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Huang M, Gan J, Xu Z, Guo Y, Chen Z, Gao GF, Liang H, Liu WJ. A black goat-derived novel genotype of Aichi virus C blurs the boundary between caprine and porcine kobuviruses. Virology 2023; 585:215-221. [PMID: 37384968 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Aichi virus C, a species in the genus Kobuvirus, causes diarrhea diseases in pigs and goats and pose health threat and economic loss for stock farming. A nearly complete genome sequence of caprine kobuvirus GCCDC14 was obtained from an anal swab of a black goat died from diarrhea collected in Hubei, China in 2019. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that GCCDC14 is a novel genotype of Aichi virus C, forming a sister branch to other caprine kobuviruses, with P1 and VP0 genes more closely related to porcine kobuviruses and VP3 in an independent branch. Compared to previous caprine kobuviruses, unique amino acid changes in the poly-l-proline type II helix structure of VP0 and VP1 were found, which may affect the cellular machinery of host and pathogenicity. This study indicates the presence of the kobuvirus with continuously evolving features and emphasizes the surveillance and genetic evolution investigation of kobuviruses for safety of husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkun Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinxian Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China; School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhangfu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China; School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - George F Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China; School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Hao Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - William J Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Gul I, Abbas MN, Kausar S, Luo J, Gao X, Mu Y, Fan W, Cui H. Insight into crustacean cathepsins: Structure-evolutionary relationships and functional roles in physiological processes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108852. [PMID: 37295735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsins belong to a group of proteins that are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and have an extremely high degree of evolutionary conservation. These proteins are functionally active in extracellular environments as soluble enzymatic proteins or attached to plasma membrane receptors. In addition, they occur in cellular secretory vesicles, mitochondria, the cytosol, and within the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Cathepsins are classified into various groups based on their sequence variations, leading to their structural and functional diversification. The molecular understanding of the physiology of crustaceans has shown that proteases, including cathepsins, are expressed ubiquitously. They also contain one of the central regulatory systems for crustacean reproduction, growth, and immune responses. This review focuses on various aspects of the crustaceans cathepsins and emphasizes their biological roles in different physiological processes such as reproduction, growth, development, and immune responses. We also describe the bioactivity of crustaceans cathepsins. Because of the vital biological roles that cathepsins play as cellular proteases in physiological processes, they have been proposed as potential novel targets for the development of management strategies for the aquaculture industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma Gul
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jili Luo
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xinyue Gao
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yuhang Mu
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing Ninth People's Hospital, Chongqing, 400700, China.
| | - Honghuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Abi KM, Yang C, Tang C, Jing ZZ. Aichivirus C isolate is a diarrhea-causing pathogen in goats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2268-e2275. [PMID: 35502695 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aichivirus C is an emerging virus in goats, but its biological significance remains unknown. In this study, 18 diarrheic and 16 non-diarrheic fecal samples of kids were collected from a farm with an ongoing diarrheic outbreak in Sichuan Province, China in May 2021. Of these samples, 77.8% (14/18) of diarrheic samples were detected as Aichivirus C positive by RT-PCR, which was significantly higher than that of non-diarrheic feces (0%, p<0.001); meanwhile, other common diarrhea-causing pathogens in goats were not detected in diarrheic samples, except for two samples that were detected as caprine enterovirus positive, suggesting that Aichivirus C was associated with goat diarrhea. Furthermore, five Aichivirus C strains were successfully isolated from positive samples using Vero cell lines and two isolates further plaque-purified, named SWUN/F5/2021(10-6.7 TCID50 /0.1ml) and SWUN/F6/2021(10-7 TCID50 /0.1ml). Interestingly, Aichivirus C strain could cause systemic infection in experimental kids via oral administration, with the main clinical manifestation being severe watery diarrhea. Histopathological changes observed in the duodenum and jejunum were characteristic, with shedding of mucosal epithelial cells. In addition, the virus was detected in tissues of diarrhea kids naturally infected with Aichivirus C, exhibiting pathological changes similar to those of experimental infections. Overall, this study first isolated Aichivirus C and confirmed its pathogenicity on kids, with further study needed to better understand virus pathogenicity. As Aichivirus C has been detected in South Korea, Italy, and the USA and widely prevalent in southwest China, the results obtained here have significant implications for the diagnosis and control of diarrhea in goats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keha-Mo Abi
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhi Zhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
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Abi KM, Zhang Q, Jing ZZ, Tang C. First detection and molecular characteristics of caprine kobuvirus in goats in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104566. [PMID: 32976973 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Caprine kobuvirus (CKoV), a member of the genus Kobuvirus, has only been identified in South Korea and Italy until now. In this study, 24 goat diarrheic fecal samples were collected from 3 farms in Sichuan province, China, and 87.5% (21/24) samples were detected as CKoV positive by RT-PCR. Meanwhile, full-length VP0, VP3, and VP1 genes were simultaneously cloned from 17 clinical samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all CKoV strains were most closely related to porcine kobuvirus based on amino acid (aa) sequences of VP0 and VP3 proteins, but CKoV strains were closely related to with Aichivirus B strains (ferret, bovine, and sheep kobuvirus) based on aa sequences of the VP1 protein. Interestingly, compared with known CKoV strains in the GenBank database, Chinese CKoV strains have unique amino acid changes in VP0 and VP1 proteins. Moreover, the first Chinese CKoV nearly complete genome was successfully obtained from a diarrheic fecal sample, named SWUN/F11/2019. Compared with the two known CKoV strains, five aa mutations (S60A, L252I, V267T, I, V 306 L, V331I) were found in the VP0 gene and 7 aa mutations (S57N, G, T243A, V244I, T, A248V, L, S251A, R252H, and M255L) were found in VP1 in the SWUN/F11/2019 genome. This was the first report of the detection and molecular characteristics of CKoV from goats in China, which could be helpful for improving the understanding of the prevalence and genetic evolution of CKoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keha-Mo Abi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University and Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi Zhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, P.R. China.
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University and Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China.
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