-based research networks (PBRNs). Pharmacists' awareness, interest and willingness to participate in practice research, their actual involvement in research projects, and positive attitude toward research have increased over time. Pharmacists generally believed that practice-based research was needed for professional development of pharmacy and agreed with the importance of research to support evidence-based practice and to improve the quality of patient care and outcomes. The most commonly reported barriers to participation in research across the reviewed studies were: lack of time and workload; insufficient or lack of funds; and lack of research knowledge, training, mentorship and support. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacists recognize the value of research in advancing pharmacy practice and indicate their willingness to be involved in independent research and in PBRNs. Lack of time, training and support were identified as the greatest limitations to participation in practice research. These findings have important implications on promoting research capacity building through the development of PBRNs involving academic and pharmacy practitioners as well as informal research training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Noor Alsalimy
- Geriatrics Medicine, Rumailah Hospital, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Awaisu A, Bakdach D, Elajez RH, Zaidan M. Hospital pharmacists' self-evaluation of their competence and confidence in conducting pharmacy practice research. Saudi Pharm J 2014; 23:257-65. [PMID: 26106274 PMCID: PMC4475816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Research is essential to the advancement of pharmacy practice and healthcare. Pharmacists have a pivotal role to play in this strategy. However, there is a paucity of data about hospital pharmacists’ competence and ability in conducting health-related research. This study primarily aims to determine the research demographics of hospital pharmacists in Qatar and to assess the pharmacists’ perceptions of their competence and confidence to conduct research. Methods: A multi-centered survey using a 70-item piloted questionnaire was conducted among a randomly selected sample of pharmacists practicing at seven Hamad Medical Corporation-managed hospitals. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were applied using IBM-SPSS® version 20. Key findings: A total of 120 participants responded to the survey (67% response rate). About 70% of the participants did not have any previous research experience. At least 20% of the respondents self-reported inadequate competence and/or confidence in developing research protocols, critically appraising the literature, undertaking and applying appropriate statistical techniques, and interpreting research findings. The level of education along with the current hospital of practice had significant effects on pharmacists’ self-assessed competence (p < 0.05). Overall, 85% of the participants were interested in pursuing postgraduate studies or research-related training. Conclusions: A large proportion of hospital pharmacists in Qatar self-assessed themselves as having deficiencies in several domains of research process or competencies, although they recognized the value of research in advancing pharmacy practice. These findings have important implications for developing informal research training programs and promoting the pursuit of formal postgraduate programs to bridge the knowledge gaps found among hospital-practicing pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dana Bakdach
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Manal Zaidan
- National Centre for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Shepler BM. Cost savings associated with pharmacy student interventions during APPEs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2014; 78:71. [PMID: 24850933 PMCID: PMC4028580 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe78471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the impact of pharmacy students' clinical interventions in terms of number and cost savings throughout advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) using a Web-based documentation program. METHODS Five hundred eighty doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students completing ten 4-week APPEs during the final year of the curriculum were asked to document all clinical interventions they made using a Web-based documentation tool. Data were collected over 4 academic years. RESULTS The total number of interventions made was 59,613, the total dollars saved was $8,583,681, and the average savings per intervention was $148. The top 3 categories of interventions made by students were identifying dosing issues, conducting chart reviews, and recommending appropriate therapy. The top 3 intervention types made by students that resulted in the most dollars saved per intervention were identifying potential allergic reactions, identifying drug interactions, and resolving contraindications. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacy students made important and cost-effective clinical interventions during their APPEs that resulted in significant savings. Documentation programs can track the number, type, and value of the interventions that pharmacy students are making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Shepler
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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12
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Ragucci KR, O'Bryant CL, Campbell KB, Buck ML, Dager WE, Donovan JL, Emerson K, Gubbins PO, Haight RJ, Jackevicius C, Murphy JE, Prohaska E. The need for PGY2-trained clinical pharmacy specialists. Pharmacotherapy 2014; 34:e65-73. [PMID: 24752824 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The American College of Clinical Pharmacy and other stakeholder organizations seek to advance clinical pharmacist practitioners, educators, and researchers. Unfortunately, there remains an inadequate supply of residency-trained clinical specialists to meet the needs of our health care system, and nonspecialists often are called on to fill open specialist positions. The impact of clinical pharmacy specialists on pharmacotherapy outcomes in both acute care and primary care settings demonstrates the value of these specialists. This commentary articulates the need for postgraduate year two (PGY2)-trained clinical specialists within the health care system by discussing various clinical and policy rationales, interprofessional support, economic justifications, and their impact on quality of care and drug safety. The integrated practice model that has grown out of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative (PPMI) could threaten the growth and development of future clinical specialists. Therefore, the ways in which PGY2-trained clinical pharmacist specialists are deployed in the PPMI require further consideration. PGY2 residencies provide education and training opportunities that cannot be achieved in traditional professional degree programs or postgraduate year one residencies. These specialists are needed to provide direct patient care to complex patient populations and to educate and train pharmacy students and postgraduate residents. Limitations to training and hiring PGY2-trained clinical pharmacy specialists include site capacity limitations and lack of funding. A gap analysis is needed to define the extent of the mismatch between the demand for specialists by health care systems and educational institutions versus the capacity to train clinical pharmacists at the specialty level.
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Truong JT, Barnett MJ, Tang TTL, Ip EJ, Teeters JL, Knapp KK. Factors impacting self-perceived readiness for residency training: results of a national survey of postgraduate year 1 residents. J Pharm Pract 2014; 28:112-8. [PMID: 24674909 DOI: 10.1177/0897190014527318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the factors impacting postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residents' self-perceived readiness for residency. METHODS A total of 1801 residents who matched in American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)-accredited PGY1 programs were e-mailed individualized invitations to take an online survey. The survey collected self-ratings of readiness for residency training competencies including time management and organization, foundational knowledge, clinical practice, project management, and communication. KEY FINDINGS Data from 556 completed surveys were analyzed. Residents agreed they were ready to perform activities requiring time management and organization (median = 4, mean = 4.08), foundational knowledge (median = 4, mean = 3.83), clinical practice (median = 4, mean = 3.67), and communication (median = 4, mean = 4.05). Residents who completed at least 1 academic advance pharmacy practice experience (APPE), 5 clinical APPEs, or held a bachelors degree felt more confident than their counterparts in regard to project management (P < .001, <.001, and .01, respectively). CONCLUSION PGY1 residents generally felt prepared for time management and organization, foundational knowledge, and communication residency training competencies. This was significant for those who completed 1 or more academic APPEs, 5 or more clinical rotations, or a bachelors degree. Study results may assist pharmacy schools in preparing students for residency training, prospective resident applicants in becoming more competitive candidates for residency programs, and residency program directors in resident selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie T Truong
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute School of Pharmacy, Claremont, CA, USA
| | | | - Terrill T-L Tang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Ip
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Janet L Teeters
- Department of Accreditation Services, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine K Knapp
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Administrative Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, USA
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Parker RB, Ellingrod V, DiPiro JT, Bauman JL, Blouin RA, Welage LS. Preparing clinical pharmacy scientists for careers in clinical/translational research: can we meet the challenge?: ACCP Research Affairs Committee Commentary. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 33:e337-46. [PMID: 24114730 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Developing clinical pharmacists' research skills and their ability to compete for extramural funding is an important component of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy's (ACCP) vision for pharmacists to play a prominent role in generating the new knowledge used to guide patient pharmacotherapy. Given the recent emphasis on clinical/translational research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the key role of drug therapy in the management of many diseases, there is an unprecedented opportunity for the profession to contribute to this enterprise. A crucial question facing the profession is whether we can generate enough appropriately trained scientists to take advantage of these opportunities to generate the new knowledge to advance drug therapy. Since the 2009 publication of the ACCP Research Affairs Committee editorial recommending the Ph.D. degree (as opposed to fellowship training) as the optimal method for preparing pharmacists as clinical/translational scientists, significant changes have occurred in the economic, professional, political, and research environments. As a result, the 2012 ACCP Research Affairs Committee was charged with reexamining the college's position on training clinical pharmacy scientists in the context of these substantial environmental changes. In this commentary, the potential impact of these changes on opportunities for pharmacists in clinical/translational research are discussed as are strategies for ACCP, colleges of pharmacy, and the profession to increase the number and impact of clinical pharmacy scientists. Failure of our profession to take advantage of these opportunities risks our ability to contribute substantively to the biomedical research enterprise and ultimately improve the pharmacotherapy of our patients.
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Maine LL, Vlasses PH. Assessing quality in pharmacy education in an era of rapid expansion. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2012; 52:528-34. [PMID: 22797679 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2012.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe measures used to evaluate the quality of U.S. pharmacy graduates in an era of rapid increases in the number of pharmacy colleges and schools (CS) and students and to assess if the expansion has influenced such measures. SETTING United States. PRACTICE INNOVATION Institutional research used by CS and the pharmacy accrediting organization in evaluating the knowledge, skills, and abilities of pharmacy graduates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Scores on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) and survey data from CS graduates, faculty, and preceptors. RESULTS Mean first-time NAPLEX pass rates over time are comparable for older and newer CS and for main versus branch campuses. Graduates, faculty, and preceptor survey results affirm that faculty, preceptors, and students perceive the quality of pharmacy education to be very high. CONCLUSION The increase in pharmacy programs and graduates has not thus far affected educational quality based on available objective and subjective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda L Maine
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1727 King St., Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA.
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Bostwick JR. Success in academia: Tips for balancing clinical and faculty roles. Ment Health Clin 2012. [DOI: 10.9740/mhc.n102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jolene R. Bostwick
- Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacist in Psychiatry, University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers
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Truong J. Where are the postgraduate programs for tomorrow's education administrative leaders? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2011; 75:192. [PMID: 22171120 PMCID: PMC3230353 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe759192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Desselle SP, Peirce GL. The intersection of job satisfaction and preceptor development: opportunities for academic pharmacy programs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2011; 75:171. [PMID: 22171102 PMCID: PMC3230332 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe759171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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