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Barido FH, Puruhita, Hertanto BS, Cahyadi M, Kartikasari LR, Sujiwo J, Kim J, Kim HY, Jang A, Lee SK. Enzymatic hydrolyzation of Cordyceps militaris mushroom extracts and its effect on spent hen chicken. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1277-1288. [PMID: 38665076 PMCID: PMC11222846 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the effect of fresh and dried hydrolyzed Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushroom with proteolytic enzymes; bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of bromelain: flavorzyme (CMBF) on quality properties of spent hen chicken. METHODS Mushroom extract (CME) were combined with three proteolytic enzyme mixtures that had different peptidase activities; stem bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of stem bromelain:flavorzyme (CMBF) at (1:1). The effect of these hydrolysates was investigated on spent hen breast meat via dipping marination. RESULTS Hydrolyzation positively alters functional properties of CM protease. in which bromelain hydrolyzed group (CMB) displayed the highest proteolytic activity at 4.57 unit/mL. The antioxidant activity had a significant increment from 5.32% in CME to 61.79% in CMB. A significantly higher emulsion stability index and emulsification activity index compared to CME were another result from hydrolyzation (p<0.05). Texture properties along with the shear force value and myofibrillar fragmentation index were notably improved under CMB and CMBF in fresh condition. Marination with CM mushroom protease that was previously hydrolyzed with enzymes was proven to also increase the nucleotide compounds, indicated by higher adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) in hydrolysate groups (p<0.05). The concentration of both total and insoluble collagen remained unchanged, meaning less effect from CM protease. CONCLUSION This study suggested the hydrolyzation of CM protease with bromelain or a mixture of bromelain:flavourzyme to significantly improve functional properties of protease and escalate the taste-related nucleotide compounds and texture profiles from spent hen breast meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouq Heidar Barido
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126,
Indonesia
- Halal Research Center and Services (HRCS), Institute for Research and Community Service, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126,
Indonesia
| | - Puruhita
- Restu Dwi Pangan Co, Tangerang, Banten 15345,
Indonesia
| | - Bayu Setya Hertanto
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126,
Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Cahyadi
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126,
Indonesia
- Halal Research Center and Services (HRCS), Institute for Research and Community Service, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126,
Indonesia
| | - Lilik Retna Kartikasari
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126,
Indonesia
| | - Joko Sujiwo
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
| | - Juntae Kim
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439,
Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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Lee S, Jo K, Jeong HG, Jeong SKC, Park JI, Yong HI, Choi YS, Jung S. Higher Protein Digestibility of Chicken Thigh than Breast Muscle in an In Vitro Elderly Digestion Model. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:305-318. [PMID: 36909852 PMCID: PMC9998189 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protein digestibility of chicken breast and thigh in an in vitro digestion model to determine the better protein sources for the elderly in terms of bioavailability. For this purpose, the biochemical traits of raw muscles and the structural properties of myofibrillar proteins were monitored. The thigh had higher pH, 10% trichloroacetic acid-soluble α-amino groups, and protein carbonyl content than the breast (p<0.05). In the proximate composition, the thigh had higher crude fat and lower crude protein content than the breast (p<0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of myofibrillar proteins showed noticeable differences in the band intensities of tropomyosin α-chain and myosin light chain-3 between the thigh and breast. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence intensity of myosin was lower in the thigh than in the breast (p<0.05). Moreover, circular dichroism spectroscopy of myosin revealed that the thigh had higher α-helical and lower β-sheet structures than the breast (p<0.05). The cooked muscles were then chopped and digested in the elderly digestion model. The thigh had more α-amino groups than the breast after both gastric and gastrointestinal digestion (p<0.05). SDS-PAGE analysis of the gastric digesta showed that more bands remained in the digesta of the breast than that of the thigh. The content of proteins less than 3 kDa in the gastrointestinal digesta was also higher in the thigh than in the breast (p<0.05). These results reveal that chicken thigh with higher in vitro protein digestibility is a more appropriate protein source for the elderly than chicken breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmin Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyung Jo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyung Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jung In Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Cho J, Barido FH, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Kim D, Shin DJ, Jang A. Effect of Calamansi Pulp Ethanol Extracts on the Meat Quality and Biogenic Amine Formation of Pork Patty during Refrigerated Storage. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:25-45. [PMID: 36789197 PMCID: PMC9890367 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of calamansi pulp (CPE) and its effect on quality and biogenic amine (BAs) formation in pork patties during storage. The CPE were prepared in various conditions (ethanol concentrations of 50%, 70%, and 90% with extraction periods of 3 and 6 days). The extract with potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities (90%, 6 days) was selected for addition to pork patties. Three groups were tested: Control (without extract addition), CPE addition at 0.2% w/w (0.2PCPE), and 0.4% w/w (0.4PCPE). The addition of CPE inhibited the formation of BAs, mainly cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine, in pork patties during storage. The pH and bacterial count of pork patties decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner following the addition of CPE. The instrumental color (CIE L*, CIE a*, and CIE b*) tended to be higher in 0.4PCPE than in the control during storage. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values of pork patties were affected by CPE, showing a reduction toward lipid oxidation at any storage period, and maintaining the lowest VBN value in 0.4PCPE at the final storage day. Similarly, the reduction of total BAs in pork patties was observed ranged between 3.4%-38.1% under treatment with 0.2% CPE, whereas 18.4%-51.4% under 0.4% CPE addition, suggesting significant effect of CPE to improve meat quality. These novel findings demonstrate the efficacy of 0.4% CPE as a natural compound to preserve the quality and reduce BAs formation in pork patties during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea,Department of Research and Development,
Shinsegae Food, Seoul 04793, Korea
| | - Farouq Heidar Barido
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126,
Indonesia
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea,Poultry Research Institute, National
Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Shin
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea,Corresponding author: Aera
Jang, Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea, Tel: +82-33-250-8643, Fax:
+82-33-251-7719, E-mail:
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Liao S, Liao L, Huang P, Wang Y, Zhu S, Wang X, Lv T, Li Y, Fan Z, Liu T, Lin Q. Effects of Different Levels of Garlic Straw Powder on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Antioxidant and Intestinal Mucosal Morphology of Yellow-Feathered Broilers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902995. [PMID: 35721568 PMCID: PMC9204585 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The full utilization of garlic straw can partially alleviate shortage of feedstuff and waste of resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of garlic straw as an unconventional feed on yellow-feathered broilers. 360 28-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates (cage) per group, 15 per cage. The 4 groups were as follows: control group (basal diet) and experimental group I (basal diet supplemented with 3% garlic straw powder), II (basal diet supplemented with 6% garlic straw powder) and III (basal diet supplemented with 9% garlic straw powder). There was no significant difference in the initial body weight of the broilers among groups (p > 0.05). The test period was 28 days in total. The experiment results showed that there were no significant difference in the average final weight, ADG, ADFI and F/G among groups (p > 0.05). On the one hand, for the breast muscle, the drip loss of experimental group I, II and III were reduced by 17.24% (p <0.05), 20.11% (p <0.05) and 20.50% (p <0.05), respectively, compared with the control group; the redness a* of the experimental groups had a trend of improvement (0.05 <p < 0.1). On the other hand, compared with the control group, the redness a* of the experimental group II increased significantly by 23.18% for the leg muscles (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the control group, GSH-Px of the experimental group III significantly increased by 21.38% (p < 0.05), and SOD of the experimental group I significantly increased by 21.85% (p < 0.05). Finally, there were no significant differences in the intestinal villus height, crypt depth, V/C and intestinal wall thickness among four groups (p >0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of different levels of garlic straw powder can improve meat quality and antioxidant capacity of yellow-feathered broilers without affecting growth performance and intestinal mucosal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Liao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Lv
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Touming Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Barido FH, Kim HJ, Kang SM, Jang A, Pak JI, Lee SK. The effect of hydrolysis pre-treatment by flavourzyme on meat
quality, antioxidative profiles, and taste-related compounds in Samgyetang
breast supplemented with black garlic. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:625-638. [PMID: 35855271 PMCID: PMC9289802 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to carefully investigate the effect of hydrolysis using Flavourzyme on meat quality, antioxidative status, and taste-related compounds in breast of Samgyetang that was supplemented with black garlic (BG). Four different treatment groups were compared: (1) conventional Samgyetang (control), (2) Samgyetang hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme (1%, v/w) (FS), (3) Samgyetang made with the BG extract without hydrolysis (NBG), and (4) BG samgyetang pre-treated with Flavourzyme (1%, v/w) in a water bath at 55°C for 2.5 h and hydrolyzed before being processed (HBG). All the treatment groups were cooked by retorting at conditions 121°C and 1.5 kg/cm2 for 1 h. Improved umami profiles through the increase of umami-related nucleotides (5’-GMP, 5’-IMP) and free amino acids—aspartic acid and glumtamic acid, in Samgyetang breast was recorded following hydrolysis. The HBG group tended to impart stronger scavenging activity toward free radicals compared with the other two groups, while not differing with NBG group regarding suppressing malondialdehyde. Textural properties were improved through hydrolysis, wherein the shear force value decreased from 2.29 kgf in the control to 1.19 and 1.25 kgf in the FS and HBG group. Moisture percentages were highly retained, with the redness score increasing and the lightness color decreasing following hydrolysis. In conclusion, the results of this study can be a preliminary information of the effect of hydrolysis pre-treatment for BG samgyetang. Further experiments are required to compare various enzymes along with its organoleptic acceptances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouq Heidar Barido
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Hee Ju Kim
- Highlandinnovation Co., Ltd., Icheon 17392, Korea
| | - Sun Moon Kang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jae In Pak
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sung Ki Lee, Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea, Tel: +82-33-250-8646, Fax: +82-33-259-5574, E-mail:
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Barido FH, Utama DT, Kim YJ, Lee SK. Fatty acid profiles and flavour-related compounds of the retorted Korean ginseng chicken soup (Samgyetang) affected by pre-treated black garlic extract. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1080-1090. [PMID: 35507844 PMCID: PMC9271379 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to characterize the effect of pre-treated black garlic (BG) extracts addition into retorted Korean ginseng chicken soup (Samgyetang) on the fatty acid composition and flavour-related indexes. Methods Four different treatments; Samgyetang made with a 5% (w/w) addition of garlic (G), fresh BG (FBG), oven-dried BG (DBG), or encapsulated BG (EBG) extracts were developed and compared to negative control (NC) without any extract addition. Prepared samples were cooked via retorting at 121.1°C, 1.5 kgf/cm2 for 1 h. Results The BG treated samples were higher in C18:3n3 and C18:2n6 fatty acids, with thrombogenic index was 18% to 20% lower than the NC. EBG yielded the highest umami-related nucleotides (5′-guanosine monophosphate and 5′-inosine monophosphate) and modified some free amino acid (alyne, phenylalanine and leucine) thus possessed the highest equivalent umami concentration among samples. Some individual aldehydes (pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal) were lower, while furans and volatile sulfur compounds were higher than the NC and G treatment group, indicating a potential suppression of unpleasant flavour alongwith the intensificiation of favourable flavour from the addition of BG extracts into retorted Samgyetang. Conclusion Taken together, the synergistic results of this study indicate that incorportating suitable pre-treatment of BG extract could be of critical importance for the development of the retorted Samgyetang with improved flavour and functionalities.
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