Evaluation of prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis g virus infection among hemodialysis patients referred to Iranian army hospitals in tehran during 2012-2013

Oncogenic Viral Infections Among Iranian Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review

Introduction:

Chronic hemodialysis is a lifesaving procedure for end-stage renal failure patients who may lead to the transmission of oncogenic viral infections discussed as a major cause of liver disease and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. In this regard, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common infections that studied recently. This study aimed to review systematically all available documents on the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HED), hepatitis E virus (HEV), hepatitis G virus (HGV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) in Iranian hemodialysis patients.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of literature on the prevalence and factors associated with HED, HEV, HGV, HTLV, HIV, and KSHV in Iranian hemodialysis patients. Using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, Emtree, and related equal Persian key words, irrespective of age, date, and language, the main domestic databanks of Barekat, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran-doc, and also international databases of PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and SCOPUS searched. Interest outcome of infection prevalence was confirmed based on reported positive tests of blood samples. Since the studied factors are very numerous and there is even a high heterogeneity in each factor, so the meta-analysis was not performed.

Results:

Based on our search strategy through comprehensive searching, 509 studies were found. From them, 314 articles were from international data bases and others from Iranian data banks. After excluding duplicates and overlapping studies, 41 studies were included in the analysis; 11 studies were relevant to HIV, 10 studies assigned to HEV, and 7 studies belonged to HGV field. The HDV, HTLV1,2, and KSHV were the other research subject areas. The prevalence of HIV, HGV, and HTLV1,2 ranged from 0% to 1.5%, 0% to 24.19%, and 0.6% to 70.4%, respectively, in different provinces.

Conclusions:

This is the comprehensive systematic review on oncogenic viral infections prevalence in the Iranian hemodialysis patients. Present findings emphasize on requirement to evidence-based practical intervention for better prevention and control of problem. The findings could be used as a scientific evidence for developing related policies and highlighting the future plan of complementary researches.

The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analyses

The aim of this study was to characterize hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology in Iran and estimate the pooled mean HCV antibody prevalence in different risk populations. We systematically reviewed and synthesized reports of HCV incidence and/or prevalence, as informed by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, and reported our findings following the PRISMA guidelines. DerSimonian-Laird random effects meta-analyses were implemented to estimate HCV prevalence in various risk populations. We identified five HCV incidence and 472 HCV prevalence measures. Our meta-analyses estimated HCV prevalence at 0.3% among the general population, 6.2% among intermediate risk populations, 32.1% among high risk populations, and 4.6% among special clinical populations. Our meta-analyses for subpopulations estimated HCV prevalence at 52.2% among people who inject drugs (PWID), 20.0% among populations at high risk of healthcare-related exposures, and 7.5% among populations with liver-related conditions. Genotype 1 was the most frequent circulating strain at 58.2%, followed by genotype 3 at 39.0%. HCV prevalence in the general population was lower than that found in other Middle East and North Africa countries and globally. However, HCV prevalence was high in PWID and populations at high risk of healthcare-related exposures. Ongoing transmission appears to be driven by drug injection and specific healthcare procedures.

Prevalence of hepatitis C infection in Iranian hemodialysis patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aims to provide a comprehensive evidence on HCV Infection in Iranian hemodialysis (HD) patients we conducted a systematic review.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, through a comprehensive search of literature until January of 2016, we estimated the pooled prevalence of hepatitis C infection in Iranian HD patients. Using Medical Subject Headings terms, Emtree, and related equal Persian key words for Iranian databases and also international databases of PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), and SCOPUS. Interest outcome of HCV infection prevalence was confirmed based on positive hepatitis B surface antigen of blood samples. Random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled prevalence of HCV infection in Iranian HD patients, date and language, HD patients, in adult HD patients, Institute of Scientific Information, Iran-doc, irrespective of age, living in Iran. Searches run through main domestic databanks of Iran-Medex, renal transplantation, Scientific Information Database, the relevant literature-searched concentrating on HCV infection.

RESULTS

Through searching steps, 305 publications were found from them following the excluding duplicates and overlapping studies 54 studies relevant to HCV prevalence in Iranian HD zcxw patients, with number of 23921 participants, remained in our analyses. The overall results of test of heterogeneity demonstrate sever heterogeneity between reported prevalence (I2 = 96.62%, Chi-square = 1566, P < 0.001). Due to sever heterogeneity results of random effect meta-analysis showed that the estimated pooled prevalence was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] =10%-13%). The pooled prevalence base on polymerase-chain reaction, recombinant immunoblot assay, and enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Antibody method were 11% (95% CI = 6%-15%), 9% (95% CI = 5-13) and 12% (95% CI = 10-14), respectively. In line with previous studies, the present finding shows the significant variation in the rate of HCV in dialysis units among the regions in Iran.

CONCLUSION

Present paper is the comprehensive updated systematic review on HCV prevalence in the Iranian HD patients. Our findings provide the reliable evidence for promotion of policies and interventional programs.