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Matika O, Robledo D, Pong-Wong R, Bishop SC, Riggio V, Finlayson H, Lowe NR, Hoste AE, Walling GA, del-Pozo J, Archibald AL, Woolliams JA, Houston RD. Balancing selection at a premature stop mutation in the myostatin gene underlies a recessive leg weakness syndrome in pigs. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007759. [PMID: 30699111 PMCID: PMC6370237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing selection provides a plausible explanation for the maintenance of deleterious alleles at moderate frequency in livestock, including lethal recessives exhibiting heterozygous advantage in carriers. In the current study, a leg weakness syndrome causing mortality of piglets in a commercial line showed monogenic recessive inheritance, and a region on chromosome 15 associated with the syndrome was identified by homozygosity mapping. Whole genome resequencing of cases and controls identified a mutation causing a premature stop codon within exon 3 of the porcine Myostatin (MSTN) gene, similar to those causing a double-muscling phenotype observed in several mammalian species. The MSTN mutation was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population at birth, but significantly distorted amongst animals still in the herd at 110 kg, due to an absence of homozygous mutant genotypes. In heterozygous form, the MSTN mutation was associated with a major increase in muscle depth and decrease in fat depth, suggesting that the deleterious allele was maintained at moderate frequency due to heterozygous advantage (allele frequency, q = 0.22). Knockout of the porcine MSTN by gene editing has previously been linked to problems of low piglet survival and lameness. This MSTN mutation is an example of putative balancing selection in livestock, providing a plausible explanation for the lack of disrupting MSTN mutations in pigs despite many generations of selection for lean growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswald Matika
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Pong-Wong
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. Bishop
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Riggio
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Finlayson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie R. Lowe
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | - Grant A. Walling
- JSR Genetics, Southburn, Driffield, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge del-Pozo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Alan L. Archibald
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Ross D. Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Just F, Reyer H, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, Oster M, Wimmers K. Genetic variants of major genes contributing to phosphate and calcium homeostasis and their association with serum parameters in pigs. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:325-333. [PMID: 29931419 PMCID: PMC6061000 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and phosphorus are irreplaceable components of life. Tracking the fate of calcium and phosphorus in organisms deserves high attention due to their relevance in bone metabolism and subsequently animal health. Indeed, bone serves as reservoir for calcium and phosphorus, whose formation and resorption follow specific molecular routes including hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. The objective of the study was to analyze the genetic variation of major components driving mineral utilization such as calcitonin receptor, calcium sensing receptor, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), parathyroid hormone receptor, osteopontin, stanniocalcin 1, RAF-type zinc finger domain containing 1 (TRAFD1), and vitamin D receptor. A German Landrace pig population (n = 360) was used to perform an association analysis between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and relevant serum parameters (calcium, phosphorus, calcium/phosphorus ratio, alkaline phosphatase). Analyzed SNPs in FGF23 (rs710498025) and TRAFD1 (rs345195312) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with the serum calcium/phosphorus ratio and serum phosphorus levels, respectively. This might represent a modulation of the homeostatic balance between calcium and phosphorus. Furthermore, TRAFD1 is known to be involved in skeletal disorders which emphasize its link to phosphorus utilization and immune system. However, none of the analyzed genetic variants of these major regulators of phosphate and calcium homeostasis showed significant associations after correction for multiple testing (q value > 0.05). Thus, minor contributors as well as unknown and yet to be elucidated regulators of mineral homeostasis need to be characterized towards the implementation of improved phosphorus efficiency in pig breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Just
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. .,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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Wang S, Zhang P, Kong X, Xie S, Li Q, Li Z, Zhou Z. Delicate changes of bioapatite mineral in pig femur with addition of dietary xylooligosaccharide: Evidences from Raman spectroscopy and ICP. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1820-1826. [PMID: 28557169 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral is strongly correlated with performance and health of animal bodies. The mineral bioapatite (BAp) is the dominant component in bone tissue. This study investigated mineralogical changes of BAp in pig femur by Raman spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The pigs had been raised with various xylooligosaccharide (XOS) additions at two stages of growth (growing and fattening periods). The results show that XOS can decrease the degree of carbonate substitution for PO4 in BAp mineral and improve the mineral's crystallinity. ICP data is consistent with the Raman results, that is the low solubility of bone BAp for pigs fed with XOS. Additionally, the effect of XOS is much better in the growing period (before 65 kg) than in the fattening period (after 65 kg). Moreover, the high addition of XOS (within the range of 0.1-0.5 g/kg) would be appropriate to improve the crystallinity of bone BAp. This study sheds light on applying Raman and ICP techniques to investigate the delicate changes of mineral in pig bones undergoing different managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Penghao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shengda Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Rothammer S, Bernau M, Kremer-Rücker PV, Medugorac I, Scholz AM. Genome-wide QTL mapping results for regional DXA body composition and bone mineral density traits in pigs. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-51-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. In a previous study, genome-wide mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for five body composition traits, three bone mineral traits and live weight was performed using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data. Since QTL for bone mineral traits were rare, the current study aimed to clarify whether the mapping results were influenced by the analysed body regions. Thus, the same material (551 pigs) and methods as in the whole-body QTL mapping study were used. However, for evaluation of the DXA scans, we manually defined two body regions: (i) from the last ribs to the pelvis (A) and (ii) including the pelvis and the hind limbs (P). Since live weight was not affected by the regional analysis, it was omitted from the QTL mapping design. Our results show an overall high consistency of mapping results especially for body composition traits. Two thirds of the initial whole-body QTL are significant for both A and P. Possible causes for the still low number of bone mineral QTL and the lower consistency found for these traits are discussed. For body composition traits, the data presented here show high genome-wide Pearson correlations between mapping results that are based on DXA scans with the time-saving whole-body standard setting and mapping results for DXA data that were obtained by time-consuming manual definition of the regions of interest. However, our results also suggest that whole-body or regional DXA scans might generally be less suitable for mapping of bone mineral traits in pigs. An analysis of single reference bones could be more useful.
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Rothammer S, Kremer PV, Bernau M, Fernandez-Figares I, Pfister-Schär J, Medugorac I, Scholz AM. Genome-wide QTL mapping of nine body composition and bone mineral density traits in pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2014; 46:68. [PMID: 25359100 PMCID: PMC4210560 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-014-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the pig is one of the most important livestock animals worldwide, mapping loci that are associated with economically important traits and/or traits that influence animal welfare is extremely relevant for efficient future pig breeding. Therefore, the purpose of this study was a genome-wide mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with nine body composition and bone mineral traits: absolute (Fat, Lean) and percentage (FatPC, LeanPC) fat and lean mass, live weight (Weight), soft tissue X-ray attenuation coefficient (R), absolute (BMC) and percentage (BMCPC) bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods Data on the nine traits investigated were obtained by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for 551 pigs that were between 160 and 200 days old. In addition, all pigs were genotyped using Illumina’s PorcineSNP60 Genotyping BeadChip. Based on these data, a genome-wide combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis was conducted. Thus, we used 44 611 sliding windows that each consisted of 20 adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For the middle of each sliding window a variance component analysis was carried out using ASReml. The underlying mixed linear model included random QTL and polygenic effects, with fixed effects of sex, housing, season and age. Results Using a Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significance threshold of P < 0.001, significant peaks were identified for all traits except BMCPC. Overall, we identified 72 QTL on 16 chromosomes, of which 24 were significantly associated with one trait only and the remaining with more than one trait. For example, a QTL on chromosome 2 included the highest peak across the genome for four traits (Fat, FatPC, LeanPC and R). The nearby gene, ZNF608, is known to be associated with body mass index in humans and involved in starvation in Drosophila, which makes it an extremely good candidate gene for this QTL. Conclusions Our QTL mapping approach identified 72 QTL, some of which confirmed results of previous studies in pigs. However, we also detected significant associations that have not been published before and were able to identify a number of new and promising candidate genes, such as ZNF608. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-014-0068-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivica Medugorac
- Chair of Animal Genetics and Husbandry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, Munich, 80539, Germany.
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van Riet M, Millet S, Aluwé M, Janssens G. Impact of nutrition on lameness and claw health in sows. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rangkasenee N, Murani E, Schellander K, Cinar MU, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Gene expression profiling of articular cartilage reveals functional pathways and networks of candidate genes for osteochondrosis in pigs. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:856-65. [PMID: 23922127 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a joint disorder that frequently causes leg weakness in growing pigs, resulting in welfare problems and economic losses. We aimed to detect molecular pathways relevant to the emergence of the disease and to identify candidate genes for the liability to the disorder. Therefore, we compared microarray-based expression patterns of articular cartilage with (n=11) and without (n=11) histologically diagnosed OC lesions obtained from discordant sib-pairs. A total of 1,564 genes were found with different transcript abundance [differentially expressed (DE) genes] at q≤0.05. To further identify candidate genes, we integrated data from quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genome-wide association (GWA) studies with the expression analysis. We detected 317 DE genes within the QTL confidence intervals, of which 26 DE genes also overlapped GWA regions. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggests a pathogenic role of immune response, angiogenesis, and synthesis of extracellular matrix pathways for OC. These processes could facilitate the emergence of defects. But they may also promote the degradation of articular cartilage and the worsening of the disease. A functional network was derived that comprised genes with functional and positional clues of their role in bone and cartilage metabolisms and development, including extracellular matrix genes (e.g., LOX, OGN, and ASPN), angiogenesis genes (e.g., ANGPTL4 and PDGFA), and immune response genes (e.g., ICAM1, AZGP1, C1QB, C1QC, PDE4B, and CDA). The study identified molecular processes linked to OC and several genes with positional, genetic-statistical, and functional evidence for their role in the emergence of articular cartilage lesions and the liability to OC.
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Abstract
Recently, the French National Institute for Agricultural Research appointed an expert committee to review the issue of pain in food-producing farm animals. To minimise pain, the authors developed a '3S' approach accounting for 'Suppress, Substitute and Soothe' by analogy with the '3Rs' approach of 'Reduction, Refinement and Replacement' applied in the context of animal experimentation. Thus, when addressing the matter of pain, the following steps and solutions could be assessed, in the light of their feasibility (technical constraints, logistics and regulations), acceptability (societal and financial aspects) and availability. The first solution is to suppress any source of pain that brings no obvious advantage to the animals or the producers, as well as sources of pain for which potential benefits are largely exceeded by the negative effects. For instance, tail docking of cattle has recently been eliminated. Genetic selection on the basis of resistance criteria (as e.g. for lameness in cattle and poultry) or reduction of undesirable traits (e.g. boar taint in pigs) may also reduce painful conditions or procedures. The second solution is to substitute a technique causing pain by another less-painful method. For example, if dehorning cattle is unavoidable, it is preferable to perform it at a very young age, cauterising the horn bud. Animal management and constraint systems should be designed to reduce the risk for injury and bruising. Lastly, in situations where pain is known to be present, because of animal management procedures such as dehorning or castration, or because of pathology, for example lameness, systemic or local pharmacological treatments should be used to soothe pain. These treatments should take into account the duration of pain, which, in the case of some management procedures or diseases, may persist for longer periods. The administration of pain medication may require the intervention of veterinarians, but exemptions exist where breeders are allowed to use local anaesthesia (e.g. castration and dehorning in Switzerland). Extension of such exemptions, national or European legislation on pain management, or the introduction of animal welfare codes by retailers into their meat products may help further developments. In addition, veterinarians and farmers should be given the necessary tools and information to take into account animal pain in their management decisions.
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Abstract
The liability to lesions of dysfunctions of bone and joints in pigs, summarized as leg weakness and mostly expressed as osteochondrosis, is an animal welfare and economic issue in pig production. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms in the functional and positional candidate genes keratin 8 (KRT8), Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) and parathyroid hormone type I receptor (PTH1R) and to evaluate their association with leg weakness traits. Therefore, osteochondrosis lesions were scored in animals of a Duroc × Pietrain F2 population (DuPi; n = 310) and commercial herds of the breed Large White (n = 298). In addition, bone mineralization traits were observed in DuPi population. SNPs were identified in genes KRT8 (g.8,039G > A), FAF1 (g.380,914T > C) and PTH1R (c.1,672C > T). KRT8 showed significant association with bone mineral density and content (P ≤ 0.05). FAF1 was association with OC lesions score of all joints inspected (P ≤ 0.05). PTH1R showed significant dominance effects on OC lesion scores of the distal femur articular cartilage (P = 0.01) and epiphysis of the distal ulna (P = 0.05) as well as sums of scores of all joints (OCsum, P = 0.04) and assignment to groups of either severely or gently affected animals (OCcat, P = 0.01). This study reveals clear genetic-statistical evidence for a link of KRT8, FAF1 and PTH1R with some of leg weakness related traits in pigs.
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Sugiyama T, Kusuhara S, Chung TK, Yonekura H, Azem E, Hayakawa T. Effects of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol on the development of osteochondrosis in swine. Anim Sci J 2012; 84:341-9. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Yonekura
- Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock; National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations; Tsukuba
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de Koning DB, van Grevenhof EM, Laurenssen BFA, Ducro BJ, Heuven HCM, de Groot PN, Hazeleger W, Kemp B. Associations between osteochondrosis and conformation and locomotive characteristics in pigs. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:4752-63. [PMID: 22871924 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformation and locomotive characteristics (CLC; i.e., leg conformation and gait movement patterns) may be associated with osteochondrosis (OC) in pigs. Osteochondrosis and CLC increase the risk of premature culling. This study investigated whether CLC have an explanatory value, over the previously modeled effects of sex, feeding, and housing conditions, on the occurrence and severity of OC in several joints and at the animal level. At 154 to 156 d of age, 267 pigs were subjectively scored on 9 conformation and 2 locomotive characteristics. Scoring was performed on a 9-point linear grading scale. For conformation characteristics, score 5 indicated normal conformation and scores 1 and 9 indicated severe deviations from normal. For the locomotive characteristics, score 1 indicated normal locomotion and score 9 indicated severe deviation from normal. At 161 to 176 d of age, pigs were slaughtered and joints were dissected for macroscopic evaluation of OC status. Results showed that swaying hindquarters and a stiffer gait were associated with greater scores for OC in, respectively, the femoropatellar (P = 0.018) and tarsocrural joint (P = 0.005), smaller inner claws as compared with the outer claws of the front legs was associated with lower scores for OC than equally sized claws in the femoropatellar joint (P = 0.021) and on animal level (P = 0.010), steep and weak pasterns of the front legs were associated with greater scores for OC in the elbow joint (P = 0.004) and on animal level (P = 0.018), X-shaped hind legs was associated with greater scores for OC on animal level (P = 0.037), and steep and weak pasterns of the hind legs were associated with lower scores for OC than normal conformation in the tarsocrural joint (P = 0.05). This study found several CLC that were associated with OC in several joints and at an animal level. This study showed that certain CLC might be used as indicators of OC and included in the criteria for selection of replacement animals for the breeding herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B de Koning
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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UEMOTO Y, SATO S, OHNISHI C, HIROSE K, KAMEYAMA K, FUKAWA K, KUDO O, KOBAYASHI E. Quantitative trait loci for leg weakness traits in a Landrace purebred population. Anim Sci J 2010; 81:28-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2009.00713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ytrehus B, Grindflek E, Teige J, Stubsjøen E, Grøndalen T, Carlson CS, Ekman S. The Effect of Parentage on the Prevalence, Severity and Location of Lesions of Osteochondrosis in Swine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 51:188-95. [PMID: 15265176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the effects of parentage and gender on the prevalence, severity and location of lesions of osteochondrosis manifesta (OCM) and osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) in offspring from different Norwegian Landrace boars and to examine the relationships between lesion characteristics and selected growth parameters. Fifteen sires were selected based on their high breeding value for osteochondrosis. Seven locations in the distal humerus and the distal femur from 1680 offspring of these animals were evaluated for severity of OCM and presence of OCD by gross examination of serially sectioned humeri and femora. Osteochondrosis manifesta was most prevalent in the trochlea of humerus, the sagittal ridge of humerus, the medial condyle of femur and the medial sulcus obliquus of femur. The severity of the lesions and the prevalence of OCD were highest in the trochlea and the sagittal ridge of humerus. Castrates had significantly higher OCM scores than sows. There were significant effects of both sire and dam on the OCM scores of the offspring in most locations; however, growth rate and weight at slaughter did not influence the OCM score.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ytrehus
- Division of Pathology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
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