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Wei A, Zhang YB, Robertson E, Steen J, Mushquash C, Wekerle C. Global Indigenous gender concepts, gender-based violence and resilience: A scoping review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 148:106185. [PMID: 37087390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The legacy of colonialism includes ongoing trauma and disruption of traditional teachings on relationality, which has contributed to Indigenous populations being disproportionately exposed to gender-based violence (GBV). GBV in Indigenous populations is explored to consider gender-specific findings and points of resilience in relational networks. PARTICIPANTS & SETTING Included articles sampled Indigenous groups in Canada, US, Mexico, Guatemala, and Israel. All participants self-identified as Indigenous, and were either GBV survivors or service providers working in GBV contexts. METHODS A scoping review was conducted in OVID Medline, Embase, APA Psycinfo, and Informit Indigenous Collection, using keywords for Indigenous peoples, gender concepts, and GBV. Articles were screened and extracted by two reviewers; a third reviewer resolved conflicts. RESULTS Our search yielded one mixed-method study and seven qualitative studies, all published since 2016. North American studies identified colonial, patriarchal disruptions (e.g. residential schools) to positive pre-contact gender norms (e.g. non-hierarchical roles) that contribute to emerging GBV. Studies conducted in Guatemala and Israel also described local patriarchal cultures contributing to GBV. Lack of understanding of the Two-Spirit identity (i.e. supra-binary gender identity used by Indigenous persons) led to harmful attitudes and stigma. Interpersonal support and return to traditional matriarchal practices were identified as key resilience processes. CONCLUSIONS There is limited literature on Indigenous gender concepts and GBV, particularly regarding GBV against males and Two-Spirit persons. Colonization-related violence and/or patriarchal gender norms were identified as precursors for GBV. Decolonization processes should be further explored to address GBV in Indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wei
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Yang Bo Zhang
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Robertson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Steen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Mushquash
- Department of Psychology and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Wekerle
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, South Africa
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Toombs E, Lund J, Kushnier L, Stopa A, Wendt DC, Mushquash CJ. Addressing experiences of trauma within Indigenous-focused substance use residential treatment: a systematic review and environmental scan. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-53. [PMID: 38146766 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2293943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous individuals in Canada disproportionally experience higher rates of substance use concerns. This study examined clinical practices currently implemented with Indigenous-led residential treatment facilities to simultaneously address substance use and post-traumatic stress. A systematic review of relevant literature retrieved published approaches to address these concurrent disorders with Indigenous individuals. This review retrieved 35 sources related to trauma and substance use treatment among Indigenous individuals or communities. Among these sources, all leveraged cultural approaches as a dual treatment for trauma symptoms and substance use. Inconsistent results were reported among those sources (n = 3) who analyzed comparisons with wait-list controls or used randomized-controlled designs. Using culture-as-treatment was elaborated upon in the second goal of this study: an environmental scan of Indigenous-led treatment programs and qualitative interviews with 10 treatment center staff to understand how programs may address both substance use and traumatic symptoms among Indigenous-led substance use treatment centers across Canada. When we searched the websites of these centers, we found that approximately 38% (16 of 43) of treatment centers discussed implementing some form of treatment that addressed trauma symptoms in conjunction with primary substance use. Among the 10 staff participants, all discussed how trauma can impede client success in treatment, and ACE-specific programming is useful within their respective treatment programs. Results showed that when manualized treatments are used, they must be adapted to meet the specific needs of Indigenous communities, and culture-as-treatment is a popular approach among Indigenous-led treatment centers, particularly for addressing trauma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Toombs
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, ON, Canada
- Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, Fort William First Nation, ON, Canada
| | - Jessie Lund
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ana Stopa
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, ON, Canada
| | | | - Christopher J Mushquash
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, ON, Canada
- Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, Fort William First Nation, ON, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, ON, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, ON, Canada
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Panofsky S, Buchanan MJ, Wilat (Susan Alfred) TZ, Madeek (Jeffrey Brown) DZ, Neekupdeh (Daren George) DZ, Smogelgem (Warner Naziel) DZ, Woodman G, Brown T, Lewis R, We’es Tes (Sandra Harris) TZ, Wilawhl (Lorraine Naziel) TZ, Dumont J, Andrew J, Ferguson A, Hare J, John R. The Wet’suwet’en Nation’s Mobilization of Indigenous Focusing Oriented Therapy: An Exploratory Study. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000221146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous mental health research is beginning to address colonization, however, Indigenous approaches to wellness have largely been overlooked. There is a paucity of research exploring psychological trauma interventions with Indigenous peoples. The Wet’suwet’en hereditary chiefs recognize the profound impacts of historical trauma among their people and are utilizing Indigenous focusing oriented therapy (IFOT), a trauma model that is collective, land-based, and intergenerational, as a part of their wellness framework. This collaborative research study explored the question: How is IFOT shaped by Wet’suwet’en ways of knowing and mobilized by individuals, families, house groups, and the Nation? Wet’suwet’en IFOT practitioners participated in sharing circles for data collection and interpretation. The exploratory findings revealed that the strategic application of IFOT by Wet’suwet’en hereditary chiefs created a culturally relevant model for land-based healing wherein Wet’suwet’en people were able to experience greater connection with their own yintah (land) and c’idede’ (history).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Panofsky
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marla J. Buchanan
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ts’akë ze’ Wilat (Susan Alfred)
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Wet’suwet’en Nation (Office of the Wet’suwet’en), Canada
| | - Dinï ze’ Madeek (Jeffrey Brown)
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Wet’suwet’en Nation (Office of the Wet’suwet’en), Canada
| | - Dinï ze’ Neekupdeh (Daren George)
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Wet’suwet’en Nation (Office of the Wet’suwet’en), Canada
| | | | - Gretchen Woodman
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Wet’suwet’en Nation (Office of the Wet’suwet’en), Canada
| | - Tanya Brown
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Wet’suwet’en Nation (Office of the Wet’suwet’en), Canada
| | - Russell Lewis
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Wet’suwet’en Nation (Office of the Wet’suwet’en), Canada
| | | | | | - Jeremy Dumont
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Wet’suwet’en Nation (Office of the Wet’suwet’en), Canada
| | - Jolene Andrew
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Wet’suwet’en Nation (Office of the Wet’suwet’en), Canada
| | - Alanaise Ferguson
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jan Hare
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roger John
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Allice I, Acai A, Ferdossifard A, Wekerle C, Kimber M. Indigenous Cultural Safety in Recognizing and Responding to Family Violence: A Systematic Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16967. [PMID: 36554846 PMCID: PMC9779508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This systematic scoping review synthesizes the recommended approaches for providing culturally safe family violence interventions to Indigenous peoples in health care and social service settings. A total of 3783 sources were identified through our electronic database searches, hand-searching of Indigenous-focused journals, and backward and forward citation chaining. After screening those sources in duplicate, 28 papers were included for synthesis in June 2020. Forward citation chaining of these 28 included articles in June 2022 identified an additional 304 possible articles for inclusion; following the screening of those 304 articles, an additional 6 were retained in the review. Thus, a total of 34 articles were included for data extraction and narrative synthesis. Initial results were presented to members of the Six Nations of the Grand River Youth Mental Wellness Committee, and their feedback was incorporated into our inductive organization of findings. Our findings represent three thematic areas that reflect key recommendations for health care and social service provision to Indigenous families for whom family violence is a concern: (1) creating the conditions for cultural safety; (2) healing at the individual and community level; and (3) system-level change. These findings demonstrate the need to center Indigenous peoples and perspectives in the development and implementation of cultural safety approaches, to acknowledge and address historically contingent causes of past and present family violence including colonization and related state policies, and to transform knowledge and power relationships at the provider, organization, and government level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Allice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anita Acai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ayda Ferdossifard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Christine Wekerle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Melissa Kimber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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Rand JR, Melro C, Biderman M, McMillan LJ, Miller AD, Lekas S, Numer M. Indigenous men’s pathways to ‘living the right kind of life and walking the right path’ post incarceration in Canada: understanding the impacts of systemic oppression, and guidance for healing and (w)holistic sexual health. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2022; 25:475-489. [PMID: 35404775 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2055149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous men around the world hold expertise over their own lives. Informed by this perspective, this study centres this experience to better understand what is needed to improve sexual health outcomes among a group of men with a history of incarceration. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Indigenous men with such a history. Through thematic analysis the study identified two major themes: 1) the impacts of systemic oppression; 2) the value of guidance in walking the right path. Men identified colonial trauma and the associated mental, physical, emotional and spiritual wounds stemming from systemic oppression as continuing to impact their wellbeing. Men also described the systems of support necessary to help guide them on their journeys through incarceration, rehabilitation and building strong and nurturing relationships. Findings from the study provide important guidance from Indigenous men for future more holistic sexual health intervention programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R. Rand
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Carolyn Melro
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Maya Biderman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - L. Jane McMillan
- Department of Anthropology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | | | - Scott Lekas
- Mi’kmaw Native Friendship Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Matthew Numer
- Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Hackett L, Biderman M, Doria N, Courville J, Bogner E, Spencer R, Miller D, McMillan J, Numer M. A rapid review of Indigenous boys' and men's sexual health in Canada. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2021; 23:705-721. [PMID: 32223538 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1722856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous boys and men in Canada face adverse social and structural circumstances that affect their ability to achieve and maintain sexual health. Research about Indigenous sexual health, however, is largely limited to matters relating to women and statistics on sexually transmitted infections. A rapid review of research was conducted to determine what is currently known about Indigenous boys' and men's sexual health in Canada. Given the prevalence of research documenting quantitative disparities, the current review included qualitative research only. Thirteen included studies explored a wide range of topics relating to sexual health and an overarching intersection between social conditions and individual health outcomes was observed. The results of this review reveal significant gaps in the literature relating to the holistic sexual health of Indigenous boys and men and highlight important domains of sexual health to consider in future research. Findings suggest that sexual health programmes that promote traditional Indigenous knowledge and intergenerational relationships may be effective for promoting sexual health among Indigenous boys and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hackett
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Maya Biderman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nicole Doria
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Julien Courville
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emma Bogner
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rebecca Spencer
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Jane McMillan
- Department of Anthropology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Matthew Numer
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Isaak CA, Mota N, Medved M, Katz LY, Elias B, Mignone J, Munro G, Sareen J. Conceptualizations of help-seeking for mental health concerns in First Nations communities in Canada: A comparison of fit with the Andersen Behavioral Model. Transcult Psychiatry 2020; 57:346-362. [PMID: 32116153 DOI: 10.1177/1363461520906978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored the fit between on-reserve First Nations community members' conceptualizations of help-seeking for mental health concerns and the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Youth, adults and elders (N = 115) living and or working in eight distinct First Nations communities within a tribal council area in Canada participated in focus groups or individual interviews that were transcribed, coded and then analyzed using a thematic analysis approach informed by grounded theory methodology. Resulting themes were then mapped onto the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Participants' conceptualizations of predisposing characteristics including social structures, health beliefs and mental illness, enabling and impeding resources had a high degree of fit with the model. While perspectives on perceived need for mental health care, and spirituality as a health and lifestyle practice had only moderate fit with the model, these domains could be modified to fit First Nations' interpretations of help-seeking. Participants' perceptions of avoidant strategies and non-use of mental health services, however did not map onto the model. These findings suggest conceptualizations of help-seeking for mental health issues in these First Nations communities are only partially characterized by the Andersen Behavioral Model, suggesting there are a number of considerations to Indigenize the model. Findings also highlight potential explanations for why some members of this population may not access or receive appropriate mental health treatment. Multi-pronged efforts are warranted to link culturally normed pathways of help-seeking with effective mental health supports for First Nations community members in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Medved
- University of Manitoba, Canada.,The American University of Paris, France
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Sanchez D, Benbow LM, Hernández-Martínez M, Serrata JV. Invisible Bruises: Theoretical and Practical Considerations for Black/Afro-Latina Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. WOMEN & THERAPY 2019; 42:406-429. [PMID: 38283189 PMCID: PMC10817708 DOI: 10.1080/02703149.2019.1622903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the intersectionality of race, gender, and violence in the lives of Black/Afro-Latinas who have experienced childhood sexual abuse. First, we discuss the trauma of slavery, racism, and colonization in Latin America and the Caribbean, which objectifies Black bodies and renders Blackness invisible. Second, we identify institutional and interpersonal barriers to seeking trauma support. Third, we present preliminary findings from a Listening Circle among survivors who participated in the Black Latinidad: Building Siblinghood to End Child Sexual Abuse Project. Finally, we propose a racially and culturally specific, trauma-informed approach that draws on the strengths of survivors and centralizes their voices and how to intervene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delida Sanchez
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Luz Márquez Benbow
- Black Latinidad: Building Siblinghood to End Child Sexual Abuse, New York, NY
| | | | - Josephine V. Serrata
- National Latin@ Research Center on Family & Social Change, St Paul, MN, Minnesota
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