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Warren N, Sun L, Behshad S, Kim J, Thulasi P. Retrospective Study of Preoperative Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Versus Intraoperative Surgical Peripheral Iridectomy in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty. Cornea 2024; 43:443-445. [PMID: 37772850 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and surgical peripheral iridectomy (SPI) for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and DMEK with cataract extraction (triple DMEK). METHODS This retrospective interventional study included 135 eyes of 135 patients who underwent DMEK alone or triple DMEK. Primary outcomes were graft detachments necessitating rebubbling, repeat grafts, and pupillary block. The secondary outcomes included rejection, cystoid macular edema, uveitis, intraoperative hyphema, visual disturbances, and surgical time. RESULTS Thirty-one eyes in the LPI group and 104 eyes in the SPI group were included. Fifty-six eyes had DMEK alone, and 79 had triple DMEK. Visually significant graft detachments occurred in 7 of 31 eyes in the LPI group versus 19 of 104 eyes in the SPI group ( P = 0.61). No statistical significance in DMEK alone versus triple DMEK groups ( P = 0.61 vs. P > 0.99). Two patients in the LPI group and 5 in the SPI group required regraft ( P = 0.66). One (3.2%) experienced pupillary block compared with 5 (4.8%) ( P = 0.99) in the LPI and SPI groups, respectively. Secondary outcomes were similar in both groups ranging from 0% to 3% ( P > 0.99). None had visual disturbances. In DMEK alone, duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the LPI versus SPI group (32.8 vs. 44.1 minutes, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated similar outcomes between LPI and SPI, although the LPI group had a shorter duration of surgery when DMEK was performed alone. The remainder of the outcomes demonstrated no statistically significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichelle Warren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Lucy Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Soroosh Behshad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Joung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Praneetha Thulasi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO
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Karaca EE, Işık FD, Özek D, Evren Kemer Ö. Comparison of efficacy of three gases for anterior chamber tamponade in Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103979. [PMID: 37858497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of three different gases for intraocular tamponade: 100% air, 10% perfluoropropane (C3F8), and 10% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), in Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of 138 patients who underwent DMEK were reviewed retrospectively, with the primary outcome being the rebubbling rate in the first week following surgery. Other clinical outcomes, such as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), incidence of rebubbling after the first week, endothelial cell density (ECD), graft detachment, graft failure, pupillary block, and intraocular pressure (IOP) changes were also analyzed. RESULTS Of the 138 patients, 57 were in group 1 (treated with air), 44 in group 2 (treated with 10% C3F8), and 37 in group 3 (treated with 10% SF6). Group 3 showed significantly lower rates of graft detachment and rebubbling compared to groups 1 and 2 (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in postoperative BCVA among the groups. At one year, the mean endothelial cell loss was 32% in group 1, 30% in group 2, and 33% in group 3 (P=0.715). One patient in group 1 experienced pupillary block and increased IOP, while there were no such occurrences in the other groups. There was no difference between the groups in terms of graft failure. CONCLUSION The use of 10% SF6 in DMEK surgery may be a good option due to its efficacy in preventing graft detachment, low rebubbling rate, and potential for minimizing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Karaca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - F D Işık
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D Özek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ö Evren Kemer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Wiley ZC, Huang X, Staggers KA, Hamill MB. Comparison of 20% SF6 and 6% C3F8 Gas for Anterior Chamber Tamponade in Endothelial Keratoplasty. Cornea 2024:00003226-990000000-00455. [PMID: 38251881 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the rates of rebubbling after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) between patients who had anterior chamber (AC) graft tamponade with 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) and 6% perfluoropropane gas (C3F8). METHODS The charts of 431 patients undergoing EK from June 8, 2010, to April 16, 2023, were reviewed. Patients undergoing EK alone as well as combined procedures with cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation were included. Eyes with tube shunts, anterior chamber intraocular lenses, and large peripheral iridotomy with posterior loss of bubble, and patients undergoing cyclophotocoagulation or synechialysis were excluded. All rebubble procedures were performed within 1 month after initial surgery. RESULTS A total of 346 eyes using SF6 and 167 eyes using C3F8 were analyzed. Overall, 46 eyes (9%) required rebubbling; 33 eyes (10%) in the SF6 group and 13 eyes (8%) in the C3F8 group. For those patients undergoing DMEK, the odds of requiring rebubbling in the C3F8 group were about 22% lower than that of patients in the SF6 group (operating room [OR]: 0.782; P < 0.001). For patients undergoing DSEK, however, the gas type did not significantly affect rebubbling rates (P = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS For DMEK, utilization of 6% C3F8 as an AC tamponade was associated with a significantly lower odds of graft rebubbling compared with 20% SF6. Gas type did not result in a significant difference for DSEK. Utilization of 6% C3F8 for graft tamponade could be considered to reduce graft detachment rates in DMEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Wiley
- Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX; and
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, TX
| | - Kristen A Staggers
- Baylor College of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, TX
| | - M Bowes Hamill
- Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX; and
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Franceschino A, Dutheil F, Pereira B, Watson SL, Chiambaretta F, Navel V. Descemetorhexis Without Endothelial Keratoplasty in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cornea 2022; 41:815-825. [PMID: 34879044 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Descemetorhexis without endothelial keratoplasty (DWEK) is an innovative corneal intervention and potentially effective against Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcomes of DWEK, associated or not with phacoemulsification (PKE) and rho-kinase inhibitor (RHOKI) in FECD. METHOD PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov , and Science Direct were searched for studies until November 29, 2020. We performed random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions, stratified by the type of intervention and descemetorhexis size (PROSPERO CRD42020167566). RESULTS We included 11 articles (mainly case series, both prospective and retrospective), representing 127 eyes of 118 patients. DWEK globally improved visual acuity (effect size = -1.11, 95% confidence interval, -1.70 to -0.52, P < 0.001) and pachymetry (-1.25, -1.92 to -0.57, P < 0.001), without significant effects on endothelial cell count (-0.59, -2.00 to 0.83, P = 0.419). The 3 types of interventions (ie, DWEK ± RHOKI, DWEK ± PKE, and DWEK ± PKE ± RHOKI) improved visual acuity and pachymetry in FECD. A descemetorhexis size ≤4 mm improved visual acuity (-0.72, -1.29 to -0.14, P < 0.001) and pachymetry (-0.68, -0.98 to -0.38, P < 0.001), whereas >4 mm did not. Overall, DWEK failure (ie, the prevalence of EK after DWEK) was 17% (7%-27%, P < 0.001), with 4% (0%-8%, P = 0.08) for a descemetorhexis size ≤4 mm. CONCLUSIONS Despite the lack of comparative studies, DWEK seemed to improve visual acuity and pachymetry in early stages of FECD. A descemetorhexis size ≤4 mm was associated with the best visual outcomes and pachymetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Franceschino
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Navel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Ong HS, Htoon HM, Ang M, Mehta JS. “Endothelium-Out” and “Endothelium-In” Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) Graft Insertion Techniques: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:868533. [PMID: 35775001 PMCID: PMC9237218 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.868533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the visual outcomes and complications of “endothelium-out” and “endothelium-in” Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft insertion techniques. Materials and Methods Electronic searches were conducted in CENTRAL, Cochrane databases, PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov. Study designs included clinical trials, comparative observational studies, and large case series (≥25 eyes). PRISMA guidelines were used for abstracting data and synthesis. Random-effects models were employed for meta-analyses. Results 21,323 eyes (95 studies) were included. Eighty-six studies reported on “endothelium-out” techniques; eight studies reported on “endothelium-in” techniques. One study compared “endothelium-out” to “endothelium-in” techniques. Eighteen “endothelium-out” studies reported that 42.5–85% of eyes achieved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥20/25 at 6 months; pooled proportion of eyes achieving BCVA ≥20/25 at 6 months was 58.7% (95% CI 49.4–67.7%,15 studies). Three “endothelium-in” studies reported that 44.7–87.5% of eyes achieved BCVA of ≥20/25 at 6 months; pooled proportion of eyes achieving BCVA ≥20/25 at 6 months was 62.4% (95% CI 33.9–86.9%). Pooled mean endothelial cell loss was lower in the “endothelium-in” studies (28.1 ± 1.3%, 7 studies) compared to “endothelium-out” studies (36.3 ± 6.9%,10 studies) at 6 months (p = 0.018). Graft re-bubbling rates were higher in the “endothelium-out” studies (26.2%, 95% CI 21.9–30.9%, 74 studies) compared to “endothelium-in” studies (16.5%, 95% CI 8.5–26.4%, 6 studies), although statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.440). Primary graft failure rates were comparable between the two groups (p = 0.552). Quality of evidence was considered low and significant heterogeneity existed amongst the studies. Conclusion Reported rates of endothelial cell loss were lower in “endothelium-in” DMEK studies at 6 months compared to “endothelium-out” studies. Outcomes of “endothelium-in” techniques were otherwise comparable to those reported in “endothelium-out” studies. Given the technical challenges encountered in “endothelium-out” procedures, surgeons may consider “endothelium-in” techniques designed for easier intra-operative DMEK graft unfolding. “Endothelium-in” studies evaluating outcomes at longer time points are required before conclusive comparisons between the two techniques can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Shing Ong
- Department of Corneal & External Eye Diseases, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Hon Shing Ong,
| | - Hla M. Htoon
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Department of Corneal & External Eye Diseases, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Department of Corneal & External Eye Diseases, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Jodhbir S. Mehta,
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Tey KY, Tan SY, Ting DSJ, Mehta JS, Ang M. Effects of Combined Cataract Surgery on Outcomes of Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:857200. [PMID: 35425783 PMCID: PMC9002009 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.857200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature-to-date regarding the effects of combined cataract surgery on outcomes of DMEK. Methods Multiple electronic databases were searched, including Cochrane Library databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The final search was updated on 10th February 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized studies and large case series (≥25 eyes) of DMEK (pseudophakic/phakic) and “triple DMEK”. A total of 36 studies were included in this study. Meta-analyses were done with risk differences (RD) computed for dichotomous data and the mean difference (MD) for continuous data via random-effects model. Primary outcome measure: postoperative re-bubbling rate; secondary outcome measures: complete/partial graft detachment rate, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell loss (ECL), primary graft failure, and cystoid macular edema (CMO). Results A total of 11,401 eyes were included in this review. Based on non-randomized studies, triple DMEK demonstrated a better BCVA at 1-month postoperative than DMEK alone (MD 0.10 logMAR; 95% CI: 0.07–0.13; p < 0.001), though not statistically significant at 3–6 months postoperative (MD 0.07 logMAR; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.15; p = 0.08). There was no significant difference in rebubbling, ECL, graft failures, and CMO postoperatively between the two groups (p = 0.07, p = 0.40, 0.06, and 0.54 respectively). Conclusion Our review suggests that DMEK has a similar post-operative complication risk compared to “triple DMEK” (low-quality evidence), with comparable visual outcome and graft survival rate at 6 months postoperative. High-quality RCTs specifically studying the outcomes of combined vs. staged DMEK are still warranted. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020173760, identifier: CRD42020173760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan Tey
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Tasmanian Medical School, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sarah Yingli Tan
- Tasmanian Medical School, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Darren S J Ting
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Anterior Chamber Rebubbling With Perfluoropropane (C3F8) After Failed Rebubbling Attempts for Persistent Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Graft Detachments. Cornea 2019; 38:976-979. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reply. Cornea 2018; 37:e53-e54. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Influence of Intraoperative Air Tamponade Time on Graft Adherence in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty. Cornea 2018; 38:166-172. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Comment on: Sulfur Hexafluoride 20% Versus Air 100% for Anterior Chamber Tamponade in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty: A Meta-Analysis. Cornea 2018; 37:e52-e53. [PMID: 30124592 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sulfur Hexafluoride 20% Versus Air 100% for Anterior Chamber Tamponade in DMEK: A Meta-Analysis. Cornea 2018; 37:691-697. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Santander-García D, Dapena I, Baydoun L, Melles GRJ. DMEK complications: current treatment and recommendations. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2018.1429917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santander-García
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Dapena
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lamis Baydoun
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit R. J. Melles
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Amnitrans Eye Bank Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Rickmann A, Szurman P, Jung S, Boden KT, Wahl S, Haus A, Boden K, Januschowski K. Impact of 10% SF6 Gas Compared to 100% Air Tamponade in Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:482-486. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1431286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Rickmann
- Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Szurman
- Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
- University Eye Clinic Tuebingen, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sacha Jung
- Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
| | - Karl Thomas Boden
- Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
| | - Silke Wahl
- Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
| | - Arno Haus
- Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
| | - Katrin Boden
- Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
| | - Kai Januschowski
- Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
- University Eye Clinic Tuebingen, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
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Comparison of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) and Air Tamponade in Noniridectomized Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty. Cornea 2017; 37:273-276. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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