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Palanisamy V, PC S, Pineda L, Han Y. Effect of supplementing hydroxy trace minerals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) on egg quality and performance of laying hens under tropical conditions. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1709-1717. [PMID: 37402462 PMCID: PMC10623049 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pivotal study was designed to investigate the effect of Hydroxy (HYC) Cu, Zn, and Mn on egg quality and laying performance of chickens under tropical conditions. METHODS A total of 1,260 Babcock White laying hens (20-wk-old) were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments with 15 replicates of 21 hens each in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The birds were reared for 16 weeks and were fed the corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with one of the following mineral treatments: T1, inorganic (INO, 15 ppm CuSO4, 80ppm MnSO4 and 80 ppm ZnO); T2, Hydroxy-nutritional level (HYC-Nut, 15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Mn, 80 ppm Zn from Hydroxy); T3, Hydroxy-Low (HYC-Low, 15 ppm Cu, 60 ppm Mn, 60 ppm Zn from Hydroxy); T4, Hydroxy plus inorganic (HYC+INO, 7.5 ppm HYC Cu+7.5 ppm CuSO4, 40 ppm HYC ZnO+40 ppm ZnSO4, 40 ppm HYC Mn+40 ppm MnSO4). The egg production was recorded daily, while the feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg mass were determined at the end of each laying period. The egg quality parameters were assayed in eggs collected over 48 h in each laying period. RESULTS Overall, no significant effect of treatments was observed on percent egg production, egg weight and FCR (p>0.05). Feed intake was significantly lower in birds fed Hydroxy plus inorganic (p<0.05) diet. The supplementation of HYC-Low significantly increased the egg mass compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). HYC supplementation alone or in combination with INO elicited a positive effect on shell thickness, shell weight, shell weight per unit surface area, yolk colour, albumen and yolk index for a certain period (p<0.05), but not throughout the whole laying period. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation of HYC-Low (15-60-60 mg/kg) showed similar effects on production performance and egg quality characteristics in laying hens as compared to 15-80-80 mg/kg of Cu-Zn-Mn from inorganic sources. This indicates that sulphate based inorganic trace minerals can effectively be substituted by lower concentration of hydroxyl minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasan Palanisamy
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tamil Nadu 637002,
India
| | - Sakthivel PC
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tamil Nadu 637002,
India
| | - Lane Pineda
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3811, MH Amersfoort,
The Netherlands
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3811, MH Amersfoort,
The Netherlands
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Haldar S, Dhara AK, Sihi Arora S, Verma Mukherjee A, Nayak A. Copper Super-Dosing Improves Performance of Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens through Modulation of Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokine Genes. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:3559234. [PMID: 37736129 PMCID: PMC10511294 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3559234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous exposure to high ambient temperatures brings about a number of oxidative damages in chickens. Copper (Cu), an active component of a number of antioxidative defence components, should arrest these changes to take place although that may not be possible under the standard dosing regimen followed by the industry. To ascertain the optimum dose response that may be beneficial in sustaining the performance of chickens under heat stress (HS), broiler chickens (n = 400) were exposed to high ambient temperature (between 27.2°C and 35.3°C) during 1-35 d. Copper (Cu) as Cu proteinate (Cu-P) at concentrations of 37.5, 75, 112.5, and 150 mg/kg was supplemented to the diet. The negative control (NC) diet did not contain any supplemental Cu. Increasing dietary Cu improved (P < 0.001) body weight, feed intake, and conversion ratio. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol at 21 d (P = 0.009), HDL cholesterol at 35 d (P = 0.008), LDL cholesterol at 21 d (P = 0.015), and triacylglycerol at both 21 d (P = 0.033) and 35 d (P = 0.001) decreased as Cu in the diet increased. As Cu in the diet increased, hemoglobin increased (P = 0.003) at 21 d, and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio decreased both at 21 d (P = 0.047) and 35 d (P = 0.001). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased when dietary Cu increased to 150 mg/kg (P < 0.01). Liver Cu at 35 d increased linearly with the dose of Cu in the diet (P = 0.0001). Selected bacteria were enumerated in the digesta to ascertain if Cu super-dosing affected their population in any way in the absence of any enteric challenge. Escherichia coli and total Salmonella numbers decreased (P = 0.0001), and total Lactobacillus increased (P = 0.0001) proportionately with dietary Cu. Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α gene expression increased linearly (P = 0.0001) as Cu in the diet increased though the response plateaued at 112.5 mg/kg. It was concluded from the present experiment that during conditions of impending HS, dietary supplementation of 112.5 to 150 mg Cu/kg diet as Cu-P may be a novel strategy to alleviate the negative effects of HS without involving any apparent risk of Cu toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Haldar
- Agrivet Research and Advisory Pvt Ltd., 714 Block A Lake Town, Kolkata 700089, India
| | - Amrita Kumar Dhara
- Agrivet Research and Advisory Pvt Ltd., 714 Block A Lake Town, Kolkata 700089, India
| | - Sayantani Sihi Arora
- Agrivet Research and Advisory Pvt Ltd., 714 Block A Lake Town, Kolkata 700089, India
| | | | - Arup Nayak
- Agrivet Research and Advisory Pvt Ltd., 714 Block A Lake Town, Kolkata 700089, India
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Deo C, Biswas A, Sharma D, Tiwari AK. Effects of Different Concentration of Copper on Performance, Immunity and Carcass Traits in Broiler Japanese Quails. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03526-7. [PMID: 36525213 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of dietary copper supplements on broiler Japanese quail growth performance, immune response, blood biochemistry, and carcass quality were examined. Two copper sources (copper sulphate-CuS, and copper methionine-CuM), each at five distinct dietary dosages of 5, 10, 15, 100, and 150 mg/kg, were used. A total of 280 (10 × 4 × 7) day-old quail chicks of uniform body weight were randomly distributed into 10 treatments with 4 replicates each and having 7 chicks in each replicate. In comparison to CuS-supplemented diets, CuM-supplemented diets (100 mg Cu/kg diet) considerably (P ≤ 0.01) increased body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). In the 150-mg CuM/kg diet, the cell-mediated immune response (foot web index to PHAP) was considerably (P ≤ 0.01) greater. The humoral immune response (HA titre to SRBC) was substantially (P ≤ 0.01) lower with CuS-supplemented meals than with CuM-supplemented diets. When compared to CuS source, the weight of the bursa and spleen from CuM source was considerably (P ≤ 0.01) higher. The 100- and 150-mg CuM/kg diets considerably (P ≤ 0.01) reduced serum cholesterol levels. Thus, it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of copper methionine as a source of Cu @ 100 mg Cu/kg diet to broiler Japanese quails was more effective in improving growth performance, immunological response, carcass quality features, and serum cholesterol reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Deo
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Avishek Biswas
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - Divya Sharma
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
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Byrne L, Murphy RA. Relative Bioavailability of Trace Minerals in Production Animal Nutrition: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1981. [PMID: 35953970 PMCID: PMC9367456 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of dietary supplementation of animal feeds with trace minerals is irrefutable, with various forms of both organic and inorganic products commercially available. With advances in research techniques, and data obtained from both in-vitro and in-vivo studies in recent years, differences between inorganic and organic trace minerals have become more apparent. Furthermore, differences between specific organic mineral types can now be identified. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, we carried out an extensive literature search on previously published studies detailing performance responses to trace minerals, in addition to their corresponding relative bioavailability values. This review covers four of the main trace minerals included in feed: copper, iron, manganese and zinc, and encompasses the different types of organic and inorganic products commercially available. Their impact from environmental, economic, and nutritional perspectives are discussed, along with the biological availability of various mineral forms in production animals. Species-specific sections cover ruminants, poultry, and swine. Extensive relative bioavailability tables cover values for all trace mineral products commercially available, including those not previously reviewed in earlier studies, thereby providing a comprehensive industry reference guide. Additionally, we examine reasons for variance in reported relative bioavailability values, with an emphasis on accounting for data misinterpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurann Byrne
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, A86 X006 Co. Meath, Ireland
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Broiler responses to copper levels and sources: growth, tissue mineral content, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:223. [PMID: 35698226 PMCID: PMC9195228 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five hundred 8-d old male broilers Cobb500 were randomly allotted into 10 treatments in factorial arrangement with 5 Cu levels (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg), and 2 sources (Cu proteinate, CuPro and Cu sulphate, CuSO4.5H2O) for a 10-d-experiment. RESULTS Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (P < 0.05) in CuPro fed chicks compared with CuSO4.5H2O group. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary Cu increased. A quadratic response (P < 0.05) to Cu levels was found for FCR, being optimized at 9.87 and 8.84 mg Cu/kg in CuPro and CuSO4.5H2O diets, respectively. Copper supplementation linearly increased liver Cu content (P < 0.05) and tended to linearly increase (P = 0.07) phosphorus (P) and copper in tibia. Manganese and zinc were higher (P < 0.05) in tibia of CuPro fed birds. Broilers fed CuPro exhibited lower liver iron (P < 0.05) content, lower activities of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in breast muscle and liver, and glutathione peroxidase in liver. Glutathione peroxidase reduced linearly (P < 0.05) with CuPro levels and increased linearly (P < 0.05) with CuSO4.5H2O levels and were lower (P < 0.05) in all CuPro levels in breast muscle. Breast muscle malondialdehyde concentration tended to be higher (P = 0.08) in broilers fed CuSO4.5H2O. Copper levels linearly increased (P < 0.05) metallothionein (MT) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) expression in liver, and six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-1 (STEAP-1) in the intestine. Copper elicited a quadratic response (P < 0.050) in AKT-1 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in breast muscle, CuZnSOD in liver and antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (ATOX 1) in intestine. Broilers fed CuPro exhibited higher mRNA expression of mTOR in muscle breast and lower CuZnSOD in liver and ATOX 1 in intestine. Interaction (P < 0.05) between levels and sources was found in mRNA expression for GSK-3β, MT, and CuZnSOD in breast muscle, FAS and LPL in liver and MT and CTR1 in intestine. CONCLUSIONS CuPro showed beneficial effects on feed conversion and bone mineralization. Organic and inorganic Cu requirements are 9.87 and 8.84 mg Cu/kg, respectively.
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Wu M, Zhi M, Liu Y, Han J, Qin Y. In situ analysis of copper speciation during in vitro digestion: Differences between copper in drinking water and food. Food Chem 2022; 371:131388. [PMID: 34808779 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the safety of copper in drinking water has increasingly been questioned. Copper speciation is an important factor that affects its bioavailability and toxicity; thus, it is critical to investigate the speciation of copper that is ingested from food and drinking water during in vitro digestion. After digestion, water- and food-derived copper formed 60 ± 4% 0.1-1 kDa and 49 ± 6% 10-1,000 kDa copper complexes, respectively. Under simulated fasting drinking water conditions, up to 90 ± 2% 0.1-1 kDa copper complexes formed. In addition, using ion selective electrode analysis, water-derived copper was detected that contained higher Cu2+ concentrations after digestion than those of food-derived copper. These results indicate that water-derived copper forms smaller-sized species and exhibits higher Cu2+ concentrations during digestion than those of food-derived copper, thereby highlighting the importance of reassessing the safety limit for copper in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute. Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhi
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute. Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute. Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, PR China
| | - Yumei Qin
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, PR China.
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Hashem MA, Abd El Hamied SS, Ahmed EMA, Amer SA, Hassan AM. Alleviating Effects of Vitamins C and E Supplementation on Oxidative Stress, Hematobiochemical, and Histopathological Alterations Caused by Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061739. [PMID: 34200884 PMCID: PMC8230424 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Excessive copper in diets is associated with numerous disadvantageous impacts on poultry. The current study evaluated the efficacy of vitamin C and vitamin E in mitigating oxidative stress, hematobiochemical, and histopathological changes in the kidney induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4) toxicity in broiler chickens. The birds were assigned to five experimental groups: 1st group—basal diet with no additives (control group), 2nd group—basal diet complemented with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet), 3rd group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), 4th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), and 5th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet). The current study’s findings showed the possible preventive impacts of dietary antioxidants on hematobiochemical alterations, oxidative stress, and kidney damage induced by CuSO4 toxicity. Abstract The current investigation evaluated the alleviating effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative stress, hematobiochemical, and histopathological changes in the kidney induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4) toxicity in chickens. Two hundred and fifty-one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five experimental groups (five replicates/group, ten chicks/replicate): 1st group—basal diet with no additives (control group), 2nd group—basal diet complemented with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet), 3rd group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), 4th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), and 5th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet) for a 42 day feeding period. The results showed a significant reduction in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hematocrit values as well as total leukocyte counts (WBCs), lymphocyte, heterophil, and monocyte counts in the CuSO4-intoxicated birds (2.42 × 106/µL, 9.54 g/dL, 26.02%, 15.80 × 103/µL, 7.86 × 103/µL, 5.26 × 103/µL, and 1.18 × 103/µL, respectively, at the 6th week) compared to (2.79 × 106/µL, 10.98 g/dL, 28.46%, 21.07 × 103/µL, 10.84 × 103/µL, 7.12 × 103/µL, and 1.60 × 103/µL, respectively) in the control group. Moreover, CuSO4-intoxicated birds showed hypoglycemia with a rise in serum uric acid and creatinine levels (122.68, 5.18, and 0.78 mg/dL at the 6th week) compared to (159.46, 4.41, and 0.61 mg/dL) in the control group. The CuSO4 toxicity in birds induced oxidative stress, indicated by a high serum malondialdehyde level (MDA) and diminished activity of the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) (2.01 nmol/mL, 37.66 U/mL, and 2.91 U/mL, respectively, at the 6th week) compared to (1.34 nmol/mL, 57.00 U/mL, 4.99 U/mL, respectively) in the control group. High doses of Cu exposure caused severe microscopic alterations in kidney architecture. The addition of vitamins C and E, singularly or in combination, displayed a beneficial effect in alleviating these harmful effects of Cu toxicity. These findings showed the possible mitigating impacts of dietary antioxidants on the hematobiochemical alterations, oxidative stress, and kidney damage induced by CuSO4 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hashem
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | | | - Eman M. A. Ahmed
- Animal Health Institute, Zagazig Branch, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (S.S.A.E.H.); (E.M.A.A.)
| | - Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Aziza M. Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Hu X, Li X, Xiao C, Kong L, Zhu Q, Song Z. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Performance, Plasma Parameters, and Central AMPK Levels in Stressed Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681858. [PMID: 34124230 PMCID: PMC8192699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the effects of diets with different energy levels on the growth performance, plasma parameters, and central AMPK signaling pathway in broilers under dexamethasone (DEX)-induced stress. A total of 216 1-day-old male broiler chickens were allocated to groups fed with high (HED), National Research Council-recommended (control), or low (LED) energy diets. At 10 days old, chickens were treated with or without dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg body weight) for 3 consecutive days. HED increased broiler average daily gain (ADG) at 10 days old, compared with the LED (P < 0.05), while average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) decreased as the dietary energy level increased (P < 0.05). Chickens fed a HED had higher total protein (TP) content, albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). At 13 days old, DEX decreased ADG and increased FCR in broilers fed with different energy diets (P < 0.05). The DEX-HED group had a higher ADFI than non-DEX treated HED group chickens. In addition, TP, ALB, triglycerides (TG), TCHO, HDL, and LDL content levels in the DEX group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The uric acid (UA) content of the LED group was higher than that of the HED group (P < 0.05). Further, gene expression levels of liver kinase B1, AMP-activated protein kinase α1, neuropeptide Y, and GC receptor in the hypothalamus were increased in chickens treated with DEX (P < 0.05). There was a trend toward interaction between plasma TCHO and hypothalamic LKB1 expression (0.05 < P < 0.1). In conclusion, this study suggests that HED improves growth performance, plasma glucose and total cholesterol at 10 days old broilers, but had no significant effect on performance, plasma parameters, and central AMPK in stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Linglian Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qidong Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Effects of dietary energy level and 1,3-diacylglycerol on growth performance and carcass yield in broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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El-Kassas S, El-Naggar K, Abdo SE, Abdo W, Kirrella AAK, El-Mehaseeb I, Abu El-Magd M. Dietary supplementation with copper oxide nanoparticles ameliorates chronic heat stress in broiler chickens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aims Heat stress (HS) is one of the most serious problems of poultry production. Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in the organism defence against oxidative stress. Because of the low mineral availability of the commercial Cu salts, in a novel approach, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were used to alleviate chronic heat stress-induced degenerative changes in two commercial broiler strains (Ross 308 and Cobb 500). Methods Birds of each broiler strain were divided into six groups, with three replicates each. The first group (N1) received 100% of the recommended Cu requirements as CuO and was housed under normal temperature (24 ± 2°C), the second and third groups (N2 and N3 respectively) received 100% and 50% of the recommended Cu requirements as CuO-NPs and were housed under normal temperature. The fourth, fifth and sixth groups (H1, H2 and H3 respectively) received the same level of Cu supplementation as did the first, second and third groups respectively, and they were housed under normal temperature until the age of 21 days, and then exposed to HS (33 ± 2°C/5 h per day for two successive weeks). Key results Dietary supplementation with CuO-NPs during HS altered the HS-induced responses of the birds, as confirmed by decreased liver malondehyde (MDA) concentration and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) mRNA expression levels and enzyme activities (P < 0.001), with a distinct linear association between the gene expression level and enzyme activity. Copper oxide NPs also reduced HS-induced degenerative changes in the hepatic tissue. These nanoparticles modulated, although variably, liver HS protein 70 (HSP70), HS protein 90 (HSP90) and HS factor 3 (HSF3) mRNA transcript levels among Ross and Cobb chickens following HS (P < 0.001). Performance of both strains under HS was improved (as shown by a marked reduction in body temperature (P < 0.001) and a higher bodyweight (P < 0.01)) when CuO-NPs were supplemented in the diet, especially for the birds receiving 50% of the recommended Cu requirement, with different responses being noted in the two strains studied. Conclusion CuO-NPs could be used as a good alternative source of Cu in poultry nutrition during summer. Implications Dietary supplementation of CuO-NPs, especially at 50% of the birds’ recommended requirement, during heat stress could enhance bird performance, lower bird temperature and increase its resistance to negative consequences of elevated temperature.
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Seyfori H, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Hafizi M. Effects of water supplementation of an organic acid-trace mineral complex on production and slaughter parameters, intestinal histomorphology, and macronutrient digestibility in growing ostriches. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4860-4867. [PMID: 30995297 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of water supplementation of organic acid-chelated trace minerals (OTM) on production traits, carcass characteristics, intestinal histomorphology, and nutrient digestibility in African ostrich chicks from 8 to 12 mo of age. A total of 20 growing ostriches, with almost similar body weight (73.4 to 75.8 kg), were individually distributed in outdoor paddocks of ≈ 24 m2 and were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 4 treatments: (1) control/basal diet, (2) low OTM (basal diet + 100 mg/bird/day OTM powder in water), (3) medium OTM (basal diet + 1 g/bird/day OTM powder in water), and (4) high OTM (basal diet + 2 g/bird/day OTM powder in water). The body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were greater (P < 0.05) in ostriches receiving medium-OTM treatment compared to control during the overall phase of the experiment. Although whole carcass yield, the yield of parts, and the relative weights of internal organs were not affected by experimental treatments, supplementation of higher amounts of OTM (medium- and high-OTM) resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in the subcutaneous and abdominal fat contents. Medium- and high-OTM treatments increased (P < 0.05) the villus height/crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum compared with control and low-OTM treatments. Moreover, ostriches receiving the medium-OTM had also higher total tract apparent digestibility of energy (P = 0.048), ether extract (P = 0.050), crude fiber (P = 0.063), and higher AMEn (P = 0.094) than the control group. Overall, supplementation of OTM at the level of 1 g/bird/day to the drinking water of growing ostriches fed diets containing the recommended levels of inorganic trace minerals could beneficially affect productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Seyfori
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran 14159-4-4341, Iran
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The efficacy of organic minerals in poultry nutrition: review and implications of recent studies. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ge XK, Wang AA, Ying ZX, Zhang LG, Su WP, Cheng K, Feng CC, Zhou YM, Zhang LL, Wang T. Effects of diets with different energy and bile acids levels on growth performance and lipid metabolism in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:887-895. [PMID: 30239873 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bile acids (BAs) on the growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers fed with different energy level diets. 480 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers (45.01 ± 0.26 g) were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of energy (basal or high-energy level) and 2 levels of BAs (with or without BAs supplementation), resulting in 4 groups of 8 replicates; the experiment lasted 42 d. High-energy diets decreased the feed/gain ratio (F/G) from 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05), and increased the liver index and abdominal fat percentage at 42 d (P < 0.05). The serum total triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 42 d were increased by high-energy diets (P < 0.05), while the hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity at 21 and 42 d was decreased (P < 0.05). BAs supplementation increased the body weight at 21 d and decreased the F/G during entire period (P < 0.05), as well as improved the carcass quality reflected by decreased abdominal fat percentage at 42 d and increased breast muscle percentage at 21 and 42 d (P < 0.05). The serum TG at 21 and 42 d were decreased by BAs (P < 0.05), and the hepatic LPL activity at 42 d was increased (P < 0.05). In addition, high-energy diets increased the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase (P < 0.05), while BAs diets decreased these genes expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, BAs supplementation also increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (P < 0.05), which was increased in high-energy groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BAs supplementation could increase growth performance, elevate carcass quality, and improve lipid metabolism in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X K Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - A A Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Z X Ying
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - L G Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - W P Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - K Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - C C Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Y M Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - L L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Scott A, Vadalasetty KP, Łukasiewicz M, Jaworski S, Wierzbicki M, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Effect of different levels of copper nanoparticles and copper sulphate on performance, metabolism and blood biochemical profiles in broiler chicken. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e364-e373. [PMID: 28608638 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of copper administration in ovo to chicken embryos and/or supplied in drinking water to growing chickens in the form copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) or copper sulphate (CuSO4 ). The fertilised eggs were assigned to three groups (n = 50 per group): control (not injected), injected with 50 mg/kg Cu-NP or with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 at day 1 of incubation. Thereafter, 126 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to seven post-hatched groups: control not injected and not provided with Cu in the drinking water, injected with 50 mg/kg Cu-NP + 20 mg/kg in water, not injected + 20 mg/kg Cu-NP in water, injected with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 + 20 mg/kg in water, not injected + 20 mg/kg CuSO4 in water, injected with 50 mg/kg Cu-NP and injected with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 . The experiment was carried out from day 1 to 35 post-hatching. The in ovo injection of Cu improved the final body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in relation to the control group. Conversely, the provision of Cu in the drinking water had less of an effect on growth performance in comparison with the injected groups. A significant improvement was shown in energy and nitrogen utilisation, being better for Cu-NP than CuSO4 . The cholesterol, urea and glucose levels in the blood were reduced by Cu-NP treatment in relation to the other groups. The relative weight of the liver was decreased, while bursa of Fabricius was increased in Cu groups in relation to the control group. Cu excretion was only reduced in chickens injected with 50 mg/kg Cu-NP + 20 mg/kg in water. The immune-related genes were not affected by the treatments. The in ovo injection of Cu-NP might improve broiler performance more efficiently than the injection of CuSO4 or the provision of Cu-NP and/or CuSO4 in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scott
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - K P Vadalasetty
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M Łukasiewicz
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - E Sawosz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Bagheri Varzaneh M, Rahmani H, Jahanian R, Mahdavi AH, Perreau C, Perrot G, Brézillon S, Maquart FX. Effects of Dietary Copper-Methionine on Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in the Lungs of Cold-Stressed Broilers as an Animal Model for Pulmonary Hypertension. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:504-510. [PMID: 26749413 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of copper (as supplemental copper-methionine) on ascites incidence and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) changes in the lungs of cold-stressed broilers. For this purpose, 480 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to six treatments. Treatments consisted of two ambient temperatures (thermoneutral and cold stress) each combined with 0, 100, and 200 mg supplemental copper/kg as copper-methionine in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Ascites was diagnosed based on abdominal and pericardial fluid accumulation at 45 days of age. Fourty-eight broilers were killed at 38 and 45 days of age, and their lungs were collected for biological analysis. Results showed that MMP-2 increased in the lungs of ascitic broilers and that copper-methionine supplementation significantly reduced MMP-2 in cold-stressed broiler chickens. Treatments did not affect tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) at 38 and 45 days of age, and no difference was observed between 100 and 200 mg/kg copper-methionine treatments. In conclusion, copper-methionine at higher than conventional levels of supplementation decreased ascites incidence in low temperature through reduced MMP-2 concentration. Further research is warranted to investigate the effect of copper on MMP-2 concentrations in other tissues with high oxygen demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Bagheri Varzaneh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
- Unité de Recherche "Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire" (MEDyC), UMR CNRS/URCA NO 7369, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, 51095, Reims Cedex, France.
| | - Hamidreza Rahmani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Rahman Jahanian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Corinne Perreau
- Unité de Recherche "Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire" (MEDyC), UMR CNRS/URCA NO 7369, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, 51095, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Gwenn Perrot
- Unité de Recherche "Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire" (MEDyC), UMR CNRS/URCA NO 7369, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, 51095, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Unité de Recherche "Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire" (MEDyC), UMR CNRS/URCA NO 7369, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, 51095, Reims Cedex, France
| | - François-Xavier Maquart
- Unité de Recherche "Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire" (MEDyC), UMR CNRS/URCA NO 7369, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, 51095, Reims Cedex, France
- CHU de Reims, Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, 51092, Reims Cedex, France
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Cinar M, Yildirim E, Yigit AA, Yalcinkaya I, Duru O, Kisa U, Atmaca N. Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E and their combination on growth performance, some biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:186-96. [PMID: 24615553 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. A total of 240, 1-day-old, broilers were assigned to eight groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. The groups were fed on the following diets: control (basal diet), vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + vitamin E (250 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg diet), and copper (300 mg/kg diet) alone or in combination with the corresponding vitamins. At the 6th week, the body weights of broilers were decreased in copper, copper + vitamin E, and copper + vitamin C + vitamin E groups compared to control. The feed conversion ratio was poor in copper group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, iron, copper concentrations, and erythrocyte malondialdehyde were increased; plasma vitamin A and C concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were decreased in copper group compared to control. Glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and iron levels were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and copper levels were decreased in copper + vitamin C group, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E concentrations were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in copper with vitamin E group compared to copper group. The vitamin C concentrations were increased; copper, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde were decreased in copper + vitamin C + vitamin E group compared to copper group. To conclude, copper caused oxidative stress in broilers. The combination of vitamin C and vitamin E addition might alleviate the harmful effects of copper as demonstrated by decreased lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyase Cinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, 71450, Yahsihan/Kirikkale, Turkey,
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Liu S, Lu L, Li S, Xie J, Zhang L, Wang R, Luo X. Copper in organic proteinate or inorganic sulfate form is equally bioavailable for broiler chicks fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:142-8. [PMID: 22281815 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of organic copper (Cu) proteinate relative to inorganic Cu sulfate for broiler chicks fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 320 day-old Arbor Acres commercial male chicks were assigned to one of five treatments in a completely randomized design involving a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of added Cu (125 or 250 mg Cu/kg) and two Cu sources (Cu proteinate and Cu sulfate) plus a control with no added Cu for an experimental phase of 42 days. Plasma and liver tissue samples were collected at both 21 and 42 days of age, and bile samples were also obtained at 42 days of age for Cu analyses. The Cu concentrations in liver and bile increased linearly (P < 0.001) on both days 21 and 42 as dietary Cu levels increased. No significant (P > 0.17) linear regression relationships were observed between plasma Cu concentrations on days 21 and 42 or log10 liver Cu concentration on day 21 and daily analyzed Cu intake. Therefore, based on the slope ratios from multiple linear regressions of log10 liver and bile Cu concentrations with daily analyzed Cu intake on day 42, when Cu sulfate was set as 100%, the estimated relative bioavailability values of Cu proteinate were 78.8% for log10 liver Cu concentration and 79.3% for log10 bile Cu concentration, respectively. There was no significant (P > 0.08) difference in bioavailability between Cu proteinate and Cu sulfate for broilers chicks in this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Liu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
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