Photoluminescence Studies on Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide Powder for Optoelectronic Devices

Electrochemical monitoring of bisphenol-s through nanostructured tin oxide/Nafion/GCE: A solution to environmental pollution

Over the past few decades, phenolic compounds have been broadly exploited in the industries to be utilized in several applications including polycarbonate plastic, food containers, epoxy resins, etc. One of the major compounds in phenolics is Bisphenol-S (BPS) which has dominantly replaced Bisphenol-A in several applications. Phenolic compounds are extensively drained into the environment without proper treatment and cause several health hazards. Thus, to tackle this serious problem an electrochemical sensor based on SnO₂/GCE has been successfully engineered to monitor the low-level concentration of BPS in water samples. The fabrication of SnO₂ nanoparticles (SnO₂ NPs) was confirmed through FTIR, XRD, and TEM to examine the size, crystallinity, internal texture, and functionalities of the prepared material. The fabricated material was exploited as a chemically modified sensor for the determination of BPS in water samples collected from different sources. Under optimal conditions such as scan sweep 100 mV/s, PBS electrolyte pH of 6, potential window (0.3-1.3 V), the proposed sensor manifested an excellent response for BPS. The LOD of the present method for BPS was calculated as 0.007 μM, respectively. Moreover, the stability and selectivity profile of SnO₂/GCE for BPS in the real matrix was examined to be outstanding.

A study of the structural, morphological, and optical properties of shock treated SnO2 nanoparticles: removal of Victoria blue dye

In this work, Tin Oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by green microwave followed by hydrothermal methods, using tea extract as a reducing agent. To verify the stability of physical and chemical properties of SnO₂ NPs, samples were subjected to shock impulsion experimentation. Different characterization techniques were employed to analyze the crystallinity, molecular structure, and optical parameters of the control SnO₂ and shock wave exposed SnO₂ NPs. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) revealed no significant change in crystal structure. Williamson – Hall analysis demonstrates that the stress and strain between Sn–O changes during the impulsion of shocks. Rietveld analysis reveals change in the bond length between Sn–O. The molecular structure is not affected during shock loading, but the optical properties do change. From the photocatalytic experiment, we find that the parameters such as stress, strain, and bond length make an enormous impact in photocatalytic application.

Fabrication of Cross-Linked PMMA/SnO2 Nanocomposites for Highly Efficient Removal of Chromium (III) from Wastewater

In recent times, developments in polymer application properties have required the design of different polymer structures more than ever. Cross-linked polymers (CPs) could be considered a good candidate material for potential applications when used in conjunction with nanoparticles. Cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate nanocomposites are considered to be one of the most commonly polymeric adsorbents due to their varied and simple modification methods. A new class of C-PMMA/SnO_2(a–d) nanocomposites have been fabricated as surface-selective adsorbents of Cr (III) with a good yield and different loading of SnO₂ nanoparticles. The morphology, molecular structures, and thermal stability of the new cross-linked polymers were examined using a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), the Fourier Transform Infrared method (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The adsorption study of C-PMMA/SnO₂ was investigated, and an efficient level of adsorption for Cr (III) cations was detected. To evaluate the potential for the new polymers to be used as adsorbents against Cr (III) ions, the contact time, the initial concentration of Cr (III), and the effects of pH were studied. The introduction of SnO₂ into the polymer network enhanced the efficiency of the adsorption of heavy metals. The C-PMMA/SnO₂ is highly efficient at removing Cr (III) ions in wastewater samples at pH 6 for one hour. The adsorption study demonstrated that the adsorption capacity of C-PMMA/SnO₂c for Cr (III) was 1.76 mg /g, and its adsorption isotherm agreed with the Langmuir adsorption model.

Role of Anions in the Synthesis and Crystal Growth of Selected Semiconductors

The ideal methods for the preparation of semiconductors should be reproducible and possess the ability to control the morphology of the particles with monodispersity yields. Apart from that, it is also crucial to synthesize a large quantity of desired materials with good control of size, shape, morphology, crystallinity, composition, and surface chemistry at a reasonably low production cost. Metal oxides and chalcogenides with various morphologies and crystal structures have been obtained using different anion metal precursors (and/or different sulfur sources for chalcogenides in particular) through typical synthesis methods. Generally, spherical particles are obtained as it is thermodynamically favorable. However, by changing the anion precursor salts, the morphology of a semiconductor is influenced. Therefore, precursors having different anions show some effects on the final forms of a semiconductor. This review compiled and discussed the effects of anions (NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, SO₄^2-, CH₃COO⁻, CH(CH₃)O⁻, etc.) and different sources of S^2- on the morphology and crystal structure of selected metal oxides and chalcogenides respectively.

Influence of surfactants on structural, morphological, optical and antibacterial properties of SnO2 nanoparticles

Tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles were synthesised using various surfactants of different charges (n-cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulphate and TRITON X-100) by the co-precipitation method. The synthesised nanomaterials were characterised using different techniques to study their structural, surface morphological, optical and anti-bacterial activities. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of a tetragonal rutile structure in pure and surfactants-aided SnO₂ nanoparticles and the results show good agreement with JCPDS data [41-1445]. The crystallite size of SnO₂ nanoparticles was found to decrease with the addition of surfactants. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibit spherical shape morphology with an average diameter of 30-75 nm for pure and surfactants-aided SnO₂ nanoparticles. The band gap energy of the prepared materials was estimated from the UV-visible absorption spectra and a considerable increase in band gap energy was observed in surfactants-aided SnO₂ nanoparticles (3.487, 3.57, 3.50 and 3.3 eV). The antibacterial activities of the synthesised nanoparticles were studied against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Excitation dependent recombination studies on SnO2/TiO2 electrospun nanofibers

SnO₂–TiO₂ electrospun nanofibers and their excitation dependent recombination.