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Potterveld SK, Sangoi AR. Seminal Vesicle Stromal Lipofuscinosis: A Rare Incidental Finding with Potential for Misdiagnosis. Int J Surg Pathol 2023:10668969231215424. [PMID: 38058146 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231215424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a patient with isolated stromal lipofuscinosis of the seminal vesicle, a rare entity characterized by intracytoplasmic pigmented granules within stromal cells intimately surrounding seminal vesicle epithelium. Only 4 patients with this unusual phenomenon have been previously reported in the literature. Recognizing this incidental and presumably non-pathologic finding is important to prevent misclassification as a more concerning lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankur R Sangoi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Bahmad HF, Gogola S, Rejzer M, Stoyanov K, Gomez AS, Valencia AK, Cummings A, Skerry T, Alloush F, Aljamal AA, Deb A, Alghamdi S, Poppiti R. Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8948-8972. [PMID: 37887547 PMCID: PMC10605475 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the dissemination of neoplastic cells within the perineural space. PNI can be a strong indicator of malignancy and is linked to poor prognosis and adverse outcomes in various malignant neoplasms; nevertheless, it can also be seen in benign pathologic conditions. In this review article, we discuss various signaling pathways and neurotrophic factors implicated in the development and progression of PNI. We also describe the methodology, benefits, and limitations of different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of PNI. The spectrum of presentation for PNI can range from diffuse spread within large nerves ("named" nerves) all the way through localized spread into unnamed microscopic nerves. Therefore, the clinical significance of PNI is related to its extent rather than its mere presence or absence. In this article, we discuss the guidelines for the identification and quantification of PNI in different malignant neoplasms based on the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. We also describe benign pathologic conditions and neoplasms demonstrating PNI and potential mimics of PNI. Finally, we explore avenues for the future development of targeted therapy options via modulation of signaling pathways involved in PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F. Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (F.A.); (A.D.); (S.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Samantha Gogola
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.); (K.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.-K.V.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Michael Rejzer
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.); (K.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.-K.V.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Kalin Stoyanov
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.); (K.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.-K.V.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Aaron S. Gomez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.); (K.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.-K.V.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Ann-Katrin Valencia
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.); (K.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.-K.V.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Adonicah Cummings
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.); (K.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.-K.V.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Timothy Skerry
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.); (K.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.-K.V.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Ferial Alloush
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (F.A.); (A.D.); (S.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Abed A. Aljamal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Arunima Deb
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (F.A.); (A.D.); (S.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Sarah Alghamdi
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (F.A.); (A.D.); (S.A.); (R.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (F.A.); (A.D.); (S.A.); (R.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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3
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Jo VY, Russell-Goldman E, Yoon CH, Doyle LA, Hanna J. Melanoma arising in extracutaneous cellular blue nevus: report of two cases with comparison to cutaneous counterparts and uveal melanoma. Histopathology 2022; 81:625-634. [PMID: 35941700 DOI: 10.1111/his.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Blue nevi are benign melanocytic lesions that typically occur in the dermis. Melanoma arising in blue nevus is rare and shows a molecular profile distinct from conventional forms of cutaneous melanoma and more similar to uveal melanoma and central nervous system (CNS) melanocytomas. In contrast to conventional cutaneous melanoma, these tumor types typically show activating driver mutations in GNAQ or GNA11, a low mutational burden without evidence of a UV signature, and a reproducible pattern of chromosomal copy number changes. Blue nevi can also occur at extracutaneous sites. Here we report two cases of melanoma arising in extracutaneous blue nevus and compare their molecular features to cohorts of melanoma arising in cutaneous blue nevus (5 patients) and uveal melanoma (6 patients). METHODS AND RESULTS We describe the clinical, histomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings in these two cases of melanoma arising in extracutaneous blue nevus. We compare their molecular profiles to melanomas arising in cutaneous blue nevus and uveal melanoma using a targeted next-generation DNA sequencing platform and find striking similarities between all three groups. CONCLUSIONS The close relationship between blue nevus-associated melanomas, regardless of their anatomic site, supports and validates the concept of melanoma arising in extracutaneous blue nevus and suggests that the two groups share common pathogenic mechanisms. The similarity of both groups to uveal melanoma in turn supports the close relationship between blue nevus-associated melanoma, uveal melanoma, and CNS melanocytoma, and their distinction from conventional UV-associated melanoma. These findings have important implications for prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Y Jo
- Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleanor Russell-Goldman
- Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Departments of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leona A Doyle
- Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Hanna
- Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Satake K, Sudo T, Sugino T, Yoshikawa S, Kiyohara Y, Hayashi T, Nakashima K, Goto K. Large Plaque-type Blue Nevus with GNAQ Q209P Mutation, Involving Mammary Gland Tissue: Under-Recognized Mammary Condition as an Origin of Primary Mammary Melanocytic Tumors. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:e248-e253. [PMID: 34231495 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plaque-type blue nevus is a rare variant of blue nevi that was first described in 1954. This article presents clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, and genetic findings for a case of large plaque-type blue nevus expanding into the mammary gland tissue as well as the skin of the right breast. A 63-year-old woman presented with a congenital, large, blue-colored macule limited to the hypochondriac area of the right breast. A nodule 8 mm in diameter was also present in the mammary gland tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging was unable to detect diffuse melanin deposition in the mammary gland tissue, but pigmentation in the whole mammary parenchyma was observed in the cut surfaces of the mastectomy specimen. Histopathology revealed a sparse distribution of dendritic melanocytes in whole sections of the mammary fibrous tissue and partial sections of the dermis. The histopathological criteria for atypical cellular blue nevus were fulfilled for the mammary tumor. Nodal blue nevus was diagnosed in the sentinel lymph node. Sanger sequencing confirmed the GNAQ Q209P mutation, which was also identified in all 4 literature cases of plaque-type blue nevus, but rarely in conventional blue nevi and uveal melanoma. It should be noted that plaque-type blue nevus can expand into the mammary gland tissue, even if the pigmented lesion does not exist on the overlying breast skin. The mammary condition can be the origin of primary mammary melanocytic tumors. Mosaicism of the GNAQ Q209P mutation can be a characteristic genetic alteration to extensive blue nevi, including plaque-type blue nevus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Satake
- Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sudo
- Section of Translational Research, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kiyohara
- Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hayashi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakashima
- Department of Breast Imaging and Breast Interventional Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Itabashi Central Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan ; and
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Shah K, Folpe AL, Miller M, Morgan JA, Raut CP, Doyle LA. Primary intra-abdominal melanoma arising in association with extracutaneous blue naevus: a report of two cases. Histopathology 2020; 78:281-289. [PMID: 32698251 DOI: 10.1111/his.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Blue naevi are uncommon dermal melanocytic neoplasms characterised by GNAQ/GNA11 mutations, which very rarely progress to melanoma. Such melanomas also often have BAP1 mutations, and lack genetic events associated with conventional melanoma. Exceptionally, blue naevi arise in extracutaneous locations; one melanoma arising in this setting has been reported. We report the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic features of two cases of melanoma arising in extracutaneous blue naevus. METHODS AND RESULTS Both arose in males, aged 25 and 63 years, with no history of other melanocytic lesions, and presented as large, painful intra-abdominal masses. The tumours were dark-brown/black, multilobulated, involved small intestinal mesentery and consisted of a predominantly fascicular and spindled, but occasionally nested and epithelioid, proliferation of variably pigmented, relatively monotonous cells with pale cytoplasm and ovoid nuclei with mild to moderate atypia. Mitotic activity was variable but generally low. Both cases showed areas of conventional and cellular blue naevus. Recurrent tumour in one case showed predominantly epithelioid morphology and greater cytological atypia and mitotic activity. One case expressed Melan-A, SOX10 and CD117, with absent expression of S100 protein and DOG1; the other expressed Melan-A, HMB45 and S100 protein. Next-generation sequencing identified GNAQ and BAP1 mutations in one case and GNA11 mutation in the other. Both patients developed widespread metastatic disease. CONCLUSION Exceptionally rare, aggressive melanomas arising in extracutaneous blue naevi should be distinguished from metastatic melanoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumour and malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumour, especially given the significant therapeutic and prognostic differences between these different entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabeer Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew L Folpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Morgan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chandrajit P Raut
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leona A Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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A Rare Case of Multifocal Prostatic Blue Nevus. Case Rep Urol 2018; 2018:7820717. [PMID: 29682392 PMCID: PMC5841115 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7820717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatic blue nevus is a rare benign pathologic diagnosis most commonly diagnosed incidentally on many different types of prostate specimens. Blue nevus is the deposition of stromal melanin characterized by spindle cells within the fibromuscular stroma which stains positive for melanin-specific stains Fontana-Masson and S100 and stains negative for CD68, HMB45, and iron stains. We report the case of a multifocal and bilateral blue nevus in a 52-year-old Hispanic male who presented with an elevated prostate-specific antigen of 4.3 and mild obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms, found by transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy. The biopsy also revealed benign prostatic tissue with postatrophic hyperplasia and chronic inflammation. This is the 35th reported case of prostatic blue nevus and the third to show multifocal blue nevus.
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Abstract
Metastatic involvement of the prostate from noncontiguous solid tumors is a rare event occurring by means of vascular dissemination. The reported cases of biopsy and surgical samples with metastatic involvement have increased; however, a comprehensive understanding of secondary tumors of the prostate is currently missing. Metastases to the prostate carry a dismal prognosis and may pose serious diagnostic challenges to both clinicians and pathologists, with crucial therapeutic implications. Secondary tumors of the prostate spread more frequently from the digestive tract, the lung, and the kidney. The integration of clinicoradiologic data with appropriate pathologic and immunohistochemical analyses is essential for the identification and the characterization of secondary tumors of the prostate, whereas molecular analyses could provide additional and complementary information, enabling precise diagnosis and appropriate clinical management. Patients with solitary metastases could benefit from prostatic resection and adjuvant therapy, whereas in cases of disseminated diseases, symptom control may be obtained with palliative procedures. The purpose of this review was to assess the current state of knowledge of secondary tumors involving the prostate gland and to discuss short-term future perspectives, while providing a practical approach to these uncommon conditions for pathologists and oncologists.
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Abstract
Prostatic melanosis is a very rare, benign lesion characterized by the presence of melanin in the epithelium of the prostate gland and stromal dendritic cells, requiring no additional treatment. It constitutes the melanocytic lesions of the prostate together with blue nevus and malignant melanoma. We present a case with prostatic melanosis because it is rarely seen and its distinction from malignant melanoma is clinicopathologically very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gucer
- Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Pelin Bagci
- Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
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9
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Montalvo N, Redrobán L. Unusual histopathological diagnosis of prostatic blue nevus: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2013; 7:291. [PMID: 24377954 PMCID: PMC3917423 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-7-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostatic blue nevus was first described as a benign lesion of uncertain and controversial histogenesis by Nogogosyan in 1963. Currently, 30 cases have been reported in the world literature. Case presentation A 63-year-old Hispanic man presented with prostatism of several months’ evolution. Histopathological examination revealed a blue nevus associated with nodular hyperplasia and acute inflammation. Conclusion Prostatic blue nevus is a rare and unusual, histologically benign prostatic lesion with limited clinical significance and a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Montalvo
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Metropolitano, Av, Mariana de Jesus s/n y Nicolás Arteta, Quito, Ecuador.
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Ishida M, Kagotani A, Yoshida K, Iwai M, Okabe H. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma concurrent with a blue nevus of the endometrium and uterine cervix: A case report. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1219-1221. [PMID: 24179498 PMCID: PMC3813810 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A blue nevus is a benign melanocytic lesion that is composed of spindle-shaped pigmented melanocytes. Although the uterine cervix is believed to be the most common extracutaneous location of blue nevi, the occurrence of these lesions in the endometrial stroma has been reported, albeit rarely. The present study describes a case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma concurrent with a blue nevus of the endometrium and uterine cervix. A 58-year-old female presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. A biopsy from the endometrium revealed an endometrioid adenocarcinoma and subsequently, a total hysterectomy was performed. Histopathological study revealed the proliferation of columnar cells that formed irregularly-shaped tubular and cribriform glands. The neoplastic columnar cells had large, round to oval nuclei containing a single small nucleolus. Focal squamous differentiation was noted. In the stroma of the non-neoplastic endometrium, single or small aggregates of short spindle-shaped cells containing melanin without atypia were observed. These melanocytes were also present in the endocervix. Therefore, the final diagnosis was of endometrioid adenocarcinoma concurrent with a blue nevus of the endometrium and cervix. This is the first documented case of a blue nevus of the endometrium and endocervix. The pathogenesis of blue nevi of the genital tract is not yet completely understood. Possible origins of these cells include Schwann cells or perineural cells of the peripheral nerve fiber or the abnormal migration of neural crest-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Bel Haj Salah M, Hergli I, Nechi S, Khanchel F, Khayat O, Chadly-Debbiche A. [Pigmented lesion of the prostate]. Ann Pathol 2013; 33:74-6. [PMID: 23472901 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mériam Bel Haj Salah
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Habib Thameur, 8, rue Aly-Ben-Ayed, Montfleury, 1008 Tunis, Tunisie.
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12
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Amelanotic cellular blue nevus: an unusual iris localization. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2012; 2012:209603. [PMID: 23008791 PMCID: PMC3431064 DOI: 10.1155/2012/209603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors describe the first case of eye amelanotic cellular blue nevus reported in literature and discuss the main differential diagnosis.
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Abstract
Non-epithelial prostatic neoplasms are infrequent and cover a broad array of entities that include both benign and highly aggressive tumours. Because they are very infrequent, there is often limited understanding of them, and the recognition of these entities, when encountered, may pose a diagnostic challenge, owing to histological overlap between them or their rarity. Most lesions in this category are mesenchymal in origin, such as prostatic stromal tumours arising from specialized prostatic stroma, smooth muscle tumours, both benign and malignant, and solitary fibrous tumours. Less commonly occurring tumours include neural, germ cell and melanocytic tumours that may be derived from cells not normally present in the prostate. Some tumours have well-established extraprostatic counterparts and, when encountered, are more commonly extraprostatic/secondary in origin; these include gastrointestinal stromal tumours and most haematopoietic tumours. The majority of tumours are characterized by a spindle cell pattern with significant overlap in morphological features. In this setting, appropriate use of immunohistochemistry and molecular studies are often necessary for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, or prediction for therapy. This review addresses and updates the clinicopathological features of the entire spectrum of non-epithelial tumours with an approach to the histological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladell P Paner
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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