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Kara K, Yilmaz S, Güçlü BK, Demir S. In vitro ruminal fermentation, core nutrient, fatty acids and mineral matter of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) herbage at different phenological stages. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1397. [PMID: 38450960 PMCID: PMC10918986 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ruminants, fibrous feedstuffs must be included in the ration to ensure normal rumen physiology and to prevent the occurrence of rumen-related metabolic diseases. In addition to being a source of fibrous feedstuffs, they contain energy depending on the level of digestion and protein, minerals, fatty acids, minerals, and secondary compounds. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the nutrient matter, fatty acid, mineral and in vitro rumen fermentation values of the pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) plant. METHODS The pennyroyal plant samples were collected at different phenological stages (vegetative, full flowering, and seed bulking) from the natural meadow. The samples were analysed for core nutrients, condensed tannins, minerals, fatty acids, and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters. RESULTS The calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) contents and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters (total gas production and methane production, organic matter digestion (OMd), and the ammonia-nitrogen) decreased with increasing phenological stage (p < 0.05). The percentages of linoleic, α-linolenic, ω-3, ω-6 and polyunsaturated fatty (PUFA) acids of the pennyroyal plant linearly increased with the phenological stages (p < 0.05). However, butyric acid (BA) concentration in the in vitro ruminal fermentation fluid in the full flowering stage was lower than that of other stages (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pennyroyal plant is a functional plant in terms of high values of ether extract (EE), α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, ∑ω-3 fatty acids, Ca, Fe and Zn contents. For this plant to be used as animal feed, the stage when it has the highest values for Ca, Mg, S and Zn minerals and in vitro OMd were vegetative and full flowering. The stage with good potential as animal feed for ∑ω-3 and ∑ω-6 fatty acids and core nutrients (CP and EE) is the seed bulking stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanber Kara
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Sena Yilmaz
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Berrin Kocaoğlu Güçlü
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Seyrani Demir
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
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Morais EDE, Souza SM, Ávila SCDE, Borges I, Sousa LF, Guimarães CMC, Silva AGME. Effects of dietary palm oil supplementation on ruminal degradation and apparent digestibility of nutrients in sheep. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20190041. [PMID: 38055598 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm oil on the ruminal environment and nutrient digestibility of sheep diets. Twenty rumen-cannulated sheep were kept in individual stalls equipped with feeding and drinking troughs The animals were fed five diets based on Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Roxo) silage and supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 g kg-1 of palm oil (based on total DM). The Elephant grass was harvested at 90 days of regrowth and the concentrate was based on ground corn grain, soybean meal and mineral mix (20 g kg-1 DM), offered to the sheep at a ratio of 1.5 g kg-1d-1 of body weight (restricted intake) to maintain a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 1:1, based on DM. There were no differences (P = 0.324) in ruminal disappearance and degradability parameters with up to 75 g of oil per kg of DM. Organic matter showed a linear reduction in apparent digestibility, while ether extract increased linearly. Palm oil affected the digestibility and nutritional parameters in ruminant diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eziquiel DE Morais
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará, BR 316, Km 61, Saudade, Cristo Redentor, 68740-970 Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Shirley M Souza
- Federal University of Pará, Veterinary Institute, Animal Science Graduate Program, BR 316, Km 61, Cristo Redentor, 68741-740 Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandra C DE Ávila
- Federal University of Pará, Veterinary Institute, BR 316, Km 61, Cristo Redentor, 68741-740 Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Iran Borges
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Veterinary School, Department of Animal Science, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha Campus, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano F Sousa
- Federal University of North Tocantins, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Lot. Araguaina Sul, 77824-838 Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria C Guimarães
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará, Department of Animal Science, BR 316, Km 61, Saudade, Cristo Redentor, 68740-970 Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - André G Maciel E Silva
- Federal University of Pará, Veterinary Institute, Animal Science Graduate Program, BR 316, Km 61, Cristo Redentor, 68741-740 Castanhal, PA, Brazil
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Baleseng L, Madibela O, Tsopito C, Mareko M, Boitumelo W, Letso M. Morula Kernel Cake ( Sclerocarya birrea) as a Protein Source in Diets of Finishing Tswana Lambs: Effects on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Meat Quality, and Gross Margin. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081387. [PMID: 37106950 PMCID: PMC10135206 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A trial evaluated growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and economic returns of fattened lambs fed on diets containing different protein sources. Six castrated male Tswana lambs per treatment were used in a completely randomised design (CRD) trial and fed on complete diets containing Lucerne (CD; commercial diet), morula kernel cake (MKC), or sunflower seedcake (SC) as protein sources over a 103-day experiment. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the dry matter intake, final body weight, average daily gain, and FCR. This was attributable to all the diets providing an equal supply of nutrients to the lambs. Meat quality attributes and proximate composition values were similar (p > 0.05) across the treatments. Longissimus dorsi muscle organoleptic quality did not differ (p > 0.05) across the treatments. The gross margin analysis was significantly greater (p < 0.05) when feeding SCD than feeding CD and was intermediate for lambs fed MKCD. Morula kernel cake (Sclerocarya birrea) can be used for fattening lambs when common protein sources are either not available or expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Baleseng
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Othusitse Madibela
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Christopher Tsopito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Molebeledi Mareko
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wame Boitumelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Moagi Letso
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
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Wang Z, Liang Y, Lu J, Wei Z, Bao Y, Yao X, Fan Y, Wang F, Wang D, Zhang Y. Dietary spirulina supplementation modifies rumen development, fermentation and bacteria composition in Hu sheep when consuming high-fat dietary. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1001621. [PMID: 36798143 PMCID: PMC9926970 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1001621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of spirulina supplementation in a high-fat diet (HFD) on rumen morphology, rumen fermentation, and the composition of rumen microbiota in lambs. Spirulina is a blue-green microalgae that has been shown to have high nutritional value for livestock. Methods Fifty-four lambs were randomly divided into three groups: a normal chow diet (NCD) group, a high-fat diet (HFD) group, and a high-fat diet supplemented with 3% spirulina (HFD+S) group. Rumen morphology, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota were analyzed at the end of the study. Results Spirulina supplementation improved the concentration of volatile fatty acids and rumen papilla length. Additionally, there was a tendency for an increase in rumen weight and an upregulation of the genes Claudin-1, Claudin-4, and Occludin in the HFD+S group. Pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene also showed that spirulina supplementation significantly changed the rumen microbiota composition in the HFD group, with a decrease in richness and diversity. Specifically, the relative abundance of Prevotella 9 and Megasphaera was significantly increased in the HFD group compared to the NCD group, while spirulina supplementation reversed these changes. Discussion This study suggests that 3% spirulina supplementation can improve rumen development and fermentation, and effectively relieve rumen microbe disorders in lambs caused by a high-fat diet. However, further research is needed to confirm the findings and to examine the long-term effects of spirulina supplementation in different types of livestock and under different dietary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Wang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxu Liang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongyou Wei
- Agricultural and Rural Science & Technology Service Center, and Enterprise Graduate Workstation, Taicang, China
| | - Yongjin Bao
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Qianbao Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yanli Zhang ✉
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Yilmaz K, Kara K. The effect of vegetable and animal oils added to different forages and concentrates on the in vitro fermentation parameters in ruminants. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurşat Yilmaz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kanber Kara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ababakri R, Dayani O, Khezri A, Naserian A. Effects of extruded flaxseed and dietary rumen undegradable
protein on reproductive traits and the blood metabolites
in Baluchi ewes. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/139153/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rêgo A, Oliveira C, Afonso L, Azevedo J, Machado Neto O, Monteiro E, Domingues F, Faturi C. Yellow grease in sheep diets: intake and digestibility. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of yellow grease supplementation on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Twenty Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 95 ± 10 d and body weight of 19.29 ± 3.17kg were evaluated in a completely randomized design. The diets were supplemented with oil at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 gkg-1 of dry matter (DM) of the concentrate. The diets were based on roughage and concentrate (50:50). The experimental period lasted 19 d and included 14 adaptation days and five collection days for the total supplied diet, orts, feces, and urine. Supplementation with yellow grease had no significant effect on the intake of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). However, the ether extract (EE) intake increased linearly with supplementation of yellow grease. Moreover, no effect was observed for DM, CP, NDF, and NFC digestibility and nitrogen balance. EE digestibility increased linearly with the yellow grease dietary supplementation. Thus, sheep dietary supplementation with yellow grease may be used at a level of up to 80 gkg-1 of DM of concentrate without impairing nutrient intake and digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Rêgo
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C. Faturi
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
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Gouvêa VND, Biehl MV, Ferraz Junior MVDC, Moreira EM, Faleiro Neto JA, Westphalen MF, Oliveira GB, Ferreira EM, Polizel DM, Pires AV. Effects of soybean oil or various levels of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal fermentation characteristics of finishing beef cattle. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Calvo-Lerma J, Roca M, Boon M, Colombo C, de Koning B, Fornés-Ferrer V, Masip E, Garriga M, Bulfamante A, Asensio-Grau A, Andrés A, de Boeck K, Hulst J, Ribes-Koninckx C. Association between faecal pH and fat absorption in children with cystic fibrosis on a controlled diet and enzyme supplements dose. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:205-210. [PMID: 32247283 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite treatment with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) can still suffer from fat malabsorption. A cause could be low intestinal pH disabling PERT. The aim of this study was to assess the association between faecal pH (as intestinal pH surrogate) and coefficient of fat absorption (CFA). Additionally, faecal free fatty acids (FFAs) were quantified to determine the amount of digested, but unabsorbed fat. METHODS In a 24-h pilot study, CF patients followed a standardised diet with fixed PERT doses, corresponding to theoretical optimal doses determined by an in vitro digestion model. Study variables were faecal pH, fat and FFA excretion, CFA and transit time. Linear mixed regression models were applied to explore associations. RESULTS In 43 patients, median (1st, 3rd quartile) faecal pH and CFA were 6.1% (5.8, 6.4) and 90% (84, 94), and they were positively associated (p < 0.001). An inverse relationship was found between faecal pH and total fat excretion (p < 0.01), as well as total FFA (p = 0.048). Higher faecal pH was associated with longer intestinal transit time (p = 0.049) and the use of proton pump inhibitors (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Although the clinical significance of faecal pH is not fully defined, its usefulness as a surrogate biomarker for intestinal pH should be further explored. IMPACT Faecal pH is a physiological parameter that may be related to intestinal pH and may provide important physiopathological information on CF-related pancreatic insufficiency. Faecal pH is correlated with fat absorption, and this may explain why pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is not effective in all patients with malabsorption related to CF. Use of proton pump inhibitors is associated to higher values of faecal pH. Faecal pH could be used as a surrogate biomarker to routinely monitor the efficacy of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in clinical practice. Strategies to increase intestinal pH in children with cystic fibrosis should be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Calvo-Lerma
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe de Valencia, 46026, Valencia, Spain. .,Research Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria Roca
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe de Valencia, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mieke Boon
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carla Colombo
- CF Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara de Koning
- Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Etna Masip
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe de Valencia, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Garriga
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bulfamante
- CF Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Asensio-Grau
- Research Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Andrés
- Research Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kris de Boeck
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessie Hulst
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen Ribes-Koninckx
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe de Valencia, 46026, Valencia, Spain
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Shi L, Zhang Y, Wu L, Xun W, Liu Q, Cao T, Hou G, Zhou H. Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:622259. [PMID: 33426036 PMCID: PMC7785786 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.622259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated amelioration effects of coconut oil (CO) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in Hainan Black goat kids. Twenty-four Hainan Black goat kids (10 days of age) were assigned randomly to four treatments for 90 days, including pre-weaning (10-70 d of age) and post-weaning (70-100 d of age) days. The treatment regimens were control (CON), low CO (LCO), medium CO (MCO), and high CO (HCO) with 0, 4, 6, 8 g CO per goat per day, respectively. During the pre-weaning period, the average daily gain (ADG) linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05), whereas the average daily feed intake (ADFI) linearly decreased, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) also decreased linearly and quadratically by increasing CO supplementation (P < 0.05). During the post-weaning period, increasing CO supplementation linearly and quadratically increased the BW at 100 days and ADG (P < 0.05), but quadratically decreased the ADFI and FCR (P < 0.05). The digestibility of ether extract (EE) linearly and quadratically increased with increasing CO supplementation (P < 0.05). Supplementation of CO linearly increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05), but linearly decreased (P < 0.05) ammonia-N, total VFAs, molar proportions of acetate, ruminal microbial enzyme activity of carboxymethyl-cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase and α-amylase, and number of total protozoa, the abundance of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, and Ruminobacter amylophilus. The estimated methane emission decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing CO addition (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and growth hormone (GH) linearly (P < 0.05) increased by raising the CO supplementation. The present results indicate that CO supplementation at 6 g/day per goats is optimum due to improved growth performance and decreased estimated methane emission. Supplementation CO up to 8 g/day depressed growth and feed conversion due to its suppression of growth performance, rumen protozoa, cellulolytic bacteria and microbial enzyme activity, and reduced ADF and ADF digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Shi
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Wenjuan Xun
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Replacing sorghum with palm kernel cake in the diet decreased intake without altering crossbred cattle performance. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 53:45. [PMID: 33237396 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Palm kernel cake is a viable alternative for use in cattle feed to reduce production costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concentrations in diet dry matter (DM) of palm kernel cake on intake and digestibility of nutrients and performance of cattle finished in a feedlot system. Forty non-castrated crossbred cattle, with an average age of 24 ± 2 months and an average weight of 331.12 ± 36.20 kg, were distributed among four treatments (control 0%, without heart of palm kernel cake in the diet; 8%, 16%, and 24% of palm kernel cake in diet DM). Variance and regression analysis were performed in function of the palm kernel cake concentrations in diet DM (P < 0.05). The dry matter intake decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as the concentrations in diet DM of palm kernel cake in the diet increased. The inclusion of palm kernel cake in the animals' diet decreased (P < 0.05) on dry matter digestibility. No effects (P > 0.05) of palm kernel cake on average daily gain or feed conversion were observed. The palm kernel cake can be included in the diet of crossbred bulls finished in confinement at concentrations in diet DM of up to 24%, as it has not influenced performance.
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Impact of high-concentrate diets with cottonseed associated with calcium lignosulfonate on the metabolic, productive, and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1821-1832. [PMID: 31927689 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic, productive, and carcass parameters of feedlot lambs fed high-concentrate diets with cottonseed associated with calcium lignosulfonate. Treatments consisted of diets including whole cottonseed, crushed cottonseed, whole cottonseed with lignosulfonate (100 g/kg), crushed cottonseed with lignosulfonate (100 g/kg), and a control diet without cottonseed. Thirty ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês, non-castrated male lambs with an average live weight of 24.9 ± 3.6 kg and an average age of 3.5 months were evaluated in a completely randomized design. There was no effect (P > 0.05) on the intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The crushing of cottonseed and association with lignosulfonate increased (P < 0.01) the intake and digestibility of ether extract. No effect was observed (P > 0.05) for the concentrations of urine and plasma urea N, which averaged 616.2 and 108.6 mg/dL, respectively. There was a change (P < 0.01) in nitrogen balance for digested N in g/day. There was no effect (P > 0.05) on the urinary concentration of purine derivatives, except for uric acid excretions (P < 0.05). Lignosulfonate associated with cottonseed provided an average daily gain of 0.293 kg/day, which was higher than the 0.226 kg/day obtained without lignosulfonate, but lower than control (0.302 kg/day), which also showed higher values of carcass yield. High-concentrate diets formulated without cottonseed improve lamb production performance. The use of high-concentrate diets with cottonseed associated with calcium lignosulfonate provides greater weight gains in lambs.
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Shi F, Guo N, Degen A, Niu J, Wei H, Jing X, Ding L, Shang Z, Long R. Effects of level of feed intake and season on digestibility of dietary components, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in yaks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gomez-Insuasti AS, Granja-Salcedo YT, Rossi LG, Ramalho Vieira B, Berchielli TT. Effect of soybean oil availabilities on rumen biohydrogenation and duodenal flow of fatty acids in beef cattle fed a diet with crude glycerine. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:308-320. [PMID: 30011250 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1492805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Soybean oil with different ruminal availability (whole soybeans (WS), soybean oil (SO) and calcium salts (CS)) was used to evaluate the fatty acid (FA) intake, rumen biohydrogenation (BH) and duodenal flow of FA in Nellore steers fed diets with crude glycerine (CG). Eight castrated Nellore steers were fitted with a ruminal and duodenal silicone cannula, and distributed in a double, simultaneous, Latin square 4 × 4 design with four diets and four experimental periods. Concentrates contained ground maize, urea, mineral salts, CG (100 g/kg DM) and soybean products with different availability of soybean oil: (1) no additional fat (CO), (2) WS, (3) SO or (4) CS. Fat supplementation was fixed to obtain 50 g ether extract/kg DM. Experimental treatments had no effect on DM intake, DM duodenal flow or ruminal turnover rate of C:16 FA. However, fat addition increased C:18 and turnover rates of total FA rumen (p < 0.05). CS resulted in lower C:18 turnover rates and lower ruminal BH of monounsaturated and unsaturated FA (UFA) than WS (p < 0.05). SO resulted in a greater duodenal flow of C18:0 (stearic acid), C18:1t-11 (vaccenic acid) and saturated FA than the WS and CS diets (p < 0.05). CS resulted in a higher duodenal flow of C18:3n-3 (linolenic acid) than WS (p < 0.05). The association of CG and calcium salts in Nellore steers was the best nutritional strategy to increase duodenal flow of healthier UFA, which may increase the deposition of these FA in meat. However, SO associated with CG association increased the duodenal flow of vaccenic acid, which is main precursor of endogenous synthesis of conjugated linoleic acids in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Samuel Gomez-Insuasti
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Jaboticabal , Brazil
| | - Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Jaboticabal , Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Rossi
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Jaboticabal , Brazil
| | - Bruno Ramalho Vieira
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Jaboticabal , Brazil
| | - Telma Teresinha Berchielli
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Jaboticabal , Brazil.,b INCT/CA-UFV-Department of Animal Science , Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Minas Gerais CEP , Viçosa , Brazil
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15
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Effect of lipid sources on fatty acid profiles of meat from pasture- and feedlot-finished Nellore bulls. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Effects of partial replacement of maize in the diet with crude glycerin and/or soyabean oil on ruminal fermentation and microbial population in Nellore steers. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:651-660. [PMID: 29185932 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a combination of crude glycerin (CG) and soyabean oil (SO) could be used to partially replace maize in the diet of Nellore steers while maintaining optimum feed utilisation. Eight castrated Nellore steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a double 4×4 Latin square design balanced for residual effects, in a factorial arrangement (A×B), when factor A corresponded to the provision of SO, and factor B to the provision of CG. Steers feed SO and CG showed similar DM intake, DM, organic matter and neutral-detergent fibre digestibility to that of steers fed diets without oil and without glycerine (P>0·05). Both diets with CG additions reduced the acetate:propionate ratio and increased the proportion of iso-butyrate, butyrate, iso-valerate and valerate (P<0·05). Steers fed diets containing SO had less total N excretion (P<0·001) and showed greater retained N expressed as % N intake (P=0·022). SO and CG diet generated a greater ruminal abundance of Prevotella, Succinivibrio, Ruminococcus, Syntrophococcus and Succiniclasticum. Archaea abundance (P=0·002) and total ciliate protozoa were less in steers fed diets containing SO (P=0·011). CG associated with lipids could be an energy source, which is a useful strategy for the partial replacement of maize in cattle diets, could result in reduced total N excretion and ruminal methanogens without affecting intake and digestibility.
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17
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Jayanegara A, Novandri B, Yantina N, Ridla M. Use of black soldier fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens) to substitute soybean meal in ruminant diet: An in vitro rumen fermentation study. Vet World 2017; 10:1439-1446. [PMID: 29391684 PMCID: PMC5771168 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1439-1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This experiment aimed to evaluate substitution of soybean meal (SBM) by black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal in a napier grass diet as performed by an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Materials and Methods: Samples of napier grass, SBM, and BSF larvae age 1 week (BSF1) and 2 weeks (BSF2) were arranged according to the following dietary treatments (dry matter [DM] basis): T1, 100% napier grass; T2, 60% napier grass + 40% SBM; T3, 60% napier grass + 40% BSF1; T4, 60% napier grass + 40% BSF2; T5, 60% napier grass + 20% SBM + 20% BSF1; and T6, 60% napier grass + 20% SBM + 20% BSF2. The samples were determined for their chemical composition and were incubated in vitro using buffered rumen fluid for 48 h at 39°C. In vitro incubation was carried out in three runs and represented by two incubation bottles per run. Results: Supplementation of BSF, both BSF1 and BSF2, increased ether extract, neutral- and acid-detergent insoluble crude protein contents of T3-T6 diets. The T3 or T4 diet resulted in lower ruminal ammonia concentration, in vitro DM digestibility, and in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibility as compared to those in T2 (p<0.05). Diet supplemented with BSF produced lower methane emission in comparison to that of supplemented with SBM (p<0.05). Diet containing BSF2 produced lower methane and methane per digestible OM than that containing BSF1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Substitution of SBM by BSF in ruminant diet results in a lower nutritional value in vitro but with an advantage of lowering ruminal methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Briliannanda Novandri
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Nover Yantina
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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18
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Diet containing glycerine and soybean oil can reduce ruminal biohydrogenation in Nellore steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Gadeyne F, De Neve N, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V. State of the art in rumen lipid protection technologies and emerging interfacial protein cross‐linking methods. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Gadeyne
- Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringLaboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product QualityGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Nympha De Neve
- Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringLaboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product QualityGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Bruno Vlaeminck
- Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringLaboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product QualityGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringLaboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product QualityGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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