[Determination of urinary CA19-9 levels in urothelial cancer--assessment of its role in diagnosis]

Direct Advancement of Balloon-Guide Catheter Distal to the Carotid Free-Floating Thrombus Achieves Smart Mechanical Thrombectomy

A 68-year-old man with bladder cancer developed sudden dysarthria and left hemiplegia. MRI revealed occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Cerebral angiography revealed a large carotid free-floating thrombus (CFFT) at the origin of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and right M1 occlusion. A balloon-guide catheter (BGC) was directly guided distal to the CFFT. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was performed on the M1 occlusion while the balloon was inflated to block antegrade blood flow, and good recanalization was achieved. To continue processing the CFFT, the deflated BGC was pulled to the common carotid artery, and the thrombus dispersed into the external carotid artery (ECA). Subsequently, the patient’s symptoms improved. Directly advancing a BGC distally to a CFFT may be a useful treatment strategy for tandem lesions with carotid free-floating thrombi.

High serum levels of CA 19-9 and CYFRA21-1 caused by renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma: a report of two cases

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) are widely used as tumor markers in clinical practice and are increased in many neoplasms. However, although increased serum CA19-9 levels have been found in some Japanese patients with renal urothelial carcinoma (UC), they have not been detected in patients from other countries or regions, and increased serum CYFRA21-1 levels haves not been reported in patients with renal UC. We analyzed serum CA19-9 and CYFRA21-1 levels in two patients with renal UC and monitored the changes in levels during postoperative follow-up. Both cases with renal pelvis UC had high levels of serum CA19-9 and CYFRA21-1, which decreased to within normal ranges after successful surgery, suggesting a causal relationship between renal UC and increased serum CA19-9 and CYFRA21-1. Because serum levels of CA19-9 and CYFRA21-1 are increased in many neoplastic diseases, they may not be reliable tumor markers for the screening and diagnosis of renal UC. However, they may be useful noninvasive indicators for assessing treatment effects in patients with renal pelvis UC with elevated pretreatment serum CA19-9 or CYFRA21-1.

Needle stochastic sensors for on-site fast recognition and quantification of biomarkers for gastric cancer in biological samples

N-Doped graphenes recognised CA19-9, CEA, and p53 in biological samples.