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Asri N, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Taleghani MY, Houri H, Saeedi Niasar M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Shahbazkhani A, Nikzamir A, Ehsani Ardakani MJ, Khodadost M, Rostami-Nejad M. Evaluating CD4 and Foxp3 mRNA Expression in Tissue Specimens of Celiac Disease and Colorectal Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:647-652. [PMID: 38415552 PMCID: PMC11077127 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celiac disease (CD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are distinct gastrointestinal conditions with a debated association. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of CD4 and Foxp3 in tissue specimens of CD and CRC patients. The findings can provide valuable insights into the complex connection between these different gastrointestinal conditions. METHODS Tissue samples from 100 CRC patients, 50 CD patients, and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were collected. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test. RESULT CD4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in CRC patients compared to CD patients and HCs (P<0.0001 for both). Foxp3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in CD patients compared to CRC patients and HCs (P<0.0001 for both). Clinicopathological characteristics did not correlate significantly with gene expression levels. CONCLUSION This study reveals differential expression patterns of CD4 and Foxp3 mRNA in CRC and CD patients. Upregulated CD4 mRNA suggests its potential role in promoting tumor growth, while increased Foxp3 mRNA expression may reflect an immunosuppressive mechanism in CD pathogenesis. These findings provide insights into the molecular and immunological aspects of CRC and CD, warranting further studies for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yaghoob Taleghani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Houri
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Saeedi Niasar
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Shahbazkhani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Ehsani Ardakani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Khodadost
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mohammadpour S, Noukabadi FN, Esfahani AT, Kazemi F, Esmaeili S, Zafarjafarzadeh N, Sarpash S, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. Non-coding RNAs in Precursor Lesions of Colorectal Cancer: Their Role in Cancer Initiation and Formation. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:565-575. [PMID: 37226783 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230523155719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world's most common types of malignancy. The proliferation of precancerous lesions causes this type of cancer. Two distinct pathways for CRC carcinogenesis have been identified: the conventional adenoma-carcinoma pathway and the serrated neoplasia pathway. Recently, evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the initiation and progression of precancerous lesions, especially in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway and serrated neoplasia pathway. By expanding the science of molecular genetics and bioinformatics, several studies have identified dysregulated ncRNAs that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer initiation and formation by diverse mechanisms via intracellular signaling pathways known to act on tumor cells. However, many of their roles are still unclear. This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs (such as long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, long intergenic non-coding RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and circRNAs) in the initiation and formation of precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadpour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naderi Noukabadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Torshizi Esfahani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Esmaeili
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Zafarjafarzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedKasra Sarpash
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yadav A, Singh S, Sarin N, Pujani M, Wadhwa R, Sarohi M, AB A. Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and β-catenin in Colorectal Carcinoma and its Correlation with Tumor Grade and Stage. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:758-764. [PMID: 38187861 PMCID: PMC10767133 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the result of the cumulative effect of multiple mutations within the cell that allow it to escape growth control and regulatory mechanisms. EGFR overexpression has been suggested as a factor of poor prognosis in various cancers. β-catenin plays a role in the Wnt signaling pathway of colorectal cancers. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of two years comprising 20 colectomy specimens. Clinicopathological details were documented, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for EGFR and β-catenin was performed. EGFR-Brown membranous staining was observed; β-catenin-Brown membranous or nuclear staining was observed. IHC scoring was done, taking into account the intensity of staining and the percentage of positive tumor cells. The mean age of patients with colorectal carcinoma was 47.45 ± 14.8 (mean + SD) years. No statistically significant difference was noted in the EGFR immunoexpression and tumor grade (p value = 0.361) as well as the TNM stage (p value = 0.699). There was no statistically significant difference between β-catenin immunoexpression and tumor grade (p value = 0.444) and TNM stage (p value = 0.911). A statistically significant difference was noted in the EGFR and β-catenin immunoexpression (p = 0.0001). EGFR and β-catenin expression was observed in 50% and 65% of cases, respectively. EGFR and β-catenin expression was not associated with histological tumor grade and TNM stage of the tumor. In the present study, EGFR expression was significantly associated with β-catenin immunoexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Yadav
- Dept. of Pathology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana India
| | - Sompal Singh
- Dept. of Pathology, NDMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sarin
- Dept. of Pathology, NDMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mukta Pujani
- Dept. of Pathology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana India
| | - Ruchira Wadhwa
- Dept. of Pathology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana India
| | - Monica Sarohi
- Dept. of Pathology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana India
| | - Aiswarya AB
- Dept. of Pathology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana India
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Laurindo LF, Direito R, Bueno Otoboni AMM, Goulart RA, Quesada K, Barbalho SM. Grape Processing Waste: Effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2168281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Direito
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program (Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation), UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, FATEC, Avenida Castro Alves, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program (Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation), UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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GÜNEY N, GÜRSES İ, SERİNSÖZ LİNKE E, GÜRSOY D, ÜÇBİLEK E, ÇOLAK T. Kolon adenokarsinomlarında ve adenomatöz poliplerinde Beta-Catenin ve Sox2 ekspresyonu ve klinikopatolojik parametreler ile ilişkileri. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.962373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin and Sox-2 in adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinoma of colon and also to evaluate the effects of these markers in adenoma-carcinoma sequence and their association with clinicopathological parameters.
Methods: Fifty-six tubular adenomas with low grade dysplasia (TALGD), 53 tubular adenomas with high grade dysplasia (TAHGD), 44 tubulovillous adenomas (TVA), 29 villous adenomas (VA) and 60 adenocarcinomas were included in the study. The nuclear staining of Sox2 was evaluated as well as both nuclear and cytoplasmic stainings of β-catenin. A semiquantitative scoring was performed. The results were compared between the groups and the relationship of the results with clinicopathological parameters was evaluated.
Results: Nuclear and cytoplasmic β-catenin expressions of the adenocarcinomas were higher than polyps. The expressions in the VA and TVA polyp groups were higher than the expressions in TAHGD and TALGD, respectively. Membranous β-catenin expression in the adenocarcinoma was higher than the polyps except VA. The evaluation between polyp groups with respect to membranous β-catenin staining revealed a statistically significantly difference in favor of VA compared with TVA, TAHGD and TALGD; in favor of TAHGD compared with TVA, in favor of TVA compared with TALGD while it was found statistically significantly higher in TAHGD than TALGD.
Conclusion: The results regarding β-catenin expression of the polyp groups were consistent with the literature. There was a positive correlation between β-catenin expression (nuclear and cytoplasmic) and malignancy. High Sox2 expressions were found correlated with malignancy potential. Large sampling size investigations to be supported by further molecular studies are needed to clarify the effect of Sox2 expression in the sequence of adenoma-carcinoma comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan GÜNEY
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İZMİR TEPECİK HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF SURGICAL MEDICAL SCIENCES
| | - İclal GÜRSES
- İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA, CERRAHPAŞA TIP FAKÜLTESİ, CERRAHİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, TIBBİ PATOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | | | - Didar GÜRSOY
- HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TAYFUR ATA SÖKMEN TIP FAKÜLTESİ, CERRAHİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, TIBBİ PATOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Enver ÜÇBİLEK
- MERSIN UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, GASTROENTEROLOGY
| | - Tahsin ÇOLAK
- MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, CERRAHİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, GENEL CERRAHİ ANABİLİM DALI
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Majumder S, Shivaji UN, Kasturi R, Sigamani A, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:547-567. [PMID: 35321275 PMCID: PMC8919014 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer (IBD-CRC) is one of the most serious complications of IBD contributing to significant mortality in this cohort of patients. IBD is often associated with diet and lifestyle-related gut microbial dysbiosis, the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, leading to chronic gut inflammation. According to the “common ground hypothesis”, microbial dysbiosis and intestinal barrier impairment are at the core of the chronic inflammatory process associated with IBD-CRC. Among the many underlying factors known to increase the risk of IBD-CRC, perhaps the most important factor is chronic persistent inflammation. The persistent inflammation in the colon results in increased proliferation of cells necessary for repair but this also increases the risk of dysplastic changes due to chromosomal and microsatellite instability. Multiple pathways have been identified, regulated by many positive and negative factors involved in the development of cancer, which in this case follows the ‘inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma’ sequence. Strategies to lower this risk are extremely important to reduce morbidity and mortality due to IBD-CRC, among which colonoscopic surveillance is the most widely accepted and implemented modality, forming part of many national and international guidelines. However, the effectiveness of surveillance in IBD has been a topic of much debate in recent years for multiple reasons — cost-benefit to health systems, resource requirements, and also because of studies showing conflicting long-term data. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of past, present, and future perspectives of IBD-CRC. We explore and analyse evidence from studies over decades and current best practices followed globally. In the future directions section, we cover emerging novel endoscopic techniques and artificial intelligence that could play an important role in managing the risk of IBD-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehali Majumder
- Department of Clinical Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday Nagesh Shivaji
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Rangarajan Kasturi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Alben Sigamani
- Department of Clinical Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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Melincovici CS, Boşca AB, Şuşman S, Cutaş A, Mărginean M, Ilea A, Moldovan IM, Jianu EM, Neag MA, Bulboacă AE, Mihu CM. Assessment of mismatch repair deficiency, CDX2, beta-catenin and E-cadherin expression in colon cancer: molecular characteristics and impact on prognosis and survival - an immunohistochemical study. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:715-727. [PMID: 33817713 PMCID: PMC8112747 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) or the deficiency of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins is one of the molecular pathways of colorectal tumorigenesis and may have important clinical implications in predicting the treatment response. We evaluated the relationship between clinicopathological features and MMR proteins [mutL homologue 1 (MLH1), mutS homologue 2 (MSH2), mutS homologue 6 (MSH6), postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2)], adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, beta-catenin) and caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) in 31 patients with colon adenocarcinoma, using immunohistochemistry. We also aimed to assess the prognostic value of the studied proteins. MLH1 loss was correlated to PMS2 loss (p=0.006) and MSH2 loss (p=0.023); MSH2 loss was significantly associated to MSH6 loss (p=0.011). Tumors with MSH6 loss, together with tumors with PMS2 loss, covered all the patients with MSI status. We found a significant correlation between MSI tumors and mucinous histological type (p=0.03), but no significant associations with other clinicopathological features or with survival rate. There was a significant correlation between E-cadherin expression and differentiation degree (p=0.018) and between beta-catenin expression and lymph node invasion (p=0.046). No significant association between CDX2 loss and any clinical or pathological features was found (p>0.05). No significant differences were identified in overall survival according to E-cadherin, beta-catenin or CDX2 expression (p>0.05). In our study, PMS2 loss was significantly correlated with CDX2 loss (p=0.03). In conclusion, the molecular analysis of biological markers for colon cancer may be important for patient stratification, in order to select the optimal treatment algorithm. Our results suggest that probably the double panel (MSH6 and PMS2) is enough to detect the MSI status, instead of using the quadruple panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Stanca Melincovici
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Shah K, Patel S, Mirza S, Rawal RM. A multi-gene expression profile panel for predicting liver metastasis: An algorithmic approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206400. [PMID: 30383826 PMCID: PMC6211708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aim Liver metastasis has been found to affect outcome in prostate, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, but its role in lung cancer is unclear. The 5 year survival rate remains extensively low owing to intrinsic resistance to conventional therapy which can be attributed to the genetic modulators involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, this study aims to generate a model for early diagnosis and timely treatment of liver metastasis in lung cancer patients. Methods mRNA expression of 15 genes was quantified by real time PCR on lung cancer specimens with (n = 32) and without (n = 30) liver metastasis and their normal counterparts. Principal Component analysis, linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering were conducted to obtain a predictive model. The accuracy of the models was tested by performing Receiver Operating Curve analysis. Results The expression profile of all the 15 genes were subjected to PCA and LDA analysis and 5 models were generated. ROC curve analysis was performed for all the models and the individual genes. It was observed that out of the 15 genes only 8 genes showed significant sensitivity and specificity. Another model consisting of the selected eight genes was generated showing a specificity and sensitivity of 90.0 and 96.87 respectively (p <0.0001). Moreover, hierarchical clustering showed that tumors with a greater fold change lead to poor prognosis. Conclusion Our study led to the generation of a concise, biologically relevant multi-gene panel that significantly and non-invasively predicts liver metastasis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanisha Shah
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shanaya Patel
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sheefa Mirza
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M. Rawal
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail: ,
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Abstract
β-Catenin is essential for embryonic development and required for cell renewal/regeneration in adult life. Cellular β-catenin exists in three different pools: membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear. In this review, we focus on functions of the nuclear pool in relation to tumorigenesis. In the nucleus, beta-catenin functions as both activator and repressor of transcription in a context-dependent manner. It promotes cell proliferation and supports tumour growth by enhancing angiogenesis. β-Catenin-mediated signalling regulates cancer cell metabolism and is associated with tumour-initiating cells in multiple malignancies. In addition, it functions as both pro- and anti-apoptotic factor besides acting to inhibit recruitment of inflammatory anti-tumour T-cells. Thus, β-catenin appears to possess a multifaceted nuclear function that may significantly impact tumour initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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10
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Bohr Mordhorst L, Ahlin C, Sorbe B. Prognostic impact of the expression of Wnt-signaling proteins in cervical carcinoma FIGO stage I-IV treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63042-63053. [PMID: 27577083 PMCID: PMC5325345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling proteins were assessed in patients with primary cervical carcinomas who received chemoradiation. The associations between three Wnt signaling proteins and prognosis were assessed. Specimens from 122 patients with cervical carcinomas (FIGO stage I-IV) were immunohistochemically (IHC) analyzed for β-catenin, APC and axin protein expression. Associations between these Wnt-protein expressions, clinicopathological factors, and clinical outcome data were examined. Positive IHC staining for the β-catenin protein (cell-membranes, cytoplasm and nuclei) was recorded in 88%, 58% and 5%, respectively. There was a strong association between β-catenin staining of the cell-membranes and prediction of recurrences and prognosis (p = 0. 002). Tumors with > 5% of nuclear β-catenin staining were associated with inferior cancer-specific survival (p = 0.048) compared with no staining. The overall recurrence rate was significantly higher in the group with increased nuclear staining (67%) compared with the group with no staining (33%). Nuclear APC staining of high intensity was associated with a significantly worse cancer-specific survival and increased overall recurrence rate compared to tumors with weak staining. Distant recurrences were recorded in 29% of cases with intense staining and in 14% of cases with low staining. The Wnt signaling pathway seems to be of importance in the process of cervical oncogenesis. A predictive and prognostic value was found for β-catenin, where strong cell-membrane staining was favorable, and > 5% positive nuclear staining was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival and overall recurrence rate. Nuclear APC staining intensity was also associated with a less favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Ahlin
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sorbe
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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Peyravian N, Larki P, Gharib E, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Anaraki F, Young C, McClellan J, Ashrafian Bonab M, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Zali MR. The Application of Gene Expression Profiling in Predictions of Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E27. [PMID: 29498671 PMCID: PMC5874684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A key factor in determining the likely outcome for a patient with colorectal cancer is whether or not the tumour has metastasised to the lymph nodes-information which is also important in assessing any possibilities of lymph node resection so as to improve survival. In this review we perform a wide-range assessment of literature relating to recent developments in gene expression profiling (GEP) of the primary tumour, to determine their utility in assessing node status. A set of characteristic genes seems to be involved in the prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in colorectal patients. Hence, GEP is applicable in personalised/individualised/tailored therapies and provides insights into developing novel therapeutic targets. Not only is GEP useful in prediction of LNM, but it also allows classification based on differences such as sample size, target gene expression, and examination method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshad Peyravian
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Live Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Pegah Larki
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Live Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Gharib
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Live Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Fakhrosadate Anaraki
- Colorectal Division of Department of Surgery, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113b, Iran.
| | - Chris Young
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - James McClellan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK.
| | | | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Live Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
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12
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Ding Z, Shi C, Jiang L, Tolstykh T, Cao H, Bangari DS, Ryan S, Levit M, Jin T, Mamaat K, Yu Q, Qu H, Hopke J, Cindhuchao M, Hoffmann D, Sun F, Helms MW, Jahn-Hofmann K, Scheidler S, Schweizer L, Fang DD, Pollard J, Winter C, Wiederschain D. Oncogenic dependency on β-catenin in liver cancer cell lines correlates with pathway activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114526-114539. [PMID: 29383099 PMCID: PMC5777711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a serious public health challenge with few therapeutic options available to cancer patients.Wnt/β-catenin pathway is thought to play a significant role in HCC pathogenesis. In this study, we confirmed high frequency of CTNNB1 (β-catenin) mutations in two independent cohorts of HCC patients and demonstrated significant upregulation of β-catenin protein in the overwhelming majority of HCC patient samples, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and established cell lines. Using genetic tools validated for target specificity through phenotypic rescue experiments, we went on to investigate oncogenic dependency on β-catenin in an extensive collection of human HCC cells lines. Our results demonstrate that dependency on β-catenin generally tracks with its activation status. HCC cell lines that harbored activating mutations in CTNNB1 or displayed elevated levels of non-phosphorylated (active) β-catenin were significantly more sensitive to β-catenin siRNA treatment than cell lines with wild-type CTNNB1 and lower active β-catenin. Finally, significant therapeutic benefit of β-catenin knock-down was demonstrated in established HCC tumor xenografts using doxycycline-inducible shRNA system. β-catenin downregulation and tumor growth inhibition was associated with reduction in AXIN2, direct transcriptional target of β-catenin, and decreased cancer cell proliferation as measured by Ki67 staining. Taken together, our data highlight fundamental importance of aberrant β-catenin signaling in the maintenance of oncogenic phenotype in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihu Ding
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chaomei Shi
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hui Cao
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Susan Ryan
- Sanofi Translational In Vivo Models, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Taiguang Jin
- Sanofi Asia Pacific R&D Hub, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Karl Mamaat
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Current address: Leica Biosystems, Boston, MA
| | - Qunyan Yu
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hui Qu
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joern Hopke
- Sanofi Biologics Research/Molecular Screening Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - May Cindhuchao
- Sanofi Biologics Research/Molecular Screening Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dietmar Hoffmann
- Sanofi Biologics Research/Molecular Screening Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fangxian Sun
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mike W. Helms
- Sanofi Biologics Research/Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Scheidler
- Sanofi Biologics Research/Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liang Schweizer
- Sanofi Asia Pacific R&D Hub, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Current address: Harbour BioMed, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Douglas D. Fang
- Discovery Services, WuXi AppTec Co., Shanghai, China
- Current address: Ascentage Pharma Group, Ltd., Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jack Pollard
- Sanofi Oncology Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Rezasoltani S, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Dabiri H, Ghanbari R, Zali MR. Gut microbiota, epigenetic modification and colorectal cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 9:55-63. [PMID: 29213996 PMCID: PMC5715278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Micro-organisms contain 90% of cells in human body and trillions foreign genes versus less than 30 thousand of their own. The human colon host various species of microorganisms, appraised at more than 1014 microbiota and contained of over a thousand species. Although each one's profile is separable, the relative abundance and distribution of bacterial species is the same between healthy ones, causing conservation of each person's overall health. Germline DNA mutations have been attributed to the less than 5% of CRC occurrence while more than 90% is associated with the epigenetic regulation. The most ubiquitous environmental factor in epigenetic modification is gut microbiota. Disruptive changes in the gut microbiome strongly contributed to the improvement of colorectal cancer. Gut microbiota may play critical role in progression of CRC via their metabolite or their structural component interacting with host intestinal epithelial cell (IEC). Herein we discuss the mechanism of epigenetic modification and its implication in CRC development, progression even metastasis by gut microbiota induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Rezasoltani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad, PhD, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-22432516
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbari
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Shah K, Patel S, Mirza S, Raval A, Rawal RM. Data mining and manual curation of published microarray datasets to establish a multi-gene panel for prediction of liver metastasis. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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15
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Roos J, Grösch S, Werz O, Schröder P, Ziegler S, Fulda S, Paulus P, Urbschat A, Kühn B, Maucher I, Fettel J, Vorup-Jensen T, Piesche M, Matrone C, Steinhilber D, Parnham MJ, Maier TJ. Regulation of tumorigenic Wnt signaling by cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase and their pharmacological inhibitors: A basis for novel drugs targeting cancer cells? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:43-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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