Analyzing Water Management Issues Using GIS: The Case of Nigeria

Assessment of water resources development and exploitation in Nigeria: A review of integrated water resources management approach

This research aims to review the current state and limitations of water resources management in Nigeria and explore how adopting an integrated approach to water management can strengthen socio-economic development. As the support for integrated water resources management (IWRM) grows, it is necessary to explore how feasible it is in the Nigerian context especially with many Nigerian states facing water stress even with the country's substantial resources. This paper reviews literature related to the implementation of IWRM around the world with particular reference to developing countries in Africa and draws parallels between their experience and the possibilities that exist for IWRM in Nigeria. Progress on adopting IWRM in Nigeria is discussed and the pitfalls to implementing IWRM in practice are identified. Among the hindrances to effective water resources management in the country is the lack of good water governance, which has affected the quality of water legislation and institutions. This paper concludes that the slow progress of IWRM implementation in Nigeria is the result of an unclear framework for implementing IWRM in the country. This paper recommends an iterative approach to implementing IWRM that allows for adaptation and is tailored to solve specific water problems in Nigeria.

The effect of hydraulic retention time on microalgae-based activated sludge process for Wupa sewage treatment plant, Nigeria

This study evaluated the efficiency of microalgae activated sludge (MAAS) for wastewater treatment by investigating the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on MAAS using batch regime pilot scale photobioreactors at Wupa Wastewater Treatment Plant. The outcome of the study showed that MAAS has a comparably high wastewater treatment performance in comparison with the current Wupa Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTPA) activated sludge (AS) method and is capable of treating wastewater to the defined Nigerian effluent standards. It was further revealed that treatment performance for most parameters were optimal from HRT₃ (6-day hydraulic retention time). Precisely, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and BOD₅ had highest removal efficiency at HRT₃ with average total removal of 81.36%, 91.77% and 87.04% respectively. Correspondingly, the average percentage DO increment peaked at HRT₃ with a value of 269.7%. In addition, there was a general deterioration of SVI with increasing HRT, particularly after HRT₂ (4-day HRT). Notably, SVI₃₀ was significantly good at HRT₁ and HRT₂ with SVI values of 48.6 ml/g and 105.52 ml/g; however, from HRT₃ down to HRT₉, the SVI₃₀ became remarkably increases greater than that of HRT₁ and HRT₂, with values ranging from 685.61 to 1832.46 ml/g, which indicates a badly bulking sludge. The MAAS system is recommended as an attractive alternative to the conventional AS wastewater treatment in Nigeria and by extension West African subregion.