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Surfboard Related Orbital and Periocular Injury. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:1730-1733. [PMID: 36054888 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to present the complexity of surfboard related orbital and periocular injuries and to discuss the different prevention aspects of such injuries. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on surfing related orbital and periocular injuries cases in a single tertiary medical center over a period of 10 years. RESULTS Six patients at a mean age of 34 (range 20-50) years were evaluated. All were amateur surfers. Five patients had an orbital fracture, 3 had a full thickness eyelid laceration, 3 had lacrimal drainage system damage and 3 had intraocular findings related to trauma, but no perforation of the globe was observed. Two patients had complete optic nerve avulsion or transection, 1 of them had extraocular muscle transection. Five patients underwent surgery and 2 required an additional surgical intervention. At the end of follow-up, 3 patients had an unrepairable lacrimal drainage damage, 2 had a malposition of an eyelid, 2 eyes remained blind, 1 patient had a hypoglobus, and 1 had hypoesthesia in distribution of infraorbital nerve. CONCLUSIONS Surfboard related orbital injuries may cause a severe orbital injury, which may debilitate and disable a previously active and healthy group of young people. Hence, protective gear wear should be more vigorously encouraged as already been done in other sports.
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Minasian B, Hope N. Surfing on the world stage: a narrative review of acute and overuse injuries and preventative measures for the competitive and recreational surfer. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:51-60. [PMID: 34862173 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Surfing has rapidly grown in popularity as the sport made its debut at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Surfing injuries are becoming more relevant with the globalisation and increasing risks of the sport, but despite this, little is known about surfing injuries or prevention strategies in either the competitive or recreational surfer. Prior research demonstrates that surfers are injured at a frequency of 0.74-1.79 injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. We reviewed the literature for the incidence, anatomical distribution, type and underlying mechanism of acute and overuse injuries, and discuss current preventative measures. This review finds that skin injuries represent the highest proportion of total injuries. Acute injuries most frequently affect the head, neck and face, followed by the lower limbs. Being struck by one's own board is the most common mechanism of injury. Non-contact acute ligament injuries have increased as surfing manoeuvres have become more acrobatic and overuse musculoskeletal injuries are highly correlated with paddling. However, there is a paucity of research for surfing injuries, and studies on overuse musculoskeletal injuries and prevention are disproportionally under-represented. Most of the prior studies are limited by small sample sizes, poor data collection methodology and geographical constraints. Further research is needed to establish preventative measures for both acute and overuse surfing injuries and to ensure the increasing popularity of surfing is met with an improved understanding of sport risks and safety. Specifically, we recommend research be prioritised regarding the efficacy of training programmes to prevent surfing-related overuse musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Minasian
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia .,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Hope
- University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Drowning is a leading cause of death in children. Each year there are thousands of injuries in children, some fatal, associated with aquatic adventure sports. Personal water craft rapidly accelerate children to high velocities, as does being towed behind boats on skis or tubes, whereupon children have no control of their speed or direction. Canoeing and white-water kayaking particularly stress the upper limbs and shoulder dislocations are a primary concern. Surfing and kite-surfing generate more injuries to the head and face than other parts of the body and, in scuba diving, children most frequently injure their ears due to the acute pressure changes experienced. Aquatic injuries cost more in children than in adults and residual functional deficits may last a lifetime. There is a pressing need for research into the prevalence and incidence of aquatic injuries in children, so the effectiveness of preventive interventions can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Buzzacott
- a Injury Monitoring and Prevention , Divers Alert Network , Durham , NC , USA.,b School of Sports Science Exercise and Health , University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Anna Mease
- a Injury Monitoring and Prevention , Divers Alert Network , Durham , NC , USA
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Leung V, Dunn H, Beshay N, Smith J, O'Donnell B. Surfboard-related intraorbital foreign bodies: a case series and radiological considerations. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 46:702-705. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vannessa Leung
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Hamish Dunn
- University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Westmead Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Nader Beshay
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - James Smith
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Brett O'Donnell
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Beshay N, Keay L, Dunn H, Kamalden TA, Hoskin AK, Watson SL. The epidemiology of Open Globe Injuries presenting to a tertiary referral eye hospital in Australia. Injury 2017; 48:1348-1354. [PMID: 28438416 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open globe injuries (OGIs) account for 44% of the cost of ocular trauma within Australia. It is estimated that 90% of ocular trauma is preventable. However, there have been few epidemiological studies within Australia that have identified groups at risk of OGIs specifically. The aim of our study was to review the epidemiology of OGIs presenting to a tertiary referral eye hospital in Australia. METHODS The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) system was used to classify injuries as globe ruptures, penetrating eye injuries (PEIs), intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) or perforating injuries. Demographic data, past ocular history, mechanism of trauma, ocular injuries, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after treatment were recorded. RESULTS The 205 OGIs included 80 globe ruptures, 71 PEIs, 48 IOFBs and six perforating injuries. Falls predominated in older age groups compared to the other mechanisms of injury (p<0.0001). A fall was responsible for 33 globe ruptures and 82% of these had a history of previous intraocular surgery. Globe rupture and perforating injuries had poorer visual outcomes (p<0.05), consistent with previous studies. Alcohol was implicated in 20 cases of OGI, with 11 of these due to assault. PEIs and IOFBs commonly occurred while working with metal. BCVA was significantly worse following removal of an intraocular foreign body. We found presenting BCVA to be a good predictor of BCVA at the time of discharge. CONCLUSIONS The causes of OGI varied in association with age, with older people mostly incurring their OGI through falls and younger adults through assault and working with metal. Globe ruptures occurring after a fall often had a history of intraocular surgery. The initial BCVA is useful for non-ophthalmologists who are unfamiliar with the ocular trauma score to help predict the BCVA following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Beshay
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Lisa Keay
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Hamish Dunn
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Tengku A Kamalden
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Annette K Hoskin
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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Ono Y, Kunii M, Miura T, Shinohara K. "Cannot ventilate, cannot intubate" situation after penetration of the tongue root through to the epipharynx by a surfboard: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:121. [PMID: 28460647 PMCID: PMC5412042 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surfing is an increasingly popular activity and surfing-related injuries have increased accordingly. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of penetrating upper airway injuries in surfers. We present a “cannot ventilate, cannot intubate” situation following penetrating neck injury by a surfboard fin. Case presentation A previously healthy 29-year-old Japanese man was swept off his board by a large wave and his left mandible, tongue root, and right epipharynx were penetrated by the surfboard fin. He presented with severe hypovolemic shock because of copious bleeding from his mouth. Direct laryngoscopy failed, as did manual ventilation, because of the exacerbated upper airway bleeding and distorted upper airway anatomy. Open cricothyrotomy was immediately performed, followed by surgical exploration, which revealed extensive ablation of his tongue root and laceration of his lingual artery. After definitive hemostasis and intensive care, he returned home with no sequelae. Conclusions The long, semi-sharp surfboard fin created both extensive crushing upper airway lesions and a sharp vascular injury, resulting in a difficult airway. This case illustrates that surfing injuries can prompt a life-threatening airway emergency and serves as a caution for both surfers and health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ono
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Ohta General Hospital Foundation, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, 2-5-20 Nishinouchi, Fukushima, Fukushima, 963-8558, Japan.
| | - Miha Kunii
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ohta General Hospital Foundation, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, 2-5-20 Nishinouchi, Fukushima, Fukushima, 963-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shinohara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohta General Hospital Foundation, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, 2-5-20 Nishinouchi, Fukushima, Fukushima, 963-8558, Japan
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Climstein M, Furness J, Hing W, Walsh J. Lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer in Australian recreational and competitive surfers. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2016; 32:207-13. [PMID: 27232425 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Surfing is one of the most popular outdoor aquatic activities in Australia with an estimated 2.7 million recreational surfers; however, Australia has long been recognized as having the highest incidence of melanoma in the world, and it is the most common type of cancer in young Australians. The aim of this study was to investigate the lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma [basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] and melanoma skin cancers in Australian recreational and competitive surfers. METHODS Australian surfers were invited to complete an online surveillance survey to determine the lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. RESULTS A total of 1348 surfers (56.9% recreational) participated in this study, of which 184 surfers reported a skin cancer (competitive n = 96, recreational n = 87). Of non-melanoma and melanoma cancers reported, BCC was the most common (6.8%), followed by melanoma (1.4%) and SCC (0.6%). The relative risk was higher (P < 0.001) in competitive vs. recreational surfers [OR 1.74 (CI 1.28-2.31)]. There was a higher (P < 0.05) number of skin cancers reported on the face (23.5%), back (16.4%) and arms (12.4%). There were significant trends (P < 0.001) in reported skin cancers between competitive and recreational surfers, as well as significantly (P < 0.001) more skin cancers reported in males (14.6%) than females (9.4%). CONCLUSION Based upon these findings, individuals who surf are advised to regularly utilize sun protection strategies (avoid peak ultraviolet radiation (10 am-3 pm), rashvest, hat and sunscreen) and primary care physicians are recommended to regularly screen their patients who surf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.,Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia.,Vale Medical Practice, Brookvale, NSW, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Joe Walsh
- Exercise and Sport Science, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia.,Fitness Clinic, Five Dock, NSW, Australia
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