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Borg DJ, Haritopoulou-Sinanidou M, Gabrovska P, Tseng HW, Honeyman D, Schweitzer D, Rae KM. Barriers and facilitators for recruiting and retaining male participants into longitudinal health research: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38389065 PMCID: PMC10882922 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successfully recruiting male participants to complete a healthcare related study is important for healthcare study completion and to advance our clinical knowledgebase. To date, most research studies have examined the barriers and facilitators of female participants in longitudinal healthcare-related studies with limited information available about the needs of males in longitudinal research. This systematic review examines the unique barriers and facilitators to male recruitment across longitudinal healthcare-related research studies. METHODS Following PRIMSA guidelines, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were systematically searched using the terms recruitment and/or retention, facilitators and/or barriers and longitudinal studies from 1900 to 2023 which contained separate data on males aged 17-59 years. Health studies or interventions were defined longitudinal if they were greater than or equal to 12 weeks in duration with 3 separate data collection visits. RESULTS Twenty-four articles published from 1976-2023 met the criteria. One-third of the studies had a predominantly male sample and four studies recruited only male participants. Males appear disinterested towards participation in health research, however this lack of enthusiasm can be overcome by clear, non-directive communication, and studies that support the participants interests. Facilitating factors are diverse and may require substantial time from research teams. CONCLUSIONS Future research should focus on the specific impact of these factors across the spectrum of longitudinal health-related studies. Based on the findings of this systematic review, researchers from longitudinal health-related clinical trials are encouraged to consider male-specific recruitment strategies to ensure successful recruitment and retention in their studies. REGISTRATION This systemic review is registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42021254696).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Borg
- Pregnancy and Development Group, Mater Research - The University of Queensland, Aubigny Place, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, Australia
| | | | - Pam Gabrovska
- Indigenous Health Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Aubigny Place, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia
| | - Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - David Honeyman
- Library, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Schweitzer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Mater Health, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia
| | - Kym M Rae
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, Australia.
- Indigenous Health Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Aubigny Place, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia.
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Attia J, Horvat JC, Hunter T, Hansbro PM, Hure A, Peel R, Ren S, Dizon J, Chiu S, Srikusalanukul W, Greenough R, Abhayaratna WP. Persistence of Detectable Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies 4 Years After Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination in a Randomised Controlled Trial: The Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE). Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:1378-1385. [PMID: 37919117 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Mouse models have indicated that the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) can reduce atherosclerosis. This is probably through a process of molecular mimicry, where phosphorylcholine in the capsular polysaccharide of the vaccine elicits antibodies that cross-react with oxidised low-density lipoprotein and reduce plaque. We investigated whether a similar mechanism occurs in humans. METHODS A large national blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of the PPV (Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events [AUSPICE]) is underway with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events as the primary outcome. Participants at one centre agreed to a substudy measuring a number of biomarkers and surrogates of CVD over 4 years, including anti-pneumococcal antibodies (immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M), C-reactive protein, carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, insulin, fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, and hepatorenal index. RESULTS Antipneumococcal immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M were both present and statistically significantly increased in the treated group compared to control at 4 years. However, there were no differences in any of the surrogate measures of CVD or metabolic markers at 4 years. CONCLUSIONS While there were prolonged differences in anti-pneumococcal antibody titres following PPV vaccination, these did not appear to provide any cardioprotective effect, as measured by a range of markers. Final results using the fatal and nonfatal CVD events await the completion of national health record linkage next year. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12615000536561.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tegan Hunter
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Centenary UTS Centre for Inflammation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Shu Ren
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Dizon
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Chiu
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Wichat Srikusalanukul
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Welberry HJ, Chau T, Heffernan M, San Jose JC, Jorm LR, Singh MF, Sachdev PS, Anstey KJ, Lautenschlager NT, Valenzuela M, McNeil J, Brodaty H. Factors Associated with Participation in a Multidomain Web-Based Dementia Prevention Trial: Evidence from Maintain Your Brain (MYB). J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:959-974. [PMID: 36806506 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Maintain Your Brain (MYB) trial aims to prevent cognitive decline and dementia through multidomain, web-based risk-reduction. To facilitate translation, it is important to understand drivers of participation. OBJECTIVE To describe characteristics associated with participation in MYB. METHODS This was an observational ancillary study of MYB, a randomized controlled trial nested within the 45 and Up Study in New South Wales, Australia. We linked 45 and Up Study survey and MYB participation data. The study cohort comprised 45 and Up Study participants, aged 55-77 years at 1 January 2018, who were invited to participate in MYB. 45 and Up Study participant characteristics and subsequent MYB consent and participation were examined. RESULTS Of 98,836 invited, 13,882 (14%) consented to participate and 6,190 participated (6%). Adjusting for age and sex, a wide range of factors were related to participation. Higher educational attainment had the strongest relationship with increased MYB participation (university versus school non-completion; AdjOR = 5.15; 95% CI:4.70-5.64) and lower self-rated quality of life with reduced participation (Poor versus Excellent: AdjOR = 0.19; 95% CI:0.11-0.32). A family history of Alzheimer's disease was related to increased participation but most other dementia risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, stroke, high blood pressure, and current smoking were associated with reduced participation. CONCLUSION Higher socio-economic status, particularly educational attainment, is strongly associated with engagement in online dementia prevention research. Increasing population awareness of dementia risk factors, and better understanding the participation barriers in at-risk groups, is necessary to ensure online interventions are optimally designed to promote maximum participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Welberry
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiffany Chau
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan Heffernan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juan Carlo San Jose
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louisa R Jorm
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Fiaratone Singh
- School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,North Western Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Valenzuela
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Koyuncu A, Ishizumi A, Daniels D, Jalloh MF, Wallace AS, Prybylski D. The Use of Adaptive Sampling to Reach Disadvantaged Populations for Immunization Programs and Assessments: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020424. [PMID: 36851301 PMCID: PMC9961530 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines prevent 4-5 million deaths every year, but inequities in vaccine coverage persist among key disadvantaged subpopulations. Under-immunized subpopulations (e.g., migrants, slum residents) may be consistently missed with conventional methods for estimating immunization coverage and assessing vaccination barriers. Adaptive sampling, such as respondent-driven sampling, may offer useful strategies for identifying and collecting data from these subpopulations that are often "hidden" or hard-to-reach. However, use of these adaptive sampling approaches in the field of global immunization has not been systematically documented. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify eligible studies published through November 2020 that used an adaptive sampling method to collect immunization-related data. From the eligible studies, we extracted relevant data on their objectives, setting and target population, and sampling methods. We categorized sampling methods and assessed their frequencies. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria out of the 3069 articles screened for eligibility. Peer-driven sampling was the most frequently used adaptive sampling method (57%), followed by geospatial sampling (30%), venue-based sampling (17%), ethnographic mapping (9%), and compact segment sampling (9%). Sixty-one percent of studies were conducted in upper-middle-income or high-income countries. Data on immunization uptake were collected in 65% of studies, and data on knowledge and attitudes about immunizations were collected in 57% of studies. We found limited use of adaptive sampling methods in measuring immunization coverage and understanding determinants of vaccination uptake. The current under-utilization of adaptive sampling approaches leaves much room for improvement in how immunization programs calibrate their strategies to reach "hidden" subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybüke Koyuncu
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Atsuyoshi Ishizumi
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Danni Daniels
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mohamed F Jalloh
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Aaron S Wallace
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Dimitri Prybylski
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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5
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Zhang R, Smit AK, Espinoza D, Allen M, Reyes-Marcelino G, Kimlin MG, Lo SN, Sharman AR, Law MH, Kanetsky PA, Mann GJ, Cust AE. Validation of self-reported sun exposure against electronic ultraviolet radiation dosimeters. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:324-328. [PMID: 36153755 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amelia K Smit
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Espinoza
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martin Allen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gillian Reyes-Marcelino
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael G Kimlin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Serigne N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R Sharman
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health and Medicine, ANU, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anne E Cust
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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6
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Kochan NA, Heffernan M, Valenzuela M, Sachdev PS, Lam BCP, Fiatarone Singh M, Anstey KJ, Chau T, Brodaty H. Reliability, Validity, and User-Experience of Remote Unsupervised Computerized Neuropsychological Assessments in Community-Living 55- to 75-Year-Olds. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1629-1645. [PMID: 36314208 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-administered computerized neuropsychological assessments (CNAs) provide lower cost, more accessible alternatives to traditional in-person assessments but lack critical information on psychometrics and subjective experience of older adults in remote testing environments. OBJECTIVE We used an online brief battery of computerized tasks selected from the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) and Cambridge Brain Sciences (CBS) to 1) determine test-retest reliability in an unsupervised setting; 2) examine convergent validity with a comprehensive 'gold standard' paper-and-pencil neuropsychological test battery administered in-person; and 3) explore user-experience of remote computerized testing and individual tests. METHODS Fifty-two participants (mean age 65.8±5.7 years) completed CBB and CBS tests on their own computer, unsupervised from home, on three occasions, and visited a research center for an in-person paper-and-pencil assessment. They also completed a user-experience questionnaire. RESULTS Test-retest reliabilities varied for individual measures (ICCs = 0.20 to 0.83). Global cognition composites showed excellent reliability (ICCs > 0.8 over 1-month follow-up). A strong relationship between a combination of CNA measures and paper-and-pencil battery was found (canonical correlation R = 0.87, p = 0.04). Most tests were rated as enjoyable with easy-to-understand instructions. Ratings of general experience with online testing were mostly favorable; few had difficulty concentrating (17%) or using the computer for tasks (10%), although over one-third experienced performance anxiety (38%). CONCLUSION A combined brief online battery selected from two CNAs demonstrated robust psychometric standards for reliability (global composite), and convergent validity with a gold standard battery, and mostly good usability and acceptability in the remote testing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Megan Heffernan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Valenzuela
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Skin2Neuron Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ben C P Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tiffany Chau
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Ren S, Hansbro PM, Srikusalanukul W, Horvat JC, Hunter T, Brown AC, Peel R, Faulkner J, Evans TJ, Li SC, Newby D, Hure A, Abhayaratna WP, Tsimikas S, Gonen A, Witztum JL, Attia J, Hansbro PM, Peel R, Srikusalanukul W, Abhayaratna W, Newby D, Hure A, D'Este C, Tonkin A, Hopper I, Thrift A, Levi C, Sturm J, Durrheim D, Hung J, Briffa T, Chew D, Anderson P, Moon L, McEvoy M, Attia J. Generation of cardio-protective antibodies after pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: Early results from a randomised controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2022; 346:68-74. [PMID: 35290813 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have demonstrated that the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events. This may be mediated through IgM antibodies to OxLDL, which have previously been associated with cardioprotective effects. The Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE) is a double-blind, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of PPV in preventing ischaemic events. Participants received PPV or placebo once at baseline and are being followed-up for incident fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke over 6 years. METHODS A subgroup of participants at one centre (Canberra; n = 1,001) were evaluated at 1 month and 2 years post immunisation for changes in surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, as pre-specified secondary outcomes: high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). In addition, 100 participants were randomly selected in each of the intervention and control groups for measurement of anti-pneumococcal antibodies (IgG, IgG2, IgM) as well as anti-OxLDL antibodies (IgG and IgM to CuOxLDL, MDA-LDL, and PC-KLH). RESULTS Concentrations of anti-pneumococcal IgG and IgG2 increased and remained high at 2 years in the PPV group compared to the placebo group, while IgM increased and then declined, but remained detectable, at 2 years. There were statistically significant increases in all anti-OxLDL IgM antibodies at 1 month, which were no longer detectable at 2 years; there was no increase in anti-OxLDL IgG antibodies. There were no significant changes in CRP, PWV or CIMT between the treatment groups at the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS PPV engenders a long-lasting increase in anti-pneumococcal IgG, and to a lesser extent, IgM titres, as well as a transient increase in anti-OxLDL IgM antibodies. However, there were no detectable changes in surrogate markers of atherosclerosis at the 2-year follow-up. Long-term, prospective follow-up of clinical outcomes is continuing to assess if PPV reduces CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ren
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Centenary UTS Centre for Inflammation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wichat Srikusalanukul
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tegan Hunter
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jack Faulkner
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Shu Chuen Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David Newby
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Smit AK, Allen M, Beswick B, Butow P, Dawkins H, Dobbinson SJ, Dunlop KL, Espinoza D, Fenton G, Kanetsky PA, Keogh L, Kimlin MG, Kirk J, Law MH, Lo S, Low C, Mann GJ, Reyes-Marcelino G, Morton RL, Newson AJ, Savard J, Trevena L, Wordsworth S, Cust AE. Impact of personal genomic risk information on melanoma prevention behaviors and psychological outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. Genet Med 2021; 23:2394-2403. [PMID: 34385669 PMCID: PMC8629758 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the impact of personal melanoma genomic risk information on sun-related behaviors and psychological outcomes. Methods In this parallel group, open, randomized controlled trial, 1,025 Australians of European ancestry without melanoma and aged 18–69 years were recruited via the Medicare database (3% consent). Participants were randomized to the intervention (n = 513; saliva sample for genetic testing, personalized melanoma risk booklet based on a 40-variant polygenic risk score, telephone-based genetic counseling, educational booklet) or control (n = 512; educational booklet). Wrist-worn ultraviolet (UV) radiation dosimeters (10-day wear) and questionnaires were administered at baseline, 1 month postintervention, and 12 months postbaseline. Results At 12 months, 948 (92%) participants completed dosimetry and 973 (95%) the questionnaire. For the primary outcome, there was no effect of the genomic risk intervention on objectively measured UV exposure at 12 months, irrespective of traditional risk factors. For secondary outcomes at 12 months, the intervention reduced sunburns (risk ratio: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.54–0.96), and increased skin examinations among women. Melanoma-related worry was reduced. There was no overall impact on general psychological distress. Conclusion Personalized genomic risk information did not influence sun exposure patterns but did improve some skin cancer prevention and early detection behaviors, suggesting it may be useful for precision prevention. There was no evidence of psychological harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Smit
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, NSW, Sydney, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Allen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brooke Beswick
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phyllis Butow
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh Dawkins
- Division of Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kate L Dunlop
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Espinoza
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina Fenton
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Louise Keogh
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael G Kimlin
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judy Kirk
- Westmead Clinical School and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Serigne Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Low
- Consumer representative, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health and Medicine, ANU, ACT, Canberra, Australia
| | - Gillian Reyes-Marcelino
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael L Morton
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ainsley J Newson
- Sydney Health Ethics, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Savard
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndal Trevena
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Wordsworth
- Health Economics Research Centre, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne E Cust
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, NSW, Sydney, Australia. .,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Conducting Population Health Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts and Recommendations. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many changes, including restrictions on indoor gatherings and visitation to residential aged care facilities, hospitals and certain communities. Coupled with potential restrictions imposed by health services and academic institutions, these changes may significantly impact the conduct of population health research. However, the continuance of population health research is beneficial for the provision of health services and sometimes imperative. This paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the conduct of population health research. This discussion unveils important ethical considerations, as well as potential impacts on recruitment methods, face-to-face data collection, data quality and validity. In addition, this paper explores potential recruitment and data collection methods that could replace face-to-face methods. The discussion is accompanied by reflections on the challenges experienced by the authors in their own research at an oral health service during the COVID-19 pandemic and alternative methods that were utilised in place of face-to-face methods. This paper concludes that, although COVID-19 presents challenges to the conduct of population health research, there is a range of alternative methods to face-to-face recruitment and data collection. These alternative methods should be considered in light of project aims to ensure data quality is not compromised.
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10
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Ren S, Attia J, Li SC, Newby D. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is a cost saving strategy for prevention of acute coronary syndrome. Vaccine 2021; 39:1721-1726. [PMID: 33627244 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) may reduce cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of PPV for primary prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the elderly in Australia. METHODS A Markov model was developed to investigate the costs, QALYs and ICERs of PPV administration in those aged ≥65 years without a history of ACS from the perspective of Australian healthcare system, using elderly-specific clinical data and local costs from Australian Heart Foundation and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare databases. A ten-years horizon was used, and all costs and health outcomes were discounted at 5% annually. The impact of various assumptions was tested with sensitivity analyses. RESULTS In the base-case analysis, interventional strategy (100% PPV coverage) prevented an additional five incident ACS events among 1000 "healthy" elderly individuals compared with standard of care (50% PPV coverage) over 10 years. 100% PPV was the dominant strategy, resulting in a QALY gain of 0.0075 and cost saving of AU$ 179 per person. The results were most sensitive to effectiveness of PPV at preventing ACS and reducing hospital bed-days, and cost of ACS admission, but in all sensitivity analyses 100% PPV remained the dominant strategy. Shortening the time horizon from ten to five years resulted in further cost saving. CONCLUSION PPV for the prevention of ACS in those aged ≥65 is a dominant intervention strategy, with cost saving and minor improvements in QALY. Healthcare providers should promote PPV administration for all eligible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ren
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Shu Chuen Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David Newby
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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11
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Jhund PS. Improving recruitment for clinical trials: the human touch. Med J Aust 2019; 210:401-402. [DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep S Jhund
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
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