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Kobia-Acquah E, Flitcroft DI, Lingham G, Kerin E, Loughman J. Short-term effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide eye drops on macular choroidal thickness in myopic children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:280-291. [PMID: 38037443 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the short-term effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide eyedrops on choroidal thickness (ChT) in myopic children using placebo or low-dose atropine eyedrops. METHODS The analysis included 242 myopic individuals (7-19 years) enrolled in two randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials of low-dose atropine eyedrops. Cycloplegia was induced using either one drop of 1% cyclopentolate (n = 161), two drops of 1% cyclopentolate (n = 32) or two drops of 1% tropicamide (n = 49). ChT measurements were taken using swept-source optical coherence tomography before and 30 min after administering the cycloplegic eye drops. A subset of 51 participants underwent test-retest measurements prior to cycloplegia. RESULTS Mean changes in subfoveal ChT after two drops of tropicamide and one and two drops of cyclopentolate were -2.5 μm (p = 0.10), -4.3 μm (p < 0.001) and -9.6 μm (p < 0.001), respectively. Subfoveal ChT changes after one and two drops of cyclopentolate were significantly greater than the test-retest changes (test-retest mean change: -3.1 μm; p < 0.05), while the tropicamide group was not significantly different (p = 0.64). Choroidal thinning post-cyclopentolate was not significantly different between atropine and placebo treatment groups (p > 0.05 for all macular locations). The coefficient of repeatability (CoR) in the tropicamide group (range: 8.2-14.4 μm) was similar to test-retest (range: 7.5-12.2 μm), whereas greater CoR values were observed in the cyclopentolate groups (one drop: range: 10.8-15.3 μm; two drops: range: 12.2-24.6 μm). CONCLUSIONS Cyclopentolate eye drops caused dose-dependent choroidal thinning and increased variation in pre- to post-cycloplegia measurements compared with test-retest variability, whereas tropicamide did not. These findings have practical implications for ChT measurements when cyclopentolate is used, particularly for successive measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kobia-Acquah
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Ian Flitcroft
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Kerin
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Qi Z, Liu X, Xiong S, Wang J, Chen J, Zhu Z, Brochert G, Zhang B, Deng J, Cheng T, He X, Xu X. Macular and peripapillary Choroidal Vascularity Index in children with different refractive status. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:606-613. [PMID: 37770533 PMCID: PMC10858217 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize choroidal vascular changes in children with different refractive status. METHODS A study including 5864 children aged 6-9 years was performed to investigate the choroidal vascular index (CVI) in myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic eyes. Each participant had a comprehensive ocular examination with cycloplegic autorefraction performed, axial length (AL) measured and Swept Source-Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) scans acquired. Choroidal thickness (ChT) was measured by built-in software, and CVI was calculated using a previously validated self-developed algorithm. RESULTS The mean ChT and CVI were 275.88 ± 53.34 μm and 34.91 ± 3.83 in the macula region, and 191.96 ± 46.28 μm and 32.35 ± 4.21 in the peripapillary region. CVI was significantly lowest for myopes, followed by emmetropes and hyperopes (P < 0.001). CVI varied between different sectors separated by the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid (P < 0.001). Macular CVI decreased horizontally from nasal to temporal quadrant with lowest in center fovea, and vertically from superior to inferior quadrants. Peripapillary CVI was highest in the nasal and lowest in the inferior sector. Multiple regression showed that spherical equivalent (SE), AL, intraocular pressure (IOP), ChT, age, and gender were significantly related to CVI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In children, the distribution of CVI in the posterior pole is not uniform. A decreased CVI was observed from hyperopia to myopia and was associated with decreased SE, elongated AL, and choroidal thinning. Further study of changes in CVI during myopia onset and progression is required to better understand the role of the choroidal vasculature in myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grace Brochert
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangui He
- Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Research, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Shanghai, China
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Huang Y, Li X, Wu J, Huo J, Zhou F, Zhang J, Yang A, Spiegel DP, Chen H, Bao J. Effect of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets on choroidal thickness in myopic children: a 2-year randomised clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1806-1811. [PMID: 36167484 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) and slightly aspherical lenslets (SAL) showed effective myopia control. This study was to investigate their effects on macular choroidal thickness (ChT) in myopic children. METHODS Exploratory analysis from a 2-year, double-masked, randomised trial. 170 children aged 8-13 years with myopia between -0.75D and -4.75D, astigmatism of 1.50D or less, and anisometropia of 1.00D or less were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive HAL, SAL or single vision spectacle lenses (SVL). The subfoveal, parafoveal and perifoveal ChT were evaluated every 6 months. RESULTS 154 participants completed all examinations. The ChT showed significant changes over time in all three groups in all regions (all p<0.05). The ChTs continuously decreased in the SVL group (ranging from -20.75 (SD 22.34) μm to -12.18 (22.57) μm after 2 years in different regions). Compared with the SVL group, ChT in the SAL group decreased less (ranging from -16.49 (21.27) μm to -5.29 (18.15) μm). In the HAL group, ChT increased in the first year and then decreased in the second year (ranging from -0.30 (27.54) μm to 8.92 (23.97) μm after two years). The perifoveal ChT decreased less than the parafoveal ChT, and the superior region decreased the least. CONCLUSIONS The ChT of the macula decreased after 2 years of myopia progression with SVL. Wearing spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets reduced or abolished the ChT thinning and HAL had a more pronounced effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800017683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junqian Wu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawen Huo
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengchao Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Adeline Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Essilor International SA, Singapore
| | - Daniel P Spiegel
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Essilor International SA, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhua Bao
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Gao R, Liu J, Zhou X, Huang L, Huang W, Xue Y, Wang F, Gong S, Wu R, Wang Y. Influence of Pilocarpine Eyedrops on the Ocular Biometric Parameters and Intraocular Lens Power Calculation. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:7680659. [PMID: 37455794 PMCID: PMC10348856 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7680659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the influence of pilocarpine eyedrops on the ocular biometric parameters and whether these parameter changes affect the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods Twenty-two PACG patients and fifteen normal subjects were enrolled. Ocular biometric parameters including the axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (Km), and white-to-white distance (WTW) were measured by using a Lenstar LS 900 device before and at least 30 minutes after instillation of 2% pilocarpine eyedrops. Lens position (LP) was calculated, and the IOL power prediction based on the ocular biometric parameters was performed using the Barrett Universal II, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay I, or SRK/T formulas before and after pilocarpine application. Results In both PACG and normal groups, pilocarpine eyedrops induced a slight but statistically significant increase in the mean AL (0.01 mm for both groups) and mean LT (0.02 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively) but a significant decrease in the mean ACD (0.03 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively) and mean LP (0.02 mm and 0.04 mm, respectively). No significant changes in the mean Km and WTW were noticed in both groups. In addition, the IOL power calculation revealed insignificant changes before and after the pilocarpine instillation in both groups, regardless of the formula used. Conclusions Pilocarpine eyedrops can induce slight changes in the ocular biometric parameters including the AL, ACD, LT, and LP. However, these parameter changes will not result in a significant difference in IOL power estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Jinkun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Yingying Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Songjian Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361001, China
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Ostrin LA, Harb E, Nickla DL, Read SA, Alonso-Caneiro D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Zhou X, Wildsoet CF. IMI-The Dynamic Choroid: New Insights, Challenges, and Potential Significance for Human Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:4. [PMID: 37126359 PMCID: PMC10153586 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid is the richly vascular layer of the eye located between the sclera and Bruch's membrane. Early studies in animals, as well as more recent studies in humans, have demonstrated that the choroid is a dynamic, multifunctional structure, with its thickness directly and indirectly subject to modulation by a variety of physiologic and visual stimuli. In this review, the anatomy and function of the choroid are summarized and links between the choroid, eye growth regulation, and myopia, as demonstrated in animal models, discussed. Methods for quantifying choroidal thickness in the human eye and associated challenges are described, the literature examining choroidal changes in response to various visual stimuli and refractive error-related differences are summarized, and the potential implications of the latter for myopia are considered. This review also allowed for the reexamination of the hypothesis that short-term changes in choroidal thickness induced by pharmacologic, optical, or environmental stimuli are predictive of future long-term changes in axial elongation, and the speculation that short-term choroidal thickening can be used as a biomarker of treatment efficacy for myopia control therapies, with the general conclusion that current evidence is not sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Ostrin
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Elise Harb
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Debora L Nickla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Disease, New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Scott A Read
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology-Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology-Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Christine F Wildsoet
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Tao Y, Li M, Tan J, Huang J, Cheng X, Xie P, Liu X, Zhou Q, Ouyang J. Effects of atropine and tropicamide on ocular biological parameters in children: a prospective observational study. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:96. [PMID: 36915059 PMCID: PMC10010000 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of cycloplegia in delaying the progression of myopia and its application in refractive examination in children have been extensively studied, but there are still few studies on the effects of atropine/tropicamide on ocular biological parameters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of atropine/tropicamide on children's ocular biological parameters in different age groups and the differences between them. METHODS This was a prospective observational study in which all school children were examined for dioptres and ocular biological parameters in the outpatient clinic, and 1% atropine or tropicamide was used for treatment. After examination, we enrolled the patients grouped by age (age from 2 to 12 years treated by atropine, 55 cases; age from 2 to 10 years treated by tropicamide, 70 cases; age from 14 to 17 years treated by tropicamide, 70 cases). The ocular biological parameters of each patient before and after cycloplegia were measured, and the difference and its absolute value were calculated for statistical analysis using an independent-samples t test. RESULTS We compared the value and the absolute value of the differences in ocular biological parameters before and after cycloplegia in the same age group, and we found that the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the corresponding values of AL, K1 and ACD among the different age groups (P < 0.05). Before cycloplegia, there were significant differences in AL, K, K1, K2 and ACD in different age groups (P < 0.05). However, the differences in AL, K, K1, K2 and ACD among different age groups disappeared after cycloplegia (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that atropine/tropicamide have different effects on cycloplegia in children of different ages. The effects of atropine/tropicamide on ocular biological parameters should be fully considered when evaluating the refractive state before refractive surgery or mydriasis optometry for children of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang No 1 Peoples Hospital, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, 48 South Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, 17 Yongwai Main Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678 Furong Road, Economic Development Zone, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, 17 Yongwai Main Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, 17 Yongwai Main Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaokang Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang No 1 Peoples Hospital, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, 48 South Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang No 1 Peoples Hospital, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, 48 South Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang No 1 Peoples Hospital, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, 48 South Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, 17 Yongwai Main Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang No 1 Peoples Hospital, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, 48 South Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China.
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Duran M, Cevher S. Effect of cycloplegic agents (1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride and 1% tropicamide) on anterior segment parameters. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2023; 15:25158414231180984. [PMID: 37434779 PMCID: PMC10331352 DOI: 10.1177/25158414231180984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cycloplegic drops are commonly used in ophthalmology practice. Changes in anterior segment parameters may occur after cycloplegia. These changes can be evaluated with corneal topography. Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride and 1% tropicamide on anterior segment parameters using the Sirius Scheimpflug imaging technique. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods One hundred twenty eyes of sixty healthy volunteers with spherical equivalent (SE) values of 0 to ±1 diopter (D) were studied. The right eye of each subject had instillation of cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1% (Group 1) and the left eye of each subject had instillation of tropicamide 1% (Group 2). SE, intraocular pressure, and corneal topography measurements were performed before and 40 min after instillation were compared. Results In Group 1, SE, aqueous depth, anterior chamber depth, iridocorneal angle (ICA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and pupil size (PS) values were significantly increased (p < 0.001, p = 0.01, p < 0.001, p = 0.03, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). In Group 2, SE, ICA, ACV, and PS were significantly increased (p < 0.001 for all). Keratometric values (K1 and K2) and central corneal thickness changed insignificantly in both groups (p > 0.05). The effects of the two administered agents on all parameters were similar (p > 0.05). Conclusions Cyclopentolate hydrochloride and tropicamide affected SE, ICA, ACV, and PS values significantly. These parameters are important in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations. PS is also important in refractive surgery and cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation. Although there was an insignificant difference between the agents, the effects of tropicamide on the parameters were smaller than those of cyclopentolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Duran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Specialist of Ophthalmology, Minister of Health Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, Çorum, Turkey
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Changes in ocular biological parameters after cycloplegia based on dioptre, age and sex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22470. [PMID: 36577765 PMCID: PMC9797549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cycloplegia on ocular biological parameters in children have been extensively studied, but few studies have compared these parameters between different refractive states, ages, and sexes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in ocular biometry before and after cycloplegia in different groups based on dioptre, age and sex. We examined a total of 2049 participants in this cross-sectional study. A comprehensive eye examination was conducted before cycloplegia. Cycloplegia was implemented with the application of atropine or tropicamide. Ocular biological parameters were evaluated after cycloplegia, including axial length (AL), mean keratometry (K), flat keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and white-to-white (WTW) distance. All the participants were categorized based on dioptre, age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed with paired t tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Regarding dioptre, AL was found to be increased significantly in the Fs, Ast and FA (p < 0.05) postcycloplegia groups. We observed significant increases in K, K1, K2 and ACD in the Fs group (p < 0.05) after cycloplegia. Regarding age, we found significant increases in AL, CCT and ACD in group 1 (p < 0.05), but AL decreased significantly in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05) postcycloplegia. There were no significant changes found in K, K1 and K2 in the three groups after cycloplegia (p > 0.05). Regarding sex, AL and WTW were found to decrease significantly among males and increase significantly among females (p < 0.05) postcycloplegia, while K, K1 and K2 showed the opposite trends. This study showed that there were differences in some ocular biological parameters after cycloplegia across different groups; in particular, there were significant differences in AL, CCT and ACD. Attention should be devoted to the influence of cycloplegia in clinical work.
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Xu M, Yu X, Wan M, Feng K, Zhang J, Shen M, Drobe B, Chen H, Qu J, Bao J. Two-year longitudinal change in choroidal and retinal thickness in school-aged myopic children: exploratory analysis of clinical trials for myopia progression. EYE AND VISION 2022; 9:5. [PMID: 35101136 PMCID: PMC8805434 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With increasing axial length and myopia progression, the micro-structure of the retina and choroid gradually changes. Our study describes the longitudinal changes in retinal and choroidal thickness in school-aged children with myopia and explores the relationship between changes in choroidal thickness and myopia progression.
Methods
An exploratory analysis of a randomized trial was performed. Children (n = 168, aged 7 to 12 years) with myopia from − 0.75 dioptre (D) to − 4.00 D were enrolled in this prospective longitudinal study. Cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), retinal and choroidal thicknesses were measured at baseline and at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. “Rapid progression myopia” was defined as increasing in myopia > 1.00 D and “stable progression myopia” was ≤ 1.00 D during the 2-year follow-up. Factors affecting the changes in choroidal thickness were analysed using linear mixed models.
Results
AL significantly increased by 0.67 ± 0.24 mm with a myopic shift of − 1.50 ± 0.64 D over the 2 years. The overall retinal thickness increased from 251.12 ± 15.91 µm at baseline to 253.47 ± 15.74 µm at the 2-year follow-up (F = 23.785, P < 0.001). The subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased from 231.03 ± 54.04 µm at baseline to 206.53 ± 59.71 µm at the 2-year follow-up (F = 73.358, P < 0.001). Choroidal thinning was significantly associated with AL elongation (β = − 43.579 μm/mm, P = 0.002) and sex (β = − 17.258, P = 0.001). Choroidal thickness continued to decrease in subjects with rapid progression (F = 92.06, P < 0.001) but not in those with steady progression (F = 2.23, P = 0.119).
Conclusion
Significant choroidal thinning was observed and was associated with rapid progression and sex. These findings indicate a need to understand the role of the choroid in eye growth and myopia development.
Synopsis/Precis
The macular choroidal thickness of myopic children is relevant to different degrees of myopic progression in this 2-year longitudinal study. These findings suggest that control of choroidal thickness might work to regulate human ocular growth.
Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR): ChiCTR-INR-16007722
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Yeung SC, Park JY, Park D, You Y, Yan P. The effect of systemic and topical ophthalmic medications on choroidal thickness: a review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:2673-2685. [DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shanna C. Yeung
- Faculty of Medicine The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | | | - Daniel Park
- Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine Macquarie University Sydney Australia
- Save Sight Institute The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Center Toronto Canada
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