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Molecular Detection and Characterization of the Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolated from Hospitalized Patients and Healthcare Workers in Iran. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3775142. [PMID: 36644166 PMCID: PMC9839402 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3775142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The present study is aimed at surveying the antibiotics resistance profile, biofilm formation ability, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from hospitalized patients and healthcare workers in four teaching hospitals in Iran. Methods In total, 43 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 12 Staphylococcus haemolyticus were isolated from hospitalized patients, and 19 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 7 Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from healthcare workers were included in the present study. The antimicrobial resistance profile of isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the resistance of isolates to methicillin was identified using the cefoxitin disk diffusion test. The microtiter-plate test was used for quantifying biofilm formation. Moreover, the frequency of icaA and icaD genes was determined using PCR assay. The molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant isolates was determined using SCCmec typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis methods. Results Among all coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates, the highest resistance rate (81.5%) was seen for cefoxitin and cotrimoxazole. All of the isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Out of the 66 mecA-positive isolates, the most common SCCmec type was the type I (n = 23; 34.8%) followed by type IV (n = 13; 19.7%). Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assay, 27 PFGE types including 14 common types and 13 singletons were obtained among 51 methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates. Moreover, among 12 methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (MRSH) isolates, 8 PFGE types were detected, of which 5 PFGE types were singletons. Conclusion The high rate of resistance to antibiotics as well as the possibility of cross-infection shows the importance of a pattern shift in the management and controlling programs of coagulase-negative staphylococci, especially in healthcare centers. Clinical trial registration. The present study is not a clinical trial study. Thus, a registration number is not required.
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Kalantar-Neyestanaki D, Mansouri S, Tadjrobehkar O, Pardakhty A, Tabatabaeifar F, Morones-Ramírez JR, Jamali Z, Isaei E. High prevalence of multi-drug resistant and different SCCmec types among coagulase-negative Staphylococci spp. collected from clinical samples and skin of healthcare workers in Kerman, Southeast Iran. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Investigation of SCCmec types I-IV in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222874. [PMID: 32347308 PMCID: PMC7214399 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Today methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are important in terms of causing significant nosocomial infections. Besides, MR-CoNS are confirmed as the reservoir of SCCmec elements that carry mecA (methicillin-resistant) gene. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the susceptibility pattern, prevalence and diversity of SCCmec types I, II, III, and IV in MR-CoNS strains. In this cross-sectional study, 44 clinical isolates of MR-CoNS were identified using the cefoxitin disc method and further confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mecA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was investigated by disc diffusion. The identification of CoNS was done by amplification and sequencing of the tuf gene. Multiplex PCR method was done for the determination of SCCmec types. In the present study, the Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most predominant isolates with a prevalence of 45.4%. The highest resistance rates were observed against erythromycin (84.1%) and clindamycin (75%). Multiplex PCR revealed the SCCmec type I as the predominant type in the present study. Our study showed that there was no significant relationship between the presence of different types of SCCmec elements and resistance to antibiotics. The present study highlighted a frequent prevalence of MR-CoNS harboring SCCmec type genes in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Thus, the molecular typing and periodical monitoring of their drug resistance pattern should be considered in national stewardship programs to designing useful antibiotic prescription strategies.
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Diversity of Bioaerosols in Selected Rooms of Two Schools and Antibiotic Resistance of Isolated Staphylococcal Strains (Bydgoszcz, Poland): A Case Study. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at evaluating microbiological air pollution in libraries, cafeterias and selected classrooms of two schools in Bydgoszcz city, northern Poland and determining the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcal strains isolated from the indoor air. One of the investigated schools (School A) is located in the very center of the city, in the vicinity of a park, among old houses and stone-lined streets, while the other (School B), among modern residential buildings, close to a street with heavy traffic. In each school, air samples were collected in the morning, always from all three sampling sites, using the MAS-100 sampler. Selective growth media were used for bacteria and mold isolation and quantifying analysis. The antibiotic resistance of the isolated mannitol-positive staphylococci was assessed using the disc diffusion method in accordance with EUCAST recommendations. The highest mean concentration of heterotrophic bacteria was recorded in the cafeterias: 884 CFU m−3 in School A and 1906 CFU m−3 in School B. Molds were the most abundant in the library and cafeteria in School B, where their average concentration exceeded 300 CFU m−3. Cladosporium and Penicillium species prevailed, while Fusarium, Acremonium and Aspergillus were less abundant. Airborne mannitol-positive staphylococci were recorded at low concentrations, ranging from 6 to 11 CFU m−3 on average. According to the taxonomic analysis, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were the most abundant in both schools, followed by S. xylosus, S. haemolyticus and S. saprophyticus. The antibiograms indicated that resistance to erythromycin was common in 62.5% of the isolated staphylococcal strains. Levofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics. No multidrug-resistant strains were identified.
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Behshood P, Tajbakhsh E, Momtaz H. Recognition of (Sesc) for Easy Identification of Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Molecular and Phenotypic Study of Β-Lactam Resistance in Staphylococcus Epidermidis Isolates in Isfahan. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:309-314. [PMID: 33649724 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Not only is it crucial to rapidly detect Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) isolates from a broad range of bacteria, but recognizing resistance agents can greatly improve current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods The current cross-sectional study investigated 120 clinical isolates from a nosocomial S. epidermidis infection. The isolates were identified using common biochemical tests, and specific S. epidermidis surface protein C (SesC) primers were used to confirm the presence of S. epidermidis. PCR and special primers were used to detect the β-lactamase gene (blaZ). Methicillin resistance was measured using the agar screening method and antibiotic susceptibility was measured by disk diffusion. Results 100 samples were characterized as S. epidermidis using a phenotypic and genotypic methods. From the 100 specimens examined, 80% contained blaZ. According to agar screening, 60% of isolates were methicillin-resistant. S. epidermidis isolates demonstrated the highest resistance to penicillin (93%) and the highest sensitivity to cefazolin (39%). Conclusion The increased resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in S. epidermidis isolates is alarming, and certain precautions should be taken by healthcare systems to continuously monitor the antimicrobial pattern of S. epidermidis, so that an appropriate drug treatment can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Behshood
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Khosravi AD, Roointan M, Abbasi Montazeri E, Aslani S, Hashemzadeh M, Taheri Soodejani M. Application of tuf gene sequence analysis for the identification of species of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical samples and evaluation of their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1275-1282. [PMID: 30197525 PMCID: PMC6112803 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s172144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are normal inhabitants of human skin and mucous membranes. However, CoNS represent one of the major nosocomial pathogens, especially in immunocompromised patients. The increasing incidence of CoNS and mainly methicillin-resistant strains underlines the need for an accurate identification of Staphylococcus isolates at the species level. Analysis of the tuf gene proved to be an accurate tool for the species identification of CoNS. The aims of this study were to identify the CoNS species by tuf gene-based polymerase chain reaction method and sequencing, and to determine the frequency of CoNS clinical isolates resistant to methicillin (MRCoNS) and other antibiotics. Methods A total of 200 staphylococci isolates were collected from various clinical samples. Phenotyping methods were used for initial identification followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of tuf gene with subsequent sequencing. The phylogenetic relationships among species were analyzed using the neighbor-joining method based on the partial gene sequence of tuf. Microbroth dilution test was used for screening methicillin resistance, and disk diffusion susceptibility testing was performed for evaluation of antibiotic resistance among the isolates. Results In the present study, 125 isolates were identified as CoNS; among them, Staphylococcus epidermidis 54(43.2%) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus 50 (40.0%) were demonstrated as the most prevalent species. Resistance to methicillin was detected in 54.4% of the CoNS based on microbroth dilution method. In disk diffusion susceptibility testing, the greatest resistance of CoNS was demonstrated for cefoxitin (65.4%), cotrimethoxazole (54.4%), and clindamycin (49.6%), while daptomycin (87.2%) and linezolid (83.2%) showed the greatest effectiveness for CoNS isolates. Conclusion Our results confirmed the predominance of S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus among CoNS isolates. The high prevalence of MRCoNS strains is a serious concern and strongly suggests the need for control program measures in our hospitals in order to reduce MRCoNS infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Mitra Roointan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Effat Abbasi Montazeri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Sajad Aslani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Moslem Taheri Soodejani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Chang JB, Wu H, Wang H, Ma BT, Wang RZ, Wei JJ. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:41. [PMID: 29568514 PMCID: PMC5859784 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative central nervous system infections (PCNSIs) represent a serious complication, and the timely use of antibiotics guided by the identification of the causative pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities is essential for treatment. However, there are little data regarding the prevalence of PCNSI pathogens in China. The aim of this study is to investigate the features of pathogens in patients with PCNSIs, which could help clinicians to choose the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. Methods We retrospectively examined the positive CSF cultures in patients who underwent craniotomy between January 2010 and December 2015. We collected data, including demographic characteristics, type of neurosurgery, laboratory data, causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. Results A total of 62 patients with 90 isolates out of 818 patients with 2433 CSF culture samples were available for data analysis. The estimated incidence and culture-positive rate of PCNSIs were approximately 0.9 and 7.5%, respectively. The predominant organism was coagulase-negative staphylococci, of which most were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS). All were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, rifampicin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent causative Gram-negative agent and was resistant to 12 out of 18 antimicrobials tested. The sensitivity rates for tigecycline and minocycline were only 40 and 33%, respectively. Conclusion PCNSIs could lead to high mortality. Although the MRCoNS were the predominant organism, the management of Acinetobacter baumannii was a major clinical challenge with few effective antimicrobials in PCNSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Bai-Tao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Ren-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jun-Ji Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
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