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Trovato B, Sortino M, Petrigna L, Roggio F, Musumeci G. The influence of static and dynamic warm-up on knee temperature: infrared thermography insights before and after a change of direction exercise. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393804. [PMID: 39148745 PMCID: PMC11324587 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infrared thermography is gaining attention in the field of sports medicine and performance. This study investigated the effects of static and dynamic warm-ups and a 90° change of direction (COD) exercise on the thermal response of the knee. Methods Thermograms were collected using the FlIR E54 Imaging Camera from 85 healthy young adults, 46 men and 39 women, aged 20-31 years. The participants were divided in two groups, static and dynamic warm-up. Four thermograms were taken: baseline (T0), warm-up (T1), COD (T2), and rest (T3). Four regions of interest (ROIs) of the knee were analyzed: anterior upper half (AUH), anterior lower half (ALH), posterior upper half (PUH), and posterior lower half (PLH). Mixed ANOVA with the Bonferroni-Holm test and independent t-test were used for pairwise comparison and to spot differences between the right and left knees at T1 and T2 and at T0 between men and women, respectively. Results The mixed ANOVA was significant for time points (p< 0.001) in all the ROIs and for the stretching/temperature interaction with different levels of significance. The t-test results for the right and left knees at T1 and T2 were not significant. The temperature in the static warm-up group followed a decrease at T1, a subsequent decrease at T2, and a recovery similar to the baseline at T3, in the ALH in men and women and in the PUH only in men. Conclusion Static stretching was more suitable for preparing the knee for the COD exercise than the dynamic one in terms of the thermal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Petrigna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Roggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
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Korman P, Kusy K, Straburzyńska-Lupa A, Kantanista A, Quintana MS, Zieliński J. Response of skin temperature, blood ammonia and lactate during incremental exercise until exhaustion in elite athletes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2237. [PMID: 38278863 PMCID: PMC10817955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the lower limb skin temperature (Tsk) and blood concentrations of lactate (LA) and ammonia (NH3) during exercise and recovery. Eleven elite sprint athletes (25 ± 3.4 yrs) and 11 elite endurance athletes (24.45 ± 5.4 yrs) performed an incremental running test until exhaustion. Body composition was estimated using the DXA method. Thermograms of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower limbs were recorded at rest, before each test stage (every 3 min, starting from 10 km h-1 and increasing by 2 km h-1), and in the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 30th minute of recovery. Endurance athletes had a higher maximum oxygen uptake than sprint athletes (5.0 ± 0.7 vs 4.3 ± 0.4 l·kg-1, p = 0.018), lower percentage of lean content (79 ± 2 vs 83 ± 2%, p < 0.001), and a higher percentage of fat content in the lower limbs (17 ± 2 vs 12 ± 2%, p < 0.001). In both groups, a significant decrease in Tsk was observed compared to resting value (endurance athletes-31.5 ± 0.6 °C; sprint athletes-32.3 ± 0.6 °C), during exercise (p < 0.001) and rewarming during recovery (p < 0.001). However, endurance athletes had a lower Tsk than sprint athletes at the exhaustion point (30.0 ± 1.1 vs 31.6 ± 0.8 °C, p < 0.05) and the pattern of change in Tsk differed between groups (p < 0.001). Tsk in the endurance athletes group decreased throughout the exercise protocol and returned more rapidly to initial values during recovery, while Tsk in the sprint group stabilised between moderate intensity and exhaustion, recovering more slowly after exercise. Both LA (endurance athletes-max 10.2 ± 1.5; sprint athletes-max 10.1 ± 1.4 mmol⋅L-1, p < 0.001) and NH3 (endurance athletes-max 75.6 ± 11.5; sprint athletes-max 76.7 ± 9.0 mmol⋅L-1, p < 0.001) increased during exercise and decreased during recovery (p < 0.001). During exercise, lower levels and slower increases in LA were observed during exercise in the endurance athletes' group (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was revealed between Tsk and fat percentage (r = -0.43 to -0.71, p < 0.05). Tsk was positively correlated with LA during recovery (r = 0.43 to 0.48, p < 0.05), and negatively during recovery (r = -0.45 to -0.54, p < 0.05). Differences between groups in maximum aerobic capacity, the pattern of change in Tsk, and the correlation between Tsk and LA suggest that individuals who decrease less Tsk during exercise and higher Tsk during recovery are those with better aerobic capacity. In addition, athletes with less body fat dissipate heat from their tissues more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Korman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Kantanista
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Manuel Sillero Quintana
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
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Corral-Pérez J, Martinez-Tellez B, Velázquez-Díaz D, Ponce-Gonzalez JG, Carbonell-Baeza A, Jiménez-Pavón D. Thermal resting pattern and acute skin temperature response to exercise in older adults: Role of cardiorespiratory fitness. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103678. [PMID: 37659343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infrared thermography is a growing area of interest in sports science due to the potential of skin temperature (Tsk) measurements to provide valuable information from rest to exercise. However, limited research exists on Tsk in older adults and the impact of factors such as sex and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on Tsk. This study aims to investigate Tsk at rest and after acute exercise in older adults and assess whether sex or CRF influences Tsk. METHODS Ninety-two participants (41 women, 68.48 ± 3.01 years) were examined with a thermographic camera in a conditioned room (23.02 ± 3.01 °C) at rest and after a graded protocol. The Tsk of 25 regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted and analysed. RESULTS Men had higher overall Tsk at rest in 76% of ROIs, showing significant differences (p < 0.010) in six specific ROIs, independent of CRF. Both sexes had similar Tsk responses after graded exercise, with increases in distal parts (1.06 ± 0.50 °C), decreases in proximal parts (-0.62 ± 0.42 °C), and stable central Tsk (0.23 ± 0.59 °C). Increases in lower limb Tsk were significantly associated with CRF in men and women (β = 0.438, p = 0.001, and β = 0.535, p < 0.001, respectively), explaining 17% and 27% of the variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a sex-specific effect on resting Tsk in older adults, suggesting that sex-specific Tsk patterns should be considered when analysing Tsk in this population. Additionally, the association between increases in lower limb Tsk and CRF suggests that Tsk could be a promising predictor of CRF in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Corral-Pérez
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Crta. Alfacar S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain; Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicina, Leiden, 2333, ZA, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Brain Aging & Cognitive Health Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jesus Gustavo Ponce-Gonzalez
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Carbonell-Baeza
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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An exploratory, intra- and interindividual comparison of the deep neural network automatically measured calf surface radiation temperature during cardiopulmonary running and cycling exercise testing: A preliminary study. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103498. [PMID: 37055104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive and contactless infrared thermography (IRT) measurements have been claimed to indicate acute neural, cardiovascular, and thermoregulatory adaptations during exercise. Due to challenging comparability, reproducibility, and objectivity, investigations considering different exercise types and intensities, and automatic ROI analysis are currently needed. Thus, we aimed to examine surface radiation temperature (Tsr) variations during different exercise types and intensities in the same individuals, ROI, and environmental conditions. Ten healthy, active males performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill in the first week and on a cycling ergometer the following week. Respiration, heart rate, lactate, rated perceived exertion, the mean, minimum, and maximum Tsr of the right calf (CTsr (°C)), and the surface radiation temperature pattern (CPsr) were explored. We executed two-way rmANOVA and Spearman's rho correlation analyses. Across all IRT parameters, mean CTsr showed the highest association to cardiopulmonary parameters (E.g., oxygen consumption: rs = -0.612 (running); -0.663 (cycling); p < .001). A global significant difference of CTsr was identified between all relevant exercise test increments for both exercise-types (p < .001; η2p = .842) and between both exercise-types (p = .045; η2p = .205). Differences in CTsr between running and cycling significantly appeared after a 3-min recovery period, whereas lactate, heart rate, and oxygen consumption were not different. High correlations between the CTsr values extracted manually and the CTsr values processed automatically by a deep neural network were identified. The applied objective time series analysis enables crucial insights into intra- and interindividual differences between both tests. CTsr variations indicate different physiological demands between incremental running and cycling exercise testing. Further studies applying automatic ROI analyses are needed to enable the extensive analysis of inter- and intraindividual factors influencing the CTsr variation during exercise to allow determine the criterion and predictive validity of IRT parameters in exercise physiology.
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The use of thermal imaging for monitoring the training progress of professional male sweep rowers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16507. [PMID: 36192419 PMCID: PMC9530168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the thermal profile of the skin in highly trained rowers and investigates the relationship between resting skin temperature (Ts) and the muscle peak torque (PT) measured in statics at the beginning (autumn) and the end (spring) of the preparatory period. Ten professional male sweep rowers, members of the Polish national rowing team, were investigated. A thermal imaging camera was used to analyze the Ts. The PT of the muscles involved in the rowing cycle were measured isometrically. No significant temperature asymmetries were found, except in front of arms after exercise in the spring (p = 0.0228). In contrast, the PT test in the autumn confirmed the significant asymmetry of the knee joint extensors (p = 0.0192). In spring compared to autumn, Ts in many areas of the body were slightly higher, as was PT of underlying muscles. Significant correlations between resting Ts and PT of the underlying muscles were found. Thermal imaging makes it possible to observe changes in skin temperature and symmetry before and after exercise. At this stage, it does not appear to be a method that, without supporting of other methods such as those assessing muscle function, will allow monitoring of training progress.
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Muniz PR, Simão J, Nunes RB, Campos HLM, Santos NQ, Ninke A, Lemos JT. Temperature thresholds and screening of febrile people by non-contact measurement of the face using infrared thermography - A methodology proposal. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022; 37:100513. [PMID: 35958188 PMCID: PMC9356631 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of infectious diseases such as Covid-19 that have fever as one of the symptoms drive the search for systems to track people with fever quickly and non-contact, also known as sanitary barriers. The use of non-contact infrared-based instruments, especially the infrared thermal imager, has widely spread. However, the screening process has presented low performance. This article addresses the choice of regions of interest on the human face for the analysis of the individual's fever, deals with the temperature thresholds used for this analysis, as well as the way to issue the recommendation to screen the person or not. The data collection and statistical analysis of temperatures of 198 volunteers allowed us to study and define the most appropriate face regions as targets for these barriers, as well as the temperature thresholds to be used for screening for each of these regions. Besides, the paper presents a probabilistic method based on the metrological quality of the sanitary barrier to the emission of recommendation for screening potentially febrile people. The developed method was tested in feverish and non-febrile volunteers, showing complete assertiveness in the tested cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodrigues Muniz
- Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Technologies, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
| | - Josemar Simão
- Electrotechnical Coordination, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Barbosa Nunes
- Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Technologies, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
| | - Hércules Lázaro Morais Campos
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, 305 Estrada do Aeroporto, Coari 69460-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Natália Queirós Santos
- Espírito Santo Research and Innovation Support Foundation, 1080 Fernando Ferrari Ave., Vitória 29066-380, ES, Brazil
| | - Andriele Ninke
- Electrical Engineerging Undergraduate Coordination, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
| | - João Thomaz Lemos
- Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Technologies, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
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das Virgens Aquino MJ, dos Santos Leite PM, Lima Rodrigues IK, DeSantana JM. Feasibility for Using Thermography Throughout an Exercise Program in Mastectomized Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:740787. [PMID: 35494013 PMCID: PMC9047824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.740787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common in the female population. Physical training is safe and indicated after surgical treatment for breast cancer. During exercise, body temperature changes due to tissue metabolic activity; in this sense, infrared thermography is used to map the thermal patterns of the body surface.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using thermography during a physical rehabilitation program in mastectomized patients by analyzing the change in body temperature caused by physical exercise in the breast region.MethodologyThis is a simple and covert clinical trial, in which the sample was constituted for convenience. The women were submitted to a supervised physical exercise protocol, three times a week, for 20 sessions. They were evaluated in the first, tenth, and twentieth sessions in relation to changes in body temperature in the breast region (infrared thermography).ResultsTwenty patients who underwent mastectomy surgery were recruited. No patient had drain infection, scar dehiscence, or lymphedema, and only one patient had seroma removed. The mean age was 50.45 ± 2.00 years, and the body mass index (BMI) was 28.95 ± 1.11 kg/m2. In the body thermography of the patients’ breast region, no significant difference was observed when comparing the thermograms of the plastron region of the patients in the first, tenth, and twentieth sessions (p = 0.201). However, when comparing the plastron region with the control breast, a reduction in temperature was observed in the operated region in the first (p = 0.012) and tenth sessions (p = 0.004).ConclusionThrough this study, we can conclude that the use of infrared thermography is viable for the analysis of the body temperature of mastectomized patients during a supervised physical exercise protocol and, therefore, suggest that this instrument is increasingly used in the cancer public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jane das Virgens Aquino
- Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Jane das Virgens Aquino, ; Josimari Melo DeSantana,
| | | | | | - Josimari Melo DeSantana
- Physical Therapy Department, Graduate Program in Health Science, Graduate Program in Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Jane das Virgens Aquino, ; Josimari Melo DeSantana,
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Effects of Unilateral Muscle Fatigue on Thermographic Skin Surface Temperature of Back and Abdominal Muscles—A Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10030041. [PMID: 35324650 PMCID: PMC8951321 DOI: 10.3390/sports10030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effects of asymmetric muscle fatigue on the skin surface temperature of abdominal and back muscles. The study was based on a pre-post/follow-up design with one group and included a total of 41 subjects (22 male, 19 female; age, 22.63 ± 3.91; weight, 71.89 ± 12.97 kg; height, 173.36 ± 9.95). All the participants were asked to perform side bends in sets of 20 repetitions on a Roman chair until complete exhaustion. The pre-, post- and follow-up test (24 h after) skin surface temperatures were recorded with infrared thermography. Subjective muscle soreness and muscle fatigue were analyzed using two questionnaires. The results of the post hoc tests showed that skin temperature was statistically significantly lower in the post-tests than in the pre- and follow-up tests, but no meaningful differences existed between the pre- and follow-up tests. Asymmetric side differences were found in the post-test for the upper and lower areas of the back. Differences were also noted for the front in both the upper and lower areas. No thermographic side asymmetries were found at the pre- or follow-up measurement for either the back or the front. Our results support the potential of using thermographic skin surface temperature to monitor exercise and recovery in athletes, as well as its use in rehabilitational exercise selection.
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Rojas-Valverde D, Tomás-Carús P, Timón R, Batalha N, Sánchez-Ureña B, Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Olcina G. Short-Term Skin Temperature Responses to Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review of Methods and Future Challenges in the Use of Infrared Thermography. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1286. [PMID: 34947817 PMCID: PMC8704093 DOI: 10.3390/life11121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body temperature is often assessed in the core and the skin. Infrared thermography has been used to measure skin temperature (Tsk) in sport research and clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the information reported to date on the use of infrared thermography to detect short-term Tsk responses to endurance exercise and to identify the methodological considerations and knowledge gaps, and propose future directions. METHOD A web search (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) was conducted following systematic review guidelines, and 45 out of 2921 studies met the inclusion criteria (endurance sports, since 2000, English, full text available). RESULTS A total of 45 publications were extracted, in which most of the sample were runners (n = 457, 57.9%). Several differences between IRT imaging protocols and ROI selection could lead to potential heterogeneity of interpretations. These particularities in the methodology of the studies extracted are widely discussed in this systematic review. CONCLUSIONS More analyses should be made considering different sports, exercise stimuli and intensities, especially using follow-up designs. Study-derived data could clarify the underlying thermo physiological processes and assess whether Tsk could be used a reliable proxy to describe live thermal regulation in endurance athletes and reduce their risk of exertional heat illness/stroke. Also more in-depth analyses may elucidate the Tsk interactions with other tissues during exercise-related responses, such as inflammation, damage, or pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab & Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Pablo Tomás-Carús
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade de Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rafael Timón
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nuno Batalha
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade de Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud (PROCESA), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
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Perpetuini D, Formenti D, Cardone D, Filippini C, Merla A. Regions of interest selection and thermal imaging data analysis in sports and exercise science: a narrative review. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34186518 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac0fbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive, contactless and low-cost technology that allows recording of the radiating energy that is released from a body, providing an estimate of its superficial temperature. Thanks to the improvement of infrared thermal detectors, this technique is widely used in the biomedical field to monitor the skin temperature for different purposes (e.g. assessing circulatory diseases, psychophysiological state, affective computing). Particularly, in sports and exercise science, thermography is extensively used to assess sports performance, to investigate superficial vascular changes induced by physical exercise, and to monitor injuries. However, the methods of analysis employed to treat IRT data are not standardized, and hence introduce variability in the results. APPROACH This review focuses on the methods of analysis currently used for thermal imaging in sports and exercise science. MAIN RESULTS Firstly, the procedures employed for the selection of regions of interest (ROIs) from anatomical body districts are reviewed, paying attention also to the potentialities of morphing algorithms to increase the reproducibility of thermal results. Secondly, the statistical approaches utilized to characterize the temperature frequency and spatial distributions within ROIs are investigated, showing their strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, the importance of employing tracking methods to analyze the temporal thermal oscillations within ROIs is discussed. Thirdly, the capability of employing procedures of investigation based on machine learning frameworks on thermal imaging in sports science is examined. SIGNIFICANCE Finally, some proposals to improve the standardization and the reproducibility of IRT data analysis are provided, in order to facilitate the development of a common database of thermal images and to improve the effectiveness of IRT in sports science.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perpetuini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara Filippini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Pinheiro AM, Tuono AT, Vieira NA, Rezende TMD, Borin SH, Hartz CS, Padovani CR, Torres FC, Borin JP. ACUTE EFFECT OF SPEED TEST ON THE SKIN TEMPERATURE OF ELITE SOCCER PLAYERS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127012020_0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Infrared thermography has been used in several areas, mainly in sports training, and specifically in soccer. Objectives The objectives of the study were to verify the acute effect of a displacement speed test on the skin temperature of elite female soccer players, to observe pre- and post-test thermal asymmetries, and to compare responses in the anterior and posterior regions of lower limbs. Methods Cross-sectional study that evaluated 17 soccer players of the 2018 Brazilian Championship. They were submitted to thermography before and 10 minutes after performing the displacement speed test. Thermographic images were collected using a FLIR® model 8 thermal imager and changes in skin temperature in the anterior and posterior regions of the lower limbs were analyzed, according to the areas of interest. Descriptive statistics were performed and mean and standard deviation of the temperatures of the areas of interest were analyzed. The normality of the data was verified, and then the Student’s t test for normal paired and independent samples and the Mann-Whitney test for non-normal samples were conducted, with p <0.05 being adopted for significance level. Results It was possible to observe that after the test there was an increase in skin temperature in all the regions analyzed, both on the dominant and non-dominant sides (p <0.05). Regarding the analysis of the anterior region, it was possible to observe a higher temperature (p <0.05) in the region of the tibial muscles than in the region of the quadriceps muscles. Conclusion It is concluded that thermography helps to understand the thermal responses of lower limbs after applying the displacement speed test. The study shows that thermographic evaluation can guide the organization of the training session when motor tests have previously been applied, and in the detection of abnormal overloads, helping to prevent injuries. Level of evidence IV; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.
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Jorge J, Harford M, Villarroel M, Chaichulee S, Davidson S, Finnegan E, Clark SH, Young JD, Watkinson PJ, Tarassenko L. Non-Contact Assessment of Peripheral Artery Haemodynamics Using Infrared Video Thermography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:276-288. [PMID: 32746016 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2999539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skin temperature has long been used as a natural indicator of vascular diseases in the extremities. Considerable correlation between oscillations in skin surface temperature and oscillations of skin blood flow has previously been demonstrated. We hypothesised that the impairment of blood flow in stenotic (subcutaneous) peripheral arteries would influence cutaneous temperature such that, by measuring gradients in the temperature distribution over skin surfaces, one may be able to diagnose or quantify the progression of vascular conditions in whose pathogenesis a reduction in subcutaneous blood perfusion plays a critical role (e.g. peripheral artery disease). As proof of principle, this study investigates the local changes in the skin temperature of healthy humans (15 male, [Formula: see text] years old, BMI [Formula: see text] kg/m 2) undergoing two physical challenges designed to vary their haemodynamic status. Skin temperature was measured in four central regions (forehead, neck, chest, and left shoulder) and four peripheral regions (left upper arm, forearm, wrist, and hand) using an infrared thermal camera. We compare inter-region patterns. Median temperature over the peripheral regions decreased from baseline after both challenges (maximum decrease: [Formula: see text] °C at 60 s after exercise; [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] °C at 180 s of cold-water immersion; [Formula: see text]). Median temperature over the central regions showed no significant changes. Our results show that the non-contact measurement of perfusion-related changes in peripheral temperature from infrared video data is feasible. Further research will be directed towards the thermographic study of patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease.
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Heat and sweat management by a cycling garment impact thermal sensations during exercise in hot and moist conditions. SPORTS ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12283-020-00333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gonçalves AF, Matias FL, Parizotto NA, Dos Santos HH, Ferreira JJDA, de Andrade PR. The immediate effect of whole-body vibration on rectus abdominis muscle activity and cutaneous temperature: A randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 25:46-52. [PMID: 33714510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare acute effects of isometric abdominal exercises performed with or without vibration on the electromyographic activity and cutaneous temperature in the abdominal region of physically active individuals. METHODS A randomized controlled crossover clinical trial was undertaken in thirty volunteers who completed one unique session of two different protocols of interventions apart from a week from each other, in a two-week study protocol. The subjects were randomly divided in to two groups of 15 volunteers; both were assigned to perform board exercise (30 s on the front, right and left lateral boards, with a rest interval of 2 min). The first group performed it on a vibrating platform at a frequency of 30 Hz for the first week, while the remaining participants executed the same exercise without stimulates vibration. In the second week the protocol was inverted. The outcome were surface electromyography (EMG) data for the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) and cutaneous temperature (CT) of the abdominal region. Normality was accepted, and Student's t-tests were used to compare the measurements for dependents variables (P < 0.05). RESULTS There were no differences in RAM activation and CT between protocols with or without vibration (P > 0.05). CT increased (P = 0.001) after both the exercises with and without vibration. CONCLUSION The results suggest that there were no effects in cutaneous temperature or muscle activation through the use of vibration associated with isometric abdominal exercises.
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Vieira SG, Sillero-Quintana M, da Silva AG, Marins KO, Marins JCB. Thermographic response resulting from strength training: A preliminary study. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wicaksono I, Tucker CI, Sun T, Guerrero CA, Liu C, Woo WM, Pence EJ, Dagdeviren C. A tailored, electronic textile conformable suit for large-scale spatiotemporal physiological sensing in vivo. NPJ FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS 2020; 4:5. [PMID: 38624354 PMCID: PMC7222957 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-020-0068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of electronic devices and fabrication technologies has further promoted the field of wearables and smart textiles. However, most of the current efforts in textile electronics focus on a single modality and cover a small area. Here, we have developed a tailored, electronic textile conformable suit (E-TeCS) to perform large-scale, multimodal physiological (temperature, heart rate, and respiration) sensing in vivo. This platform can be customized for various forms, sizes and functions using standard, accessible and high-throughput textile manufacturing and garment patterning techniques. Similar to a compression shirt, the soft and stretchable nature of the tailored E-TeCS allows intimate contact between electronics and the skin with a pressure value of around ~25 mmHg, allowing for physical comfort and improved precision of sensor readings on skin. The E-TeCS can detect skin temperature with an accuracy of 0.1 °C and a precision of 0.01 °C, as well as heart rate and respiration with a precision of 0.0012 m/s2 through mechano-acoustic inertial sensing. The knit textile electronics can be stretched up to 30% under 1000 cycles of stretching without significant degradation in mechanical and electrical performance. Experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted for each sensor modality along with performing the robustness of sensor-interconnects, washability, and breathability of the suit. Collective results suggest that our E-TeCS can simultaneously and wirelessly monitor 30 skin temperature nodes across the human body over an area of 1500 cm2, during seismocardiac events and respiration, as well as physical activity through inertial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmandy Wicaksono
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA USA
| | - Carson I. Tucker
- Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA USA
| | - Cesar A. Guerrero
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
| | - Clare Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
- Architecture and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA USA
| | - Wesley M. Woo
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
| | - Eric J. Pence
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA USA
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Moreira-Marconi E, Moura-Fernandes MC, Lopes-Souza P, Teixeira-Silva Y, Reis-Silva A, Marchon RM, Guedes-Aguiar EDO, Paineiras-Domingos LL, de Sá-Caputo DDC, Morel DS, Dionello CF, De-Carvalho SO, Pereira MJDS, Francisca-Santos A, Silva-Costa G, Olímpio-Souza M, Lemos-Santos TR, Asad NR, Xavier VL, Taiar R, Sonza A, Seixas A, Cochrane DJ, Bernardo-Filho M. Evaluation of the temperature of posterior lower limbs skin during the whole body vibration measured by infrared thermography: Cross-sectional study analysis using linear mixed effect model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212512. [PMID: 30865641 PMCID: PMC6415782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole body vibration exercise (WBVE) has been shown to improve muscular strength and power, and increase peripheral blood flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the skin temperature (Tsk) on regions of the lower limbs from an acute bout of WBVE. METHODS AND FINDINGS Cross-sectional study approved by local ethics committee (Certificado de Apresentação para Apreciação Ética-CAAE-19826413.8.0000.5259) and Trial registration (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos-REBEC-RBR-738wng). Using Infrared thermography (IRT), Tsk and thermal symmetry of the posterior lower extremities (thigh, knee, calf and heel) were examined in 19 healthy participants. IRT was assessed during 60-second WBVE exposures of 0, 30 and 50 Hz. From the adjusted linear mixed effects model, vibration frequency, time and regions of the lower extremity were significant (p<0.001). However, the variable laterality was not significant (p = 0.067) and was excluded from the adjusted statistical model. The adjusted model was significant (p<0.00001) and all variables in the model were significant (p<0.01) indicating that Tsk decreases with time, independently of the vibration frequency. The value of the Pseudo-R-Squared for the model was 0.8376. The presented mathematical model of the current study may be useful to justify the patterns observed for all vibration frequencies between and 0 and 50 Hz. The main limitations of the study were the reduced time of the intervention and not having evaluated other regions of the body. CONCLUSIONS The acute exposure of 60-second mechanical vibration has effect on the behavior of Tsk of the posterior region of the lower limbs, which is likely to be associated with a decrease on the blood flow due to WBVE. It is speculated that during WBVE a greater supply of blood is required where the body responds by shunting blood flow from the skin to working muscle in the first seconds of exercise. Further investigative work is required to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloá Moreira-Marconi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Moura-Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lopes-Souza
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ygor Teixeira-Silva
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Reis-Silva
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Marques Marchon
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane de Oliveira Guedes-Aguiar
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Danielle Soares Morel
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Fontoura Dionello
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Oliveira De-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario José dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arlete Francisca-Santos
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gefferson Silva-Costa
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcio Olímpio-Souza
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Lemos-Santos
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nasser Ribeiro Asad
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Layter Xavier
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Redha Taiar
- Groupe de Recherche en Sciences pour l’Ingénieur (GRESPI)/Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - Anelise Sonza
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adérito Seixas
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Darryl J. Cochrane
- School of Sport, Exercise & Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mario Bernardo-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas—LAVIMPI, Instituto Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Américo Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Corona LJ, Simmons GH, Nessler JA, Newcomer SC. Characterisation of regional skin temperatures in recreational surfers wearing a 2-mm wetsuit. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:729-735. [PMID: 28962544 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1387291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate skin temperatures across surfers' bodies while wearing a wetsuit during recreational surfing. Forty-six male recreational surfers participated in this study. Participants were instrumented with eight wireless iButton thermal sensors for the measurement of skin temperature, a Polar RCX5 heart rate monitor and a 2-mm full wetsuit. Following instrumentation, participants were instructed to engage in recreational surfing activities as normal. Significant differences (p < 0.001) in skin temperature (Tsk) were found across the body while wearing a wetsuit during recreational surfing. In addition, regional skin temperature changed across the session for several regions of the body (p < 0.001), and the magnitude of these changes varied significantly between regions. We show for the first time that significant differences exist in skin temperature across the body while wearing a wetsuit during a typical recreational surfing session. These findings may have implications for future wetsuit design. Practitioner Summary: This study investigated the impact of wearing a wetsuit during recreational surfing on regional skin temperatures. Results from this study suggest that skin temperatures differ significantly across the body while wearing a 2-mm wetsuit during recreational surfing. These findings may have implications for future wetsuit design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Corona
- a Department of Kinesiology , California State University San Marcos , San Marcos , CA , USA
| | - Grant H Simmons
- b Nike Sport Research Laboratory , Nike, Inc. , Beaverton , OR , USA
| | - Jeff A Nessler
- a Department of Kinesiology , California State University San Marcos , San Marcos , CA , USA
| | - Sean C Newcomer
- a Department of Kinesiology , California State University San Marcos , San Marcos , CA , USA
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Escamilla-Galindo VL, Estal-Martínez A, Adamczyk JG, Brito CJ, Arnaiz-Lastras J, Sillero-Quintana M. Skin temperature response to unilateral training measured with infrared thermography. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:526-534. [PMID: 29114526 PMCID: PMC5667598 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735046.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the skin temperature (Tsk) behavior to understand the acute cross-effect after unilateral training of lower-limbs. Seventeen healthy young men (weight, 75.2±5.5 kg; height, 1.8±0.1 m; age, 22.5±1.6 years) were divided into two groups: high-trained (n=8) and low-trained (n=9). All participants performed: (a) one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing protocol on the leg press, (b) a unilateral training protocol (4×10 repetitions at 70% of 1RM for leg press and 4×10 repetitions at 50% of 1RM for knee extension). Pre- and posttraining thermal images were recorded. The main results showed that independent of the limb (exercised vs. nonexercised), differences between low- and high-trained were observed for all regions of interest (ROI) except for the anterior knee: posttraining, 30-min and 60-min posttraining in nonexercised limb. The increase of contralateral Tsk was more than 50% on the ROIs corresponding to the exercises muscles 30-min post-training in low-trained but was not so high in high-trained (P<0.05). Low-trained subjects incremented more the Tsk than high-trained in both legs after exercise. In conclusion, we observed an acute contralateral Tsk effect to unilateral training on the Tsk of the nonexercised limb, reliant on the training level of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor L Escamilla-Galindo
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Estal-Martínez
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,University Centre of Health Sciences San Rafael-Nebrija, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Antonio de Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jakub G Adamczyk
- Theory of Sport Department, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ciro José Brito
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Javier Arnaiz-Lastras
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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