1
|
Di Giacomo C, Pucillo L, Sevilla C, Fucci G, Massoud R, Bernardini S, Fraziano M, Gentile G. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Plasma Levels in Natural Populations of Pigmented and Partially Pigmented Land Iguanas from Galápagos ( Conolophus spp.). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7741397. [PMID: 35872852 PMCID: PMC9303120 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7741397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the first data on 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels in natural populations of three species of land iguana endemic to the Galápagos Islands (Conolophus marthae, C. subcristatus, and C. pallidus). The pigment is present throughout the whole body in the skin of C. subcristatus and C. pallidus. On the contrary, pigment is not present in the skin of an extended part of the body in C. marthae. The only existing population of C. marthae is syntopic with a population of C. subcristatus, and the two species are closely related. These circumstances would suggest that, under the assumption that the species show a similar basking behavior and in the absence of compensatory mechanisms, lighter pigmentation should favor higher vitamin D levels. Thus, C. marthae, compared with C. subcristatus in Wolf Volcano, could show higher levels of 25(OH)D plasma levels, or equal, if compensatory mechanisms exist. The three species showed levels in the range of average values for healthy iguanas. However, contrary to the expectation, C. marthae consistently exhibited the lowest 25(OH)D plasma levels. We discuss possible factors affecting vitamin concentration and hypothesize that C. marthae may use the habitat to limit exposure to the high UVB irradiation at Wolf Volcano.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Di Giacomo
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Pucillo
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Sevilla
- Galápagos National Park Directorate, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Giorgio Fucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oonincx DGAB, Diehl JJE, Kik M, Baines FM, Heijboer AC, Hendriks WH, Bosch G. The nocturnal leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) uses UVb radiation for vitamin D 3 synthesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110506. [PMID: 32950659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important regulator of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in animals. It can be acquired from the diet or synthesised de novo when skin is exposed to UVb. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a complex of diseases collectively called metabolic bone disease (MBD). Diurnal lizards without access to UVb are prone to develop vitamin D deficiency, even when dietary vitamin D3 is provided. A trial was conducted to determine whether juvenile nocturnal lizards require access to UVb to prevent vitamin D deficiency. All leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) were supplemented with dietary vitamin D3. One group was exposed to low level UVb radiation (33-51 μW/cm2) from hatching until 6 months of age and a second group remained unexposed. Animals were fed ad libitum and their growth and weight gain compared with non-exposed controls. At the end of the trial, blood samples were analysed for vitamin D3 metabolites. The concentration of the vitamin D3 metabolite, 25(OH)D3, was higher in UVb exposed animals (61 ± 20 vs. 38 ± 8 nmol/L), confirming cutaneous synthesis with UVb exposure. Growth and weight gain were similar in both groups, and this, together with the absence of clinical symptoms, suggests that dietary vitamin D3 alone can meet the vitamin D requirements for growth of this nocturnal gecko, during the first six months of life. It remains to be investigated whether the higher vitamin D metabolite levels holds other health benefits for this species, such as improved bone density or immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G A B Oonincx
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - J J E Diehl
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Kik
- Pathology division, Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F M Baines
- UV Guide UK, Greenfield, School Lane, Govilon, Abergavenny, NP7 9NT, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - A C Heijboer
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W H Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Bosch
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vergneau-Grosset C, Péron F. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on vertebrate animals: update from ethological and medical perspectives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:752-762. [PMID: 33856678 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many animals under human care are kept indoors to prevent infectious diseases vectored by wildlife, facilitate environment control, or due to the lifestyle of their owners. However, ultraviolet radiation has documented effects on animal vision, vitamin synthesis, immunity, behavior, psychogenic disorders and on their environment. Ultraviolet-emitting lights are commercially available and the documentation of their effect on indoor-housed animals is increasing. This article reviews published information about ultraviolet effects in vertebrate animals from veterinary and ethological perspectives, and techniques used to assess ultraviolet exposure across animal taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Department of Clinical sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, J2S 2 M2, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Franck Péron
- 15 Rue de la Johardière, 44 800, Saint-Herblain, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scott GN, Cullen J, Bakal RS, Lewbart GA. Nutritional fibrous osteodystrophy with chondroid metaplasia in a Nile monitor,
Varanus niloticus. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Scott
- Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John Cullen
- Population Health and PathobiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert S Bakal
- Animal Health & WelfareNational AquariumBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Veterinary ServicesBanfield Pet HospitalDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Gregory A Lewbart
- Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
ARTIFICIAL ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION RAISES PLASMA 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 CONCENTRATIONS IN BURMESE PYTHONS (PYTHON BIVITTATUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2018; 49:810-812. [DOI: 10.1638/2017-0243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
6
|
Abstract
The provision of a good light source is important for reptiles. For instance, ultraviolet light is used in social interactions and used for vitamin D synthesis. With respect to housing, most reptilians are best kept pairwise or individually. Environmental enrichment can be effective but depends on the form and the species to which it is applied. Temperature gradients around preferred body temperatures allow accurate thermoregulation, which is essential for reptiles. Natural distributions indicate suitable ambient temperatures, but microclimatic conditions are at least as important. Because the nutrient requirements of reptiles are largely unknown, facilitating self-selection from various dietary items is preferable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Oonincx
- Laboratory of Entomology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen van Leeuwen
- Biometris, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
EFFECTS OF A LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE ON THE PRODUCTION OF CHOLECALCIFEROL AND ASSOCIATED BLOOD PARAMETERS IN THE BEARDED DRAGON (POGONA VITTICEPS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:1120-1126. [DOI: 10.1638/2016-0222.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
8
|
Diehl JJE, Baines FM, Heijboer AC, van Leeuwen JP, Kik M, Hendriks WH, Oonincx DGAB. A comparison of UVb compact lamps in enabling cutaneous vitamin D synthesis in growing bearded dragons. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:308-316. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. E. Diehl
- Animal Nutrition Group; Animal Sciences Group; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - A. C. Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. P. van Leeuwen
- Biometris; Plant Sciences Group; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - M. Kik
- Department of Pathobiology; Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - W. H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group; Animal Sciences Group; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - D. G. A. B. Oonincx
- Animal Nutrition Group; Animal Sciences Group; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Entomology; Plant Sciences Group; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferguson GW, Gehrmann WH, Brinker AM, Kroh GC. Daily and Seasonal Patterns of Natural Ultraviolet Light Exposure of the Western Sagebrush Lizard (Sceloporus graciosus gracilis) and the Dunes Sagebrush Lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus). HERPETOLOGICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-13-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary W. Ferguson
- Department of Biology, PO Box 209030, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - William H. Gehrmann
- Department of Biology, PO Box 209030, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Andrew M. Brinker
- Department of Biology, PO Box 209030, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Glenn C. Kroh
- Department of Biology, PO Box 209030, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ultraviolet Light Exposure and Response to Dietary Vitamin D3in Two Jamaican Anoles. J HERPETOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1670/12-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Hedley J, Eatwell K. The effects of UV light on calcium metabolism in ball pythons (Python regius). Vet Rec 2013; 173:345. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Hedley
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - K. Eatwell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oonincx D, van de Wal M, Bosch G, Stumpel J, Heijboer A, van Leeuwen J, Hendriks W, Kik M. Blood vitamin D3 metabolite concentrations of adult female bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) remain stable after ceasing UVb exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:196-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
13
|
Selleri P, Di Girolamo N. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3concentrations in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni) exposed to natural sunlight and two artificial ultraviolet radiation sources. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:1781-6. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.11.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|