The role of needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Advancements and challenges in gastrointestinal imaging

A recent review by Gulinac et al, provides an in-depth analysis of current clinical issues and challenges in gastrointestinal imaging. This editorial highlights the advancements in imaging techniques, including the integration of artificial intelligence and functional imaging modalities, and discusses the ongoing relevance of traditional nuclear medicine tests. The future of gastrointestinal imaging looks promising, with continuous improvements in resolution, enhanced ability to analyze color and texture beyond visual diagnosis, faster image processing, and the application of molecular imaging and nanoparticles expected to enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.

Recent developments in the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

INTRODUCTION

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PanNENs) are characterized by a highly heterogeneous clinical and biological behavior, making their diagnosis challenging. PanNENs diagnostic work-up mainly relies on biochemical markers, pathological examination, and imaging evaluation. The latter includes radiological imaging (i.e. computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), functional imaging (i.e. 68Gallium [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose [18F]FDG PET/CT), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with its associated procedures.

AREAS COVERED

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the recent advancements in the PanNENs diagnostic field. PubMed and Embase databases were used for the research, performed from inception to October 2023.

EXPERT OPINION

A deeper understanding of PanNENs biology, recent technological improvements in imaging modalities, as well as progresses achieved in molecular and cytological assays, are fundamental players for the achievement of early diagnosis and enhanced preoperative characterization of PanNENs. A multimodal diagnostic approach is required for a thorough disease assessment.