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Miller WG, Myers GL, Sakurabayashi I, Bachmann LM, Caudill SP, Dziekonski A, Edwards S, Kimberly MM, Korzun WJ, Leary ET, Nakajima K, Nakamura M, Nilsson G, Shamburek RD, Vetrovec GW, Warnick GR, Remaley AT. Seven direct methods for measuring HDL and LDL cholesterol compared with ultracentrifugation reference measurement procedures. Clin Chem 2010; 56:977-86. [PMID: 20378768 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.142810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods from 7 manufacturers and 1 distributor for directly measuring HDL cholesterol (C) and LDL-C were evaluated for imprecision, trueness, total error, and specificity in nonfrozen serum samples. METHODS We performed each direct method according to the manufacturer's instructions, using a Roche/Hitachi 917 analyzer, and compared the results with those obtained with reference measurement procedures for HDL-C and LDL-C. Imprecision was estimated for 35 runs performed with frozen pooled serum specimens and triplicate measurements on each individual sample. Sera from 37 individuals without disease and 138 with disease (primarily dyslipidemic and cardiovascular) were measured by each method. Trueness and total error were evaluated from the difference between the direct methods and reference measurement procedures. Specificity was evaluated from the dispersion in differences observed. RESULTS Imprecision data based on 4 frozen serum pools showed total CVs <3.7% for HDL-C and <4.4% for LDL-C. Bias for the nondiseased group ranged from -5.4% to 4.8% for HDL-C and from -6.8% to 1.1% for LDL-C, and for the diseased group from -8.6% to 8.8% for HDL-C and from -11.8% to 4.1% for LDL-C. Total error for the nondiseased group ranged from -13.4% to 13.6% for HDL-C and from -13.3% to 13.5% for LDL-C, and for the diseased group from -19.8% to 36.3% for HDL-C and from -26.6% to 31.9% for LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Six of 8 HDL-C and 5 of 8 LDL-C direct methods met the National Cholesterol Education Program total error goals for nondiseased individuals. All the methods failed to meet these goals for diseased individuals, however, because of lack of specificity toward abnormal lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Greg Miller
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Stranges S, Laclaustra M, Ji C, Cappuccio FP, Navas-Acien A, Ordovas JM, Rayman M, Guallar E. Higher selenium status is associated with adverse blood lipid profile in British adults. J Nutr 2010; 140:81-7. [PMID: 19906812 PMCID: PMC2793123 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have raised concern about possible associations of high selenium exposure with diabetes and hyperlipidemia in the US, a population with high selenium status. In the UK, a population with lower selenium status, there is little data on the association of selenium status with cardio-metabolic risk factors in the general population. We examined the association of plasma selenium concentration with blood lipids in a nationally representative sample of British adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1042 white participants (aged 19-64 y) in the 2000-2001 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Plasma selenium was measured by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry. Total and HDL cholesterol were measured in nonfasting plasma samples. Mean plasma selenium concentration was 1.10 +/- 0.19 micromol/L. The multivariate adjusted differences between the highest (> or =1.20 micromol/L) and lowest (<0.98 micromol/L) quartiles of plasma selenium were 0.39 (95% CI 0.18, 0.60) mmol/L for total cholesterol, 0.38 (0.17, 0.59) for non-HDL cholesterol, and 0.01 (-0.05, 0.07) for HDL cholesterol. Higher plasma selenium (i.e., > or =1.20 micromol/L) was associated with increased total and non-HDL cholesterol levels but not with HDL in the UK adult population. These findings raise additional concern about potential adverse cardio-metabolic effects of high selenium status. Randomized and mechanistic evidence is necessary to assess causality and to evaluate the impact of this association on cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Stranges
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV47AL, UK.
| | - Martin Laclaustra
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV47AL, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21025; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Chen Ji
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV47AL, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21025; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Francesco P. Cappuccio
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV47AL, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21025; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV47AL, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21025; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV47AL, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21025; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Margaret Rayman
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV47AL, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21025; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV47AL, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21025; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Wang Y, Connor SL, Wang W, Johnson EJ, Connor WE. The selective retention of lutein, meso-zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin in the retina of chicks fed a xanthophyll-free diet. Exp Eye Res 2007; 84:591-8. [PMID: 17227674 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin are pigmented oxygenated carotenoids, or xanthophylls, derived from plants and concentrated in the retina of primates and birds. We investigated the transport, distribution and depletion of lutein and zeaxanthin in the plasma and tissues of newly hatched chicks fed xanthophyll-free diets. One-day-old Leghorn chicks were randomly divided into two groups. A control group was fed a diet containing lutein and zeaxanthin (5.2 and 1.7 mg/kg diet, respectively) for 28 days. An experimental group was fed a diet containing no lutein and zeaxanthin for 28 days. Plasma and tissues were analyzed for lutein and zeaxanthin at 28 days (control) and on days 1, 14 and 28 (experimental). At hatching, lutein and zeaxanthin were the predominant carotenoids present in the blood and tissues. As indicated by their similar mass contents, there was complete transfer of these carotenoids from egg yolk to chick. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the plasma and tissues of chicks fed the xanthophyll-free diet decreased rapidly to almost zero (with a depletion time of seven days [t(1/2)]). In contrast, the retina retained its initial concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin similar to the control group. meso-Zeaxanthin and cis-zeaxanthin were identified only in the retina. The retina concentrated zeaxanthin over lutein. Lutein and zeaxanthin were selectively retained in the retinas of chicks fed a xanthophyll-free diet. In contrast, the plasma and other tissues lost up to 90% of their original content of xanthophylls. These data emphasize the relative stability of lutein and zeaxanthin in the cone-rich retina where they are present as esters in oil droplets. The tissue depletion suggests the need for a regular dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin because of rapid depletion in the body. It is clear that these xanthophylls may have an essential role in the cone-rich retina of the chick as evidenced by their selective retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, L465, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 972391, USA
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Langlois MR, Blaton VH. Historical milestones in measurement of HDL-cholesterol: Impact on clinical and laboratory practice. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 369:168-78. [PMID: 16579980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) comprises a family of particles with differing physicochemical characteristics. Continuing progress in improving HDL-C analysis has originated from two separate fields-one clinical, reflecting increased attention to HDL-C in estimating risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), and the other analytical, reflecting increased emphasis on finding more reliable and cost-effective HDL-C assays. Epidemiologic and prospective studies established the inverse association of HDL-C with CHD risk, a relationship that is consistent with protective mechanisms demonstrated in basic research and animal studies. Atheroprotective and less atheroprotective HDL subpopulations have been described. Guidelines on primary and secondary CHD prevention, which increased the workload in clinical laboratories, have led to a revolution in HDL-C assay technology. Many analytical techniques including ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, chromatography, and polyanion precipitation methods have been developed to separate and quantify HDL-C and HDL subclasses. More recently developed homogeneous assays enable direct measurement of HDL-C on an automated analyzer, without the need for manual pretreatment to separate non-HDL. Although homogeneous assays show improved accuracy and precision in normal serum, discrepant results exist in samples with atypical lipoprotein characteristics. Hypertriglyceridemia and monoclonal paraproteins are important interfering factors. A novel approach is nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that allows rapid and reliable analysis of lipoprotein subclasses, which may improve the identification of individuals at increased CHD risk. Apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein of HDL, has been proposed as an alternative cardioprotective marker avoiding the analytical limitations of HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R Langlois
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, AZ St. Jan Hospital, Ruddershove 10, B-8000 Brugge, Belgium.
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Zhao W, Chaffin C, Desmond RA, Hodges B, Daly TM, Andrew Robinson C, Hardy RW. Overestimation of HDL-cholesterol using a homogeneous "direct" assay. J Clin Lab Anal 2004; 18:42-4. [PMID: 14730557 PMCID: PMC6807988 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) assays have several advantages over other assays that are more laborious and time-consuming. A recent College of American Pathologists (CAP) report indicates that at least 385 Beckman LX-20 analyzers use the selective detergent (homogeneous or direct) method for analyzing HDLc. There is no published evaluation of direct HDLc assays on the Beckman platform. Here we report our evaluation of a direct HDLc assay marketed by Beckman for the Beckman LX-20 analyzers. In general, the assay performed well; however, the total error was not within National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines. This was largely because of a significant positive bias that appeared to be due, at least in part, to triglycerides. This bias was worse at HDLc concentrations <40 mg/dL, which may make it difficult to identify a low HDLc concentration and consequently an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carolyn Chaffin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Renee A. Desmond
- Department of Medicine, Medical Statistics Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bruce Hodges
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Thomas M. Daly
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - C. Andrew Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert W. Hardy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Cobbaert C, Weykamp C, Baadenhuijsen H, Kuypers A, Lindemans J, Jansen R. Selection, Preparation, and Characterization of Commutable Frozen Human Serum Pools as Potential Secondary Reference Materials for Lipid and Apolipoprotein Measurements: Study within the Framework of the Dutch Project “Calibration 2000”. Clin Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/48.9.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: The Dutch project “Calibration 2000” aims at harmonization of laboratory results via calibration by development of matrix-based secondary reference materials. We considered the selection, preparation, and characterization of 34 potential reference materials (PRMs).Methods: Sixteen PRMs were prepared either strictly according to the NCCLS C37-A protocol or in a less stringent and more convenient way. In addition, 18 commercial, so-called human serum-based calibrators or controls were purchased and tested. Lipoprotein integrity was evaluated by examining the physicochemical characteristics of the materials. Commutability of the PRMs was assessed in 86 Dutch clinical laboratories, using a multicenter split-patient-sample between-field-method (twin-study) design. Normalized residuals of the PRMs with respect to the patient regression lines were calculated; in addition, the extra contribution of each PRM to the total measurement uncertainty (CVNetto) was calculated. On the basis of these results, the most native PRM was selected to investigate its potential to reduce interlaboratory variation and to improve lipid and apolipoprotein standardization.Results: In general, only the NCCLS C37-A-type materials displayed normalized residuals below the decision limit for commutability and had small CVNetto values ranging between 0 and 3.8%. This contrasts with the findings in regularly pooled frozen sera and lyophilized cryoprotected PRMs. In two subsequent external quality assessment surveys, the NCCLS type C37-A materials contributed to reducing the intermethod lipid and (apo)lipoprotein variation to ∼2–4%.Conclusions: NCCLS C37-A materials have a strong potential as secondary reference materials, not only for cholesterol but also for HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Cobbaert
- Amphia Hospital, 4819 EV Breda, The Netherlands
- Lipid Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cas Weykamp
- Queen Beatrix Hospital, 7100 GG Winterswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Baadenhuijsen
- Dutch Foundation for Quality Assessment in Clinical Laboratories (SKZL), University Hospital Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldy Kuypers
- Dutch Foundation for Quality Assessment in Clinical Laboratories (SKZL), University Hospital Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lindemans
- Lipid Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Jansen
- St. Anna Hospital, 5660 AB Geldrop, The Netherlands
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Nauck M, Graziani MS, Jarausch J, Bruton D, Cobbaert C, Cole TG, Colella F, Lefevre F, Gillery P, Haas B, Law T, König M, Macke M, März W, Meier C, Riesen W, van Vliet M, Wieland H, Rifai N. A new liquid homogeneous assay for HDL cholesterol determination evaluated in seven laboratories in Europe and the United States. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999; 37:1067-76. [PMID: 10726814 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1999.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated a new liquid homogeneous assay for the direct measurement of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C Plus) in seven laboratories. The assay includes two reagents which can be readily used in most available clinical chemistry analyzers. The total CVs of the new method were below 4.6% and the bias in relation to the designated comparison method was below 3.9%. The total error ranged between 4 to 7%. HDL-C values determined by this method were in good agreement with those obtained by the old homogeneous assay using lyophilized reagents, and other homogeneous and precipitation assays (0.944 < r < 0.996). The assay was linear up to at least 3.89 mmol/l HDL-C. Hemoglobin did not interfere, whereas in icteric samples slight deviations were observed. Lipemia up to 11.3 to 22.6 mmol/l triglycerides did not interfere with this homogeneous HDL-C assay. In samples of patients with paraproteinemia, discrepant results were seen. This liquid homogeneous HDL-C assay was easy to handle and produced similar results in all laboratories participating in this study. This method will enable clinical laboratories to reliably measure HDL-C for risk assessment of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nauck
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Germany.
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