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Li DX, Li XY, Dong H, Liu YP, Ding Y, Song JQ, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yang YL. Eight novel mutations of CBS gene in nine Chinese patients with classical homocystinuria. World J Pediatr 2018; 14:197-203. [PMID: 29508359 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical homocystinuria (homocysteinemia type 1, MIM# 236200) is a rare inherited disorder in Mainland China. This study aimed to identify mutations in the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) gene which are associated with classical homocystinuria in nine Chinese patients. METHODS Nine Chinese patients were diagnosed at the age of 5 years 4 months to 18 years by plasma total homocysteine and blood methionine determination. CBS gene analysis was performed for the patients and their families. RESULTS All nine patients had significantly increased plasma total homocysteine (142-500 μmol/L vs. the normal range of 0-15 μmol/L) and blood methionine (144.3-500 μmol/L vs. the normal range of 0-50 μmol/L). None of the patients was pyridoxine responsive. Eleven mutations in CBS gene were identified in the nine patients. Eight mutations (IVS3+1G>A, p.Thr493fsX46, p.Thr236Asn, p.Leu230Gln, p.Lys72Ile, p.Ser201ProfsX36, p.Met337IlefsX115, and IVS14-1G>C) were novel. Three mutations (p.Arg125Gln, p.Thr257Met and p.Gly116Arg) had been previously reported. CONCLUSIONS In this study, eight novel mutations in CBS were identified in nine Chinese patients with classical homocystinuria. None of the hotspot mutations reported in other regions previously was found. These data indicated that Chinese maybe had different CBS mutation spectrum from other population. The identification of mutations not only confirms the diagnosis but also enables accurate genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis for the fetuses of the families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jin-Qing Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Ogłodek EA, Just MJ, Grzesińska AD, Araszkiewicz A, Szromek AR. The impact of antipsychotics as a risk factor for thromboembolism. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:533-539. [PMID: 29674240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia are predisposed toward developing cardiovascular disease. Although neuroleptics affect the cardiovascular system, it is also important to consider the consequences of the disease itself such as lower physical activity due to living on disability pension, inadequate nutrition, and/or nicotine addiction, being more common among patients with schizophrenia versus the general population. All these factors combined lead to an increased risk of death caused by cardiovascular conditions in schizophrenic patients. Individuals receiving typical antipsychotic drugs have been reported to have elevated concentrations of antiphospholipid antibodies, including anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies. The presence of both antibodies is associated with an increased risk for thromboembolism. It is also likely that mental illness is accompanied by increased procoagulant activity. Patients with acute psychosis have been shown to have a statistically significant increase in the concentrations of D-dimer, P-selectin, and in the expression of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors. Learning about causes and mechanisms of venous thromboembolism could help to reduce or neutralize the adverse effects of antipsychotic treatment and facilitate the identification of appropriate markers necessary to monitor changes and provide preventive care against hazardous and potentially fatal complications such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Before atypical neuroleptic treatment is administered to hospitalized patients, all possible risk factors for thromboembolism should be considered to allow the application of lower risk drugs. Also, other preventive measures should be taken into account, including hydration, compression stockings, regular exercise of lower extremities, and low-molecular-weight heparin injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Ogłodek
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Marek J Just
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Municipal Hospital in Piekary Śląskie, Piekary Śląskie, Poland
| | - Anna D Grzesińska
- Health Care Centre of the Ministry of Interior in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksander Araszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Adam R Szromek
- Department of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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