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The role of histone methylation in renal cell cancer: an update. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2735-2742. [PMID: 36575323 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2-3% of all cancers. It is difficult to diagnose early. Recently, genome-wide studies have identified that histone methylation was one of the functional classes that is most frequently dysregulated in renal cell cancer. Mutation or mis-regulation of histone methylation, methyltransferases, demethylases are associated with gene expression and tumor progression in renal cell cancer. Herein, we summarize histone methylations, demethylases and their alterations and mechanisms in renal cell cancer.
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2
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Day CA, Hinchcliffe EH, Robinson JP. H3K27me3 in Diffuse Midline Glioma and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Opposing Epigenetic Changes Leading to the Same Poor Outcomes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213376. [PMID: 36359771 PMCID: PMC9655269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications modulate gene expression through epigenetic gene regulation. The core histone H3 family members, H3.1, H3.2, and H3.3, play a central role in epigenetics. H3 histones can acquire many post-translational modifications, including the trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3), which represses transcription. Triple methylation of H3K27 is performed by the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2), a component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. Both global increases and decreases in H3K27me3 have been implicated in a wide range of cancer types. Here, we explore how opposing changes in H3K27me3 contribute to cancer by highlighting its role in two vastly different cancer types; (1) a form of glioma known as diffuse midline glioma H3K27-altered and (2) epithelial ovarian cancer. These two cancers vary widely in the age of onset, sex, associated mutations, and cell and organ type. However, both diffuse midline glioma and ovarian cancer have dysregulation of H3K27 methylation, triggering changes to the cancer cell transcriptome. In diffuse midline glioma, the loss of H3K27 methylation is a primary driving factor in tumorigenesis that promotes glial cell stemness and silences tumor suppressor genes. Conversely, hypermethylation of H3K27 occurs in late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer, which promotes tumor vascularization and tumor cell migration. By using each cancer type as a case study, this review emphasizes the importance of H3K27me3 in cancer while demonstrating that the mechanisms of histone H3 modification and subsequent gene expression changes are not a one-size-fits-all across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Day
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Edward H. Hinchcliffe
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James P. Robinson
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Kang N, Eccleston M, Clermont PL, Latarani M, Male DK, Wang Y, Crea F. EZH2 inhibition: a promising strategy to prevent cancer immune editing. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1457-1476. [PMID: 32938196 PMCID: PMC7607396 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are revolutionizing the clinical management of a wide range of cancers. However, intrinsic or acquired unresponsiveness to immunotherapies does occur due to the dynamic cancer immunoediting which ultimately leads to immune escape. The evolutionarily conserved histone modifier enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) is aberrantly overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Accumulating studies indicate that EZH2 is a main driver of cancer cells' immunoediting and mediate immune escape through downregulating immune recognition and activation, upregulating immune checkpoints and creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we overviewed the roles of EZH2 in cancer immunoediting, the preclinical and clinical studies of current pharmacologic EZH2 inhibitors and the prospects for EZH2 inhibitor and immunotherapy combination for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mark Eccleston
- Belgian Volition SPRL, Parc Scientifique Créalys, Rue Phocas Lejeune 22, BE-5032 Isnes, Belgium
| | - Pier-Luc Clermont
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maryam Latarani
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - David Kingsley Male
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver Prostate Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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4
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Eichenauer T, Simmendinger L, Fraune C, Mandelkow T, Blessin NC, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Möller K, Clauditz T, Weidemann S, Dahlem R, Fisch M, Riechardt S, Simon R, Sauter G, Büscheck F, Rink M. High level of EZH2 expression is linked to high density of CD8-positive T-lymphocytes and an aggressive phenotype in renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2020; 39:481-490. [PMID: 32303902 PMCID: PMC7910252 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic part of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), has a prognostic role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and was recently shown to modulate the immune response by reducing tumor cell immunogenicity. Methods To investigate whether the prognostic role of EZH2 might be driven by a modified immune environment, more than 1800 RCCs were analyzed in a tissue microarray for EZH2 expression and CD8 positive lymphocytes were quantitated by automated digital imaging. Results EZH2 positivity was found in 75.2% of 1603 interpretable tumors. In clear cell RCC, high EZH2 expression was significantly linked to high ISUP, Furmann, and Thoenes grade (p < 0.0001 each), advanced stage (p < 0.0001), nodal (p = 0.0190) and distant metastasis (p < 0.0001) as well as shortened overall (p < 0.0027) and recurrence free survival (p < 0.0001). The density of CD8+ cells varied from 0 to 5048 cells/mm2 (Median 120 cells/mm2). A high CD8+ count was significantly associated with high ISUP, Fuhrmann, and Thoenes grade (p < 0.0001 each), advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0041), distant metastasis (p = 0.0026) as well as reduced overall survival (p = 0.0373) and recurrence free survival (p = 0.0450). The density of CD8+ cells continuously increased with raising EZH2 levels (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our data support a striking prognostic role of both EZH2 expression and the density of CD8+ cells in RCC. The tight relationship of EZH2 expression and CD8+ cell counts in RCC is consistent with models suggesting that EZH2 overexpression can be caused by high lymphocyte content in certain tumor types. Such a mechanism could explain the unique finding of high lymphocyte counts driving poor prognosis in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Eichenauer
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luca Simmendinger
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Mandelkow
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Dahlem
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Riechardt
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Epigenetic Regulation of EMT (Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition) and Tumor Aggressiveness: A View on Paradoxical Roles of KDM6B and EZH2. EPIGENOMES 2018; 3:epigenomes3010001. [PMID: 34991274 PMCID: PMC8594212 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) is a plastic phenomenon involved in metastasis formation. Its plasticity is conferred in a great part by its epigenetic regulation. It has been reported that the trimethylation of lysine 27 histone H3 (H3K27me3) was a master regulator of EMT through two antagonist enzymes that regulate this mark, the methyltransferase EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) and the lysine demethylase KDM6B (lysine femethylase 6B). Here we report that EZH2 and KDM6B are overexpressed in numerous cancers and involved in the aggressive phenotype and EMT in various cell lines by regulating a specific subset of genes. The first paradoxical role of these enzymes is that they are antagonistic, but both involved in cancer aggressiveness and EMT. The second paradoxical role of EZH2 and KDM6B during EMT and cancer aggressiveness is that they are also inactivated or under-expressed in some cancer types and linked to epithelial phenotypes in other cancer cell lines. We also report that new cancer therapeutic strategies are targeting KDM6B and EZH2, but the specificity of these treatments may be increased by learning more about the mechanisms of action of these enzymes and their specific partners or target genes in different cancer types.
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Perron G, Jandaghi P, Solanki S, Safisamghabadi M, Storoz C, Karimzadeh M, Papadakis AI, Arseneault M, Scelo G, Banks RE, Tost J, Lathrop M, Tanguay S, Brazma A, Huang S, Brimo F, Najafabadi HS, Riazalhosseini Y. A General Framework for Interrogation of mRNA Stability Programs Identifies RNA-Binding Proteins that Govern Cancer Transcriptomes. Cell Rep 2018; 23:1639-1650. [PMID: 29742422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread remodeling of the transcriptome is a signature of cancer; however, little is known about the post-transcriptional regulatory factors, including RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate mRNA stability, and the extent to which RBPs contribute to cancer-associated pathways. Here, by modeling the global change in gene expression based on the effect of sequence-specific RBPs on mRNA stability, we show that RBP-mediated stability programs are recurrently deregulated in cancerous tissues. Particularly, we uncovered several RBPs that contribute to the abnormal transcriptome of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including PCBP2, ESRP2, and MBNL2. Modulation of these proteins in cancer cell lines alters the expression of pathways that are central to the disease and highlights RBPs as driving master regulators of RCC transcriptome. This study presents a framework for the screening of RBP activities based on computational modeling of mRNA stability programs in cancer and highlights the role of post-transcriptional gene dysregulation in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Perron
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Pouria Jandaghi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Shraddha Solanki
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Maryam Safisamghabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Cristina Storoz
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mehran Karimzadeh
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Andreas I Papadakis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Madeleine Arseneault
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Rosamonde E Banks
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Simon Tanguay
- Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Hamed S Najafabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Yasser Riazalhosseini
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
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7
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Nienstedt JC, Schroeder C, Clauditz T, Simon R, Sauter G, Muenscher A, Blessmann M, Hanken H, Pflug C. EZH2 overexpression in head and neck cancer is related to lymph node metastasis. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:240-245. [PMID: 29285811 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2, plays an important role in tumor development and progression by interacting with histone and non-histone proteins. EZH2 represents a putative therapeutic target and has been suggested as a prognostic marker in several cancer types. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study investigates the prognostic relevance of immunohistochemical EZH2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue microarray sections with 667 cancers of oral cavity, oro- and hypopharynx and larynx were analyzed for EZH2 expression. RESULTS Nuclear EZH2 staining was recorded in 322 (81.8%) of 394 cases. Staining was weak in 33 (10.2%), moderate in 128 (39.6%), and strong in 103 (32.0%) cancers. The prevalence of EZH2 expression in tumors of the oral cavity and the orohypopharynx was higher as compared to cancers of the larynx (P = .0023). EZH2 expression was correlated to presence of lymph node metastasis (P = .0089) but was unrelated to histological grade, tumor stage, surgical margin, or distant metastasis. EZH2 expression had no impact on patient survival. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of EZH2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stresses its capability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Nienstedt
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Surgical Sciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Muenscher
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Blessmann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Surgical Sciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Hanken
- Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Pflug
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Chen K, Xiao H, Zeng J, Yu G, Zhou H, Huang C, Yao W, Xiao W, Hu J, Guan W, Wu L, Huang J, Huang Q, Xu H, Ye Z. Alternative Splicing of EZH2 pre-mRNA by SF3B3 Contributes to the Tumorigenic Potential of Renal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3428-3441. [PMID: 27879367 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Deregulation or mutation of the EZH2 gene causes various tumors, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Although several splice variants of EZH2 have been identified, little is known about how EZH2 splicing is regulated or the contribution of alternative splicing to its protumorigenic functions.Experimental Design: We conducted RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and IHC techniques to examine EZH2 and its alternative splicing transcript expression in renal cancer tissue and renal cancer cell lines. Proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity of renal cancer cells either exhibiting knockdown of EZH2 or its splicing factor SF3B3 were assessed by CCK8, Transwell assay, and murine xenograft experiments.Results: We found that the inclusion of alternative EZH2 exon 14 was significantly increased in ccRCC samples and renal cancer cell lines. In ccRCC lines, enforced expression of EZH2Δ14 inhibited, and EZH2 promoted, cell growth, migration, proliferation, and tumorigenicity in a xenograft model. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EZH2Δ14 isoform functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of full-length EZH2. Coexpression of EZH2Δ14 variant with full-length EZH2 not only abrogated DAB2IP and HOXA9 suppression but also inhibited EZH2-driven tumorigenesis. Strikingly, the splicing factor SF3B3 stimulates inclusion of exon14 and has pro-proliferative activity. Importantly, the upregulation of SF3B3 expression observed in clinical ccRCC samples parallels the increased inclusion of EZH2 exon14, and the SF3B3 level is associated with higher tumor stage and poor overall survival.Conclusions: These results suggest SF3B3 as a key regulator of EZH2 pre-mRNA splicing and SF3B3 may represent a novel prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target in ccRCC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3428-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gan Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 HUANGJIAHU Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qihong Huang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China. .,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Li CP, Cai MY, Jiang LJ, Mai SJ, Chen JW, Wang FW, Liao YJ, Chen WH, Jin XH, Pei XQ, Guan XY, Zeng MS, Xie D. CLDN14 is epigenetically silenced by EZH2-mediated H3K27ME3 and is a novel prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:557-566. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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10
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Xing T, He H. Epigenomics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: mechanisms and potential use in molecular pathology. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:80-91. [PMID: 27041930 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one frequent form of urologic malignancy with numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. This review summarizes the recent major findings of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs and recently identified long noncoding RNAs in the development and progression of ccRCC. These epigenetic profilings can provide a promising means of prognostication and early diagnosis for patients with ccRCCs. With the developed high-throughput technologies nowadays, the epigenetic analyses will have possible clinical applications in the molecular pathology of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Xing
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 2 Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying He
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 2 Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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11
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Semeniuk-Wojtaś A, Stec R, Szczylik C. Are primary renal cell carcinoma and metastases of renal cell carcinoma the same cancer? Urol Oncol 2016; 34:215-20. [PMID: 26850779 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a process consisting of cells spreading from the primary site of the cancer to distant parts of the body. Our understanding of this spread is limited and molecular mechanisms causing particular characteristics of metastasis are still unknown. There is some evidence that primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and metastases of RCC exhibit molecular differences that may effect on the biological characteristics of the tumor. Some authors have detected differences in clear cell and nonclear cell component between these 2 groups of tumors. Investigators have also determined that primary RCC and metastases of RCC diverge in their range of renal-specific markers and other protein expression, gene expression pattern, and microRNA expression. There are also certain proteins that are variously expressed in primary RCCs and their metastases and have effect on clinical outcome, e.g., endothelin receptor type B, phos-S6, and CD44. However, further studies are needed on large cohorts of patients to identify differences representing promising targets for prognostic purposes predicting disease-free survival and the metastatic burden of a patient as well as their suitability as potential therapeutic targets. To sum up, in this review we have attempted to summarize studies connected with differences between primary RCC and its metastases and their influence on the biological characteristics of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafał Stec
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Chen S, Huang L, Sun K, Wu D, Li M, Li M, Zhong B, Chen M, Zhang S. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 as an independent prognostic marker for cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125480. [PMID: 25974088 PMCID: PMC4431777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel biomarkers are of particular interest for predicting cancer prognosis. This study aimed to explore the associations between enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and patient survival in various cancers. Methods Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science databases. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Forty-nine studies (8,050 patients) were included. High EZH2 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74, 95% CI: 1.46–2.07), disease-free (HR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.27–1.99), metastasis-free (HR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.38–3.47), progression-free (HR 2.53, 95% CI: 1.52–4.21), cancer-specific (HR 3.13, 95% CI: 1.70–5.74), and disease-specific (HR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.56–3.35) survival, but not recurrence-free survival (HR 1.38, 95% CI: 0.93–2.06). Moreover, EZH2 expression significantly correlated with distant metastasis (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.07–9.87) in esophageal carcinoma; differentiation (OR 3.00, 95% CI: 1.37–6.55) in non-small cell lung cancer; TNM stage (OR 3.18, 95% CI: 2.49–4.08) in renal cell carcinoma; and histological grade (OR 4.50, 95% CI: 3.33–6.09), estrogen receptor status (OR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.11–0.20) and progesterone receptor status (OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.23–0.39) in breast cancer. Conclusions Our results suggested that EZH2 might be an independent prognostic factor for multiple survival measures in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Division of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyu Sun
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dexi Wu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Minrui Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Manying Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bihui Zhong
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (MC)
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (MC)
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13
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Hirata H, Hinoda Y, Shahryari V, Deng G, Nakajima K, Tabatabai ZL, Ishii N, Dahiya R. Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Aggressive Renal Cell Carcinoma through Ezh2 and Interacts with miR-205. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1322-31. [PMID: 25600645 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have emerged as new gene regulators and prognostic markers in several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, we investigated the contributions of the lncRNA MALAT1 in RCC with a specific focus on its transcriptional regulation and its interactions with Ezh2 and miR-205. We found that MALAT1 expression was higher in human RCC tissues, where it was associated with reduced patient survival. MALAT1 silencing decreased RCC cell proliferation and invasion and increased apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that MALAT1 was transcriptionally activated by c-Fos and that it interacted with Ezh2. After MALAT1 silencing, E-cadherin expression was increased, whereas β-catenin expression was decreased through Ezh2. Reciprocal interaction between MALAT1 and miR-205 was also observed. Lastly, MALAT1 bound Ezh2 and oncogenesis facilitated by MALAT1 was inhibited by Ezh2 depletion, thereby blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition via E-cadherin recovery and β-catenin downregulation. Overall, our findings illuminate how overexpression of MALAT1 confers an oncogenic function in RCC that may offer a novel theranostic marker in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yuji Hinoda
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Varahram Shahryari
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Guoren Deng
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Koichi Nakajima
- Department of Urology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Z Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Pathology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nobuhisa Ishii
- Department of Urology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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14
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Czarnecka AM, Kukwa W, Kornakiewicz A, Lian F, Szczylik C. Clinical and molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers in clear cell renal cell cancer. Future Oncol 2014; 10:2493-508. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The natural history of clear cell renal cell cancer is highly unpredictable with various progressors and with populations where small renal masses may be accompanied by metastatic disease. Currently, there is a critical need to determine patient risk and optimize treatment regimes. For these patients, molecular markers may offer significant information in terms of prognostic and predictive values, as well as determination of valid therapeutic targets. Until now, only a few of the many identified clear cell renal cell cancer biomarkers have been clinically validated in large cohorts. And only several biomarkers are integrated in predictive or prognostic models. Therefore, a large cohesive effort is required to advance the field of clear cell renal cell cancer prognostic biomarkers through systematic discovery, verification, validation and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kukwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kornakiewicz
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fei Lian
- Department of Urology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
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