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Weber SL, Hustedt K, Schnepel N, Visscher C, Muscher-Banse AS. Modulation of GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 Pathway in the Liver and Induction of FGF21 in Young Goats Fed a Protein- and/or Phosphorus-Reduced Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087153. [PMID: 37108315 PMCID: PMC10138370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals respond to amino acid (AA) deficiency by initiating an AA response pathway (AAR) that involves the activation of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2), phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), and activation of transcription factor 4 (ATF4). In this study, the effects of protein (N) and/or phosphorus (P) restriction on the GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway in the liver and the induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in young goats were investigated. An N-reduced diet resulted in a decrease in circulating essential AA (EAA) and an increase in non-essential AA (NEAA), as well as an increase in hepatic mRNA expression of GCN2 and ATF4 and protein expression of GCN2. Dietary N restriction robustly increased both hepatic FGF21 mRNA expression and circulating FGF21 levels. Accordingly, numerous significant correlations demonstrated the effects of the AA profile on the AAR pathway and confirmed an association. Furthermore, activation of the AAR pathway depended on the sufficient availability of P. When dietary P was restricted, the GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway was not initiated, and no increase in FGF21 was observed. These results illustrate how the AAR pathway responds to N- and/or P-reduced diets in ruminants, thus demonstrating the complexity of dietary component changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Weber
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Hustedt
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Schnepel
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra S Muscher-Banse
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Nafikova E, Mironova I, Gazeev I, Blagov D, Nigmatiyanov A. The effect of an energy additive on the metabolism of cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2021; 85:210-217. [PMID: 34248266 PMCID: PMC8243801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an energy additive on the metabolism of cattle. This article provides information on the analysis of the diet of young cattle calculated for when the animals were both indoors and outdoors. The ration was prepared for 40 heifers, divided into 4 groups consisting of 10 animals in each group. Three of these groups were fed different amounts of a high-energy additive, which was not fed to the control group. The effectiveness of the additive was analyzed according to the balance experiment and by calculating digestibility coefficients. It was determined that the percentage of nitrogen use in young animals was higher in the groups that were fed the additive than in the control group. Increasing the dose of the additive increased the level of nitrogen use. Comparative analysis of live weight indicated intergroup differences in favor of heifers in the groups that were fed the additive of 1.34% to 2.41% at the age of 9 mo; 2.51% to 4.16% at 12 mo; 3.14% to 5.46% at 15 mo; and 3.57% to 6.30% at 18 mo. The average daily growth dynamics indicated a gradual increase in all animals up to 15 mo, with a slight decrease by 18 mo of age. The difference among the groups ranged from 5.08% to 8.85% at 6 to 9 mo of age; 7.08% to 10.79% at 9 to 12 mo; 5.64% to 10.97% at 12 to 15 mo; and 6.05% to 11.11% at 18 mo. It was concluded that feeding the energy additive Tanrem to heifers increased their metabolism so that nitrogen use was improved, and feed was digested more efficiently, which in turn improved the growth of animals. Using an energy additive at the mid-range dose of 500 g a day per animal is recommended, since the effect was similar at the mid-range and maximum dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Nafikova
- Department of Technologies of Meat, Dairy Products and Chemistry (Nafikova, Mironova), Department of Life Safety and Process Equipment (Gazeev), and Department of Technology Catering and Processing of Vegetable Raw Materials (Nigmatiyanov), Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University," 50-letia Octyabrya Str., 34, Ufa, 450099, Russia; Department for Information Technologies in Agricultural Production, Institute of Technical Support of Agriculture (ITSA) - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center (FSAC) VIM," Ryazan, Russia (Blagov)
| | - Irina Mironova
- Department of Technologies of Meat, Dairy Products and Chemistry (Nafikova, Mironova), Department of Life Safety and Process Equipment (Gazeev), and Department of Technology Catering and Processing of Vegetable Raw Materials (Nigmatiyanov), Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University," 50-letia Octyabrya Str., 34, Ufa, 450099, Russia; Department for Information Technologies in Agricultural Production, Institute of Technical Support of Agriculture (ITSA) - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center (FSAC) VIM," Ryazan, Russia (Blagov)
| | - Igor Gazeev
- Department of Technologies of Meat, Dairy Products and Chemistry (Nafikova, Mironova), Department of Life Safety and Process Equipment (Gazeev), and Department of Technology Catering and Processing of Vegetable Raw Materials (Nigmatiyanov), Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University," 50-letia Octyabrya Str., 34, Ufa, 450099, Russia; Department for Information Technologies in Agricultural Production, Institute of Technical Support of Agriculture (ITSA) - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center (FSAC) VIM," Ryazan, Russia (Blagov)
| | - Dmitry Blagov
- Department of Technologies of Meat, Dairy Products and Chemistry (Nafikova, Mironova), Department of Life Safety and Process Equipment (Gazeev), and Department of Technology Catering and Processing of Vegetable Raw Materials (Nigmatiyanov), Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University," 50-letia Octyabrya Str., 34, Ufa, 450099, Russia; Department for Information Technologies in Agricultural Production, Institute of Technical Support of Agriculture (ITSA) - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center (FSAC) VIM," Ryazan, Russia (Blagov)
| | - Azat Nigmatiyanov
- Department of Technologies of Meat, Dairy Products and Chemistry (Nafikova, Mironova), Department of Life Safety and Process Equipment (Gazeev), and Department of Technology Catering and Processing of Vegetable Raw Materials (Nigmatiyanov), Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University," 50-letia Octyabrya Str., 34, Ufa, 450099, Russia; Department for Information Technologies in Agricultural Production, Institute of Technical Support of Agriculture (ITSA) - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center (FSAC) VIM," Ryazan, Russia (Blagov)
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Lima LDO, Souza VCD, Messana JD, Castagnino PDS, Lima ARC, Berchielli TT. Phosphorus supplementation does not affect the intake, digestibility, and meat quality of Nellore young bulls fed with high-grain diets. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.50347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of phosphorus (P) supplementation on the intake, digestibility, and quality of aged meat from Nellore young bulls fed on high-grain diets finished in feedlot. Forty young bulls (30 months old) with an initial body weight (IBW) of 296 ± 25 kg were used. It was distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The treatments were: without P supplementation (CO), commercial mineral supplement (CM), and supplementation with dicalcium phosphate (DP) with 2.4, 4.2, or 5.0 g of P per kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. Diets were composed of sugarcane bagasse (200 g kg-1) plus concentrate (800 g kg-1) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The meat quality parameters analyzed were pH, color, cooking losses, shear force, and water-holding capacity. P supplementation did not affect the intake and digestibility of nutrients There was no interaction (p > 0.05%) between diets and the aging time for the meat quality parameters. However, bulls fed with DP exhibited lower pH (5.98) compared to CO and CM (6.19 and 6.14, respectively). The longer aging time increased the cooking losses and intensity of yellow (b*). Under Brazilian conditions, feedlot Nellore cattle fed with high-grain diets do not require additional mineral supplements.
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Shim S, Won S, Reza A, Kim S, Ahn S, Jung B, Yoon B, Ra C. In Vivo Toxicity and In Vitro Solubility Assessment of Pre-Treated Struvite as A Potential Alternative Phosphorus Source in Animal Feed. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100785. [PMID: 31614549 PMCID: PMC6826386 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from using as fertilizer for plants, the application of struvite may be expanded to animal feed industries through proper pre-treatment. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of using pre-treated struvite (microwave irradiated struvite (MS) and incinerated struvite (IS)) in animal feeds. For safety assessment, an in vivo toxicity experiment using thirty female Sprague Dawley rats (average body weight (BW) of 200 ± 10 g) was conducted. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, including a control. Based on the BW, MS and IS were applied daily by oral administration with 1 and 10 mg kg-1-BW (MS1 and MS10; IS1 and IS10) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle. A series of jar tests were conducted for four hours to check the solubility of the MS and IS at different pH (pH 2, 4, and 5) and compared to a commercial P source (monocalcium phosphate, MCP, control). The toxicity experiment results showed no significant differences among the treatments in BW and organ (liver, kidney, heart, and lung) weight of rats (p > 0.05). There were no adverse effects on blood parameters and the histopathological examination showed no inflammation in the organ tissues in MS and IS treated groups compared to the control. In an in vitro solubility test, no significant difference was observed in ortho-phosphate (O-P) solubility from the MCP and MS at pH 2 and 4 (p > 0.05), while O-P solubility from MS at pH 5 to 7 was higher than MCP and found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). O-P solubility from IS was the lowest among the treatments and significantly different from MCP and MS in all the experiments (p < 0.05). The results of this study not only suggest that the struvite pre-treated as MS could be a potential alternative source of P in animal feed but also motivate further studies with more stringent designs to better examine the potential of struvite application in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Shim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Seunggun Won
- Department of Animal Resources, College of Life and Environmental Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - Arif Reza
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Sungil Ahn
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Baedong Jung
- Department of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Byungil Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Changsix Ra
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
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Morris D, Kim S, Lee C. Effects of corn feeding reduced-fat distillers grains with or without monensin on nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur utilization and excretion in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7106-7116. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang B, Wang C, Liu H, Liu J, Liu H. Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy heifers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:386-391. [PMID: 27554361 PMCID: PMC5337918 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Protein supplementation is costly and can result in excess nitrogen (N) excretion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of dietary protein on average daily gain, body size, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen excretion of 8 to 10 month-old Holstein heifers. Methods Thirty-six Holstein heifers were divided into 12 blocks according to age (273±6.2 d) and were randomly assigned to diets containing a low (10.2% dry matter [DM]), medium (11.9% DM), or high (13.5% DM) level of dietary crude protein (CP). All diets contained approximately 70% roughage and 30% concentrate with similar dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content (2.47 Mcal/kg). Results Dry matter intake did not differ among the treatments, and average daily gain increased with the increasing dietary protein, 0.79, 0.95, 0.97 kg/d for low, medium, and high group, respectively. Body height increased linearly with increasing dietary CP but no other significant differences in body dimensions were found among the treatments. The increased ratios of dietary CP improved the rate of rear teat length growth remarkably (p<0.05). There was no difference in rumen pH or ruminal major volatile fatty acid (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) concentration among the 3 diets, but rumen ammonia-N concentration increased with the higher dietary CP (p<0.05). Increasing N intake led to increased total N excretion; urinary N excretion was significantly increased (p<0.05) but fecal N excretion was similar among the treatments. Conclusion These data suggest that the diet containing 11.9% CP (ME 2.47 Mcal/kg) could meet the maintenance and growth requirements of 9 to 11 month-old Holstein heifers gaining approximately 0.9 kg/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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