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Gaffney J, Asseo L, Garner MM, LaDouceur EEB. What is your diagnosis? Coelomic mass in an adult male bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). Vet Clin Pathol 2024. [PMID: 39060853 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- James Gaffney
- Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Louisa Asseo
- Oasis Veterinary Hospital, Martinez, California, USA
| | | | - Elise E B LaDouceur
- Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Northwest ZooPath, Monroe, Washington, USA
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Willig F, Torpy FJ, Harrison SH, Duke EG, Troan B, Boddy AM, Abegglen LM, Harrison TM. Evaluation of Neoplasia, Treatments, and Survival in Lizard Species. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1395. [PMID: 38791614 PMCID: PMC11117239 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoplasia has been reported in lizards, but more research is needed to accurately document the prevalence and prognosis of the various known neoplasms that affect lizards. This study reviewed medical records from an online database, the Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance (ESCRA), and reviewed published literature to determine the prevalence of neoplasia, malignancy, metastasis, treatment strategies, and outcomes by species and sex. Records from 55 individual lizards, 20 different species, and 37 different tumors were identified. In the literature, 219 lizards, 59 species, and 86 unique tumors were identified from 72 published case reports. Potential signalment factors such as age, sex, and species were evaluated to see if they affected case outcome. Additional factors including neoplasia type, presence of metastasis, and types of pursued treatments were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to determine whether a factor was significantly associated with animal death due to the identified neoplasia or with animal survival or death due to other causes (non-neoplastic outcomes). Komodo dragons and savannah monitors were more likely to die from neoplasia compared to other lizard species. Cases where the status of metastasis was unknown were significantly associated with death due to neoplasia. Having an unknown status of male versus female was significantly associated with non-neoplastic outcomes of death. Leukemia and islet cell carcinoma were significantly associated with death due to neoplastic causes. Chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma were significantly associated with non-neoplastic outcomes of death. Surgery alone and radiation therapy alone each were significantly associated with non-neoplastic outcomes of death, while lizards not receiving treatment were significantly associated with death due to neoplasia. Benign neoplasia was significantly associated with non-neoplastic outcomes of death. These results will aid in the improved diagnosis and management of neoplasia in lizard species, as well as expanding our understanding of prognostic indicators of neoplasia in lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Willig
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (E.G.D.); (B.T.); (A.M.B.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Fred J. Torpy
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (E.G.D.); (B.T.); (A.M.B.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Scott H. Harrison
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Elizabeth G. Duke
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (E.G.D.); (B.T.); (A.M.B.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Brigid Troan
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (E.G.D.); (B.T.); (A.M.B.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Amy M. Boddy
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (E.G.D.); (B.T.); (A.M.B.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lisa M. Abegglen
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (E.G.D.); (B.T.); (A.M.B.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tara M. Harrison
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (E.G.D.); (B.T.); (A.M.B.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Imanse SM, Burrell CE, Cannizzo SA, Reilly TS, Rainwater KL, Delaney MA. Neoplasia in an assurance population of Puerto Rican crested toads ( Peltophryne lemur). Vet Pathol 2024; 61:482-487. [PMID: 38018125 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231214029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Disease monitoring of amphibian assurance populations is an important buffer against ongoing global extinctions. This study documents a high incidence of neoplasia in a zoo-managed assurance population of Puerto Rican crested toads (Peltophryne lemur; PRCTs). Over 5 years, neoplasia was diagnosed in 17/49 (35%) submitted adult PRCTs and was the cause of death or euthanasia in 13/17 (72%). Most toads were male (16/17; 94%) and 6 to 11-years-old (average 8.1 years). Notably, seven toads (41%) had multiple neoplasms. Of the 29 neoplasms identified, 17 (59%) were cutaneous or subcutaneous. The most common neoplasms included mast cell tumors (MCTs; 8/29; 28%), histiocytic sarcomas (6/29; 21%), lymphoma/leukemia (4/29; 14%), and squamous cell carcinomas (3/29; 10%). Distant metastases were documented in 6/8 (75%) toads with MCTs. Causes for neoplasia in this population were not determined though may include genetic or environmental factors. Continued investigations of managed endangered amphibians will help elucidate mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M Imanse
- University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL
- Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA
| | - Caitlin E Burrell
- University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Fraess GA, Giglio RF, Stacy NI, Crevasse S, Wellehan JF, Alexander AB. Pneumocoelomogram as a novel negative contrast diagnostic imaging technique to evaluate coelomic organs in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). J Exot Pet Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Broughton C, Webb KL. Diagnostic Clinical Pathology of the Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps). Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2022; 25:713-734. [PMID: 36122948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), an omnivorous Agamid lizard native to inland Australia, is one of the most popular reptile pets due to their sociable behavior, tame demeanor, low-maintenance care, and relative ease of breeding. Because they are generally stoic animals, thorough physical examination in conjunction with routine clinicopathologic data can prove invaluable in identifying disease and implementing appropriate therapy in a timely manner. The goal of this article is to assist the practicing clinician, based on literature review, on how to approach the diagnostic challenge encountered in everyday practice when working up various conditions in bearded dragons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark Broughton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, 660 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA.
| | - Kyle Lauren Webb
- Antech Diagnostics, 7415 Emerald Dunes Dr, Suite 1500, Orlando, FL 32822 USA
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Ikeda M, Kondo H, Ehara Y, Goto K, Shibuya H. Clinical course and pathologic study of retrobulbar histiocytic sarcoma in a central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1320-1323. [PMID: 35908859 PMCID: PMC9523305 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) presented with periorbital swelling and exophthalmos. A retrobulbar mass was detected, and enucleation with the mass was performed. Histologically, the mass was composed of a dense sheet and interlacing bundles of round to polygonal to short spindle-shaped cells with occasional bizarre mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells had various degrees of membranous and/or cytoplasmic granular reactivity to anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and anti-CD204 antibodies. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had irregular nuclei and abundant cytoplasm with membrane-bound electron-dense lysosomes and endoplasmic reticula. These findings were consistent with a histiocytic sarcoma. The present study provided a detailed description of retrobulbar histiocytic sarcoma for the first time in a central bearded dragon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University
| | | | | | - Hisashi Shibuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University
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