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Tolma EL, Vesely SK, Boeckman L, Oman RF, Aspy CB. Youth Assets, Neighborhood Factors, Parental Income, and Tobacco Use: A Longitudinal Study of Health Disparities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12330. [PMID: 36231631 PMCID: PMC9566558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess how the relationship between youth assets and future no-tobacco use among youth might differ according to race/ethnicity, neighborhood factors and socio-economic status. Five waves of annual data were collected from 1111 youth/parent pairs living in Oklahoma, USA who were randomly selected to participate in the Youth Asset Study (YAS). A marginal logistic regression model using all five waves of no-tobacco use, demographics, and their interaction was used to compare the change in tobacco use over time. Among 1111 youth, (Mean age = 14.3; 53% female; 39% White, 28% Hispanic, 24% Black, and 9% other), the percentage of youth tobacco use increased significantly from baseline to wave 5 (4 years after baseline) for all racial/ethnic groups and all parental income groups. Assets were prospectively associated with no tobacco use in the past 30 days for Black, White and Hispanic youth and for youth in all income categories (adjusted odds ratio range = 1.9-2.7). There was one statistically significant association between the neighborhood environment and future no tobacco use. To conclude, the protective effects of youth assets in terms of prevention of tobacco use among youth do not differ by youth race/ethnicity or parental income in the presence of neighborhood environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni L. Tolma
- Department of Education Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenous Street, P.O. Box 22006, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Sara K. Vesely
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lindsay Boeckman
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Roy F. Oman
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Cheryl B. Aspy
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Sanchez LM, Oman RF, Lensch T, Yang Y. Prospective Associations Between Youth Assets and Truancy Within the Context of Family Structure. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:293-299. [PMID: 34907532 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the prospective associations between 17 individual, family, and community level youth assets and truancy among adolescents living in 1-parent and 2-parent households. METHODS Five waves of data were collected annually over a 4-year period from a racially/ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 722, 51.5% female, mean age = 14.1 years). Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify prospective associations between youth assets and truancy while stratifying by family structure and controlling sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Five of the 17 youth assets were significantly associated (p < .05) with reduced odds of truancy among adolescents living in 1-parent households compared to 10 of 17 assets for adolescents living in 2-parent households. The significant asset/truancy associations were stronger for adolescents living in 1-parent households, whereas for adolescents living in 2-parent households, more of the community assets were significantly protective (p < .05) from truancy. CONCLUSION Assets that focus on supporting adolescents' future aspirations and expectations may reduce truancy among those living in 1-parent households, whereas assets that promote community involvement and increased interaction with teachers and peers may protect adolescents living in 2-parent households from truancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Frank Oman
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557
| | - Taylor Lensch
- Nevada Public Health Training Center, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557
| | - Yueran Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557
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Dornquast C, Reinhold T, Solak S, Durak M, Becher H, Riens B, Icke K, Danquah I, Willich SN, Keil T, Krist L. Strategies to Enhance Retention in a Cohort Study Among Adults of Turkish Descent Living in Berlin. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:1309-1317. [PMID: 34797452 PMCID: PMC9388466 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Retention is important for statistical power and external validity in long-term cohort studies. The aims of our study were to evaluate different retention strategies within a cohort study of adults of Turkish descent in Berlin, Germany, and to compare participants and non-participants. In 2011–2012, a population-based study was conducted among adults of Turkish descent to primarily examine recruitment strategies. 6 years later, the participants were re-contacted and invited to complete a self-report questionnaire regarding their health status, health care utilization, and satisfaction with medical services. The retention strategy comprised letters in both German and Turkish, phone calls, and home visits (by bilingual staff). We calculated the response rate and retention rate, using definitions of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, as well as the relative retention rate for each level of contact. Associations of baseline recruitment strategy, sociodemographic, migration-related and health-related factors with retention were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Of 557 persons contacted, 249 (44.7%) completed the questionnaire. This was 50.1% of those whose contact information was available. The relative retention rate was lowest for phone calls (8.9%) and highest for home visits (18.4%). Participants were more often non-smokers and German citizens than non-participants. For all remaining factors, no association with retention was found. In this study, among adults of Turkish descent, the retention rate increased considerably with every additional level of contact. Implementation of comprehensive retention strategies provided by culturally matched study personnel may lead to higher validity and statistical power in studies on migrant health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dornquast
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinhold
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saliha Solak
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melike Durak
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burgi Riens
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Icke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan N Willich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Lensch T, Clements-Nolle K, Oman RF, Lu M, Evans WP. Prospective relationships between youth assets, negative life events, and binge drinking in a longitudinal cohort of the youth. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 46:24-30. [PMID: 32532370 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individual, family, and community assets can 1) protect youth from binge drinking in the face of negative life events and 2) modify the relationship between negative life events and binge drinking. METHODS Data from waves 2-5 of the Youth Asset Study were analyzed. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relationship between negative life events, assets, and binge drinking. Multiplicative and additive interaction between negative life events and assets was evaluated. RESULTS When included in the same model as negative life events, individual, family, and community assets had a graded, protective relationship with binge drinking, with strongest protection for those with the greatest number of assets. For example, youth with 3 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR):0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.93], 4 [AOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49-0.73], 5 [AOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.41-0.69], and 6 [AOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.63] assets within the community domain had a significantly lower odds of binge drinking than youth with 0-2 community assets. No significant interactions were observed. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that while youth who are exposed to negative life events are at risk for binge drinking, building assets across individual, family, and community domains can have a protective influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Lensch
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV.
| | - Kristen Clements-Nolle
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
| | - Roy F Oman
- Division of Social and Behavioral Health and Health Administration and Policy, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
| | - Minggen Lu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
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Moser L, Oman RF, Lensch T, Clements-Nolle K. Prospective Associations Among Youth Assets and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use in a Hispanic Youth Population. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986320915171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study’s purpose was to determine whether specific youth assets (conceptualized as influencing health behavior at the individual, family, or community level) were prospectively associated with reduced alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use (ATD) in a sample of Hispanic youth. A longitudinal community-based study was conducted with five waves of data collected annually over 4 years. Participants were Hispanic youth (14.1 years old; 53% female) and their parents ( N = 306 youth/parent pairs). Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine the prospective influence of 17 youth assets on ATD over five waves of data. Results indicated that Hispanic youth with three of seven individual-level assets (e.g., educational aspirations), any of four family-level assets (e.g., family communication), or with one of six community-level assets (e.g., positive peer role models) were significantly less likely to engage in ATD. The results suggest that assets protect Hispanic youth from ATD and that family-level assets may be particularly important.
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Green J, Oman RF, Vesely SK, Cheney MK, Carroll L. Prospective Associations Among Youth Religiosity and Religious Denomination and Youth Contraception Use. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:555-569. [PMID: 28616769 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study prospectively investigates associations among youth religiosity, religious denomination, and contraception use. Associations between youth religiosity and religious denomination, and type of contraceptive used and consistent contraceptive use among sexually active youth (N = 757) were analyzed using multinomial and binomial logistic regression. Identifying with a religious denomination was a predictor of dual contraceptive use relative to using no method of contraception (AOR = 2.17). There was no association between youth religiosity and type of contraceptive use or contraceptive consistency. Religious leaders and public health practitioners should collaborate to develop strategies to engage in conversations with sexually active youth about contraceptive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Green
- Riley County Health Department, 2030 Tecumseh Rd., Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Roy F Oman
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marshall K Cheney
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Leslie Carroll
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Clements-Nolle K, Oman RF, Lu M, Lensch T, Moser L. Youth assets and alcohol-related problems among male and female youth: Results from a longitudinal cohort study. Prev Med 2019; 123:192-196. [PMID: 30930260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Youth who experience alcohol-related problems are at increased risk for developing alcohol dependence. Identifying factors associated with adolescent alcohol-related problems is essential, but most studies have focused on risk factors or a limited number of protective factors, with little attention to sex differences. We assessed the prospective association between 17 assets and alcohol-related problems among male and female youth. A 4-year cohort study with 1, 111 youth living in randomly-selected census tracts in the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area was conducted. Follow-up for the current study began at wave 2 (2004/2005; N = 1079). Seventeen assets at the individual-, family-, and community-levels were measured. Five questions documented alcohol-related problems in the past 12 months. Generalized linear mixed models evaluated the prospective influence of assets on alcohol-related problems, separately for males and females. Models controlled for age, race/ethnicity, family structure, and parental income. Overall, females had more assets than males, but the protective influence of assets on alcohol-related problems over time was stronger for males. Six assets uniquely protected males (responsible choices [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36-0.94], educational aspirations [AOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.31-0.93], parental monitoring [AOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.27-0.64], community involvement [AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34-0.97], use of time for groups/sports [AOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42-0.97], and school connectedness [AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34-0.77]), and 3 uniquely protected females (general self-confidence [AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40-0.96], good health practices [AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47-0.95], and relationship with mother [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.80]). Strengthening youth assets across multiple domains may decrease alcohol-related problems for both males and females; however, gender-specific approaches to asset building are also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy F Oman
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Community Health Sciences, United States
| | - Minggen Lu
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Community Health Sciences, United States
| | - Taylor Lensch
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Community Health Sciences, United States
| | - Lea Moser
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Community Health Sciences, United States
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Teague S, Youssef GJ, Macdonald JA, Sciberras E, Shatte A, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Greenwood C, McIntosh J, Olsson CA, Hutchinson D. Retention strategies in longitudinal cohort studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:151. [PMID: 30477443 PMCID: PMC6258319 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participant retention strategies that minimise attrition in longitudinal cohort studies have evolved considerably in recent years. This study aimed to assess, via systematic review and meta-analysis, the effectiveness of both traditional strategies and contemporary innovations for retention adopted by longitudinal cohort studies in the past decade. METHODS Health research databases were searched for retention strategies used within longitudinal cohort studies published in the 10-years prior, with 143 eligible longitudinal cohort studies identified (141 articles; sample size range: 30 to 61,895). Details on retention strategies and rates, research designs, and participant demographics were extracted. Meta-analyses of retained proportions were performed to examine the association between cohort retention rate and individual and thematically grouped retention strategies. RESULTS Results identified 95 retention strategies, broadly classed as either: barrier-reduction, community-building, follow-up/reminder, or tracing strategies. Forty-four of these strategies had not been identified in previous reviews. Meta-regressions indicated that studies using barrier-reduction strategies retained 10% more of their sample (95%CI [0.13 to 1.08]; p = .01); however, studies using follow-up/reminder strategies lost an additional 10% of their sample (95%CI [- 1.19 to - 0.21]; p = .02). The overall number of strategies employed was not associated with retention. CONCLUSIONS Employing a larger number of retention strategies may not be associated with improved retention in longitudinal cohort studies, contrary to earlier narrative reviews. Results suggest that strategies that aim to reduce participant burden (e.g., flexibility in data collection methods) might be most effective in maximising cohort retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Teague
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Shatte
- School of Engineering & Information Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Federation University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Chris Greenwood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Jennifer McIntosh
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Lensch T, Clements-Nolle K, Oman RF, Lu M, Dominguez A. Prospective impact of individual, family and community youth assets on adolescent suicide ideation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 73:219-224. [PMID: 30470699 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that youth assets have a protective influence on many risk behaviours. However, the relationship between youth assets and adolescent suicide ideation is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if youth assets were prospectively associated with suicide ideation. METHODS Four waves of data were collected from 1111 youth and their parents living in randomly sampled census tracts that were stratified by income and race/ethnicity using census data. Computer-assisted, in-person data collection methods were used to measure assets at the individual (6 assets), family (4 assets) and community (6 assets) levels. Generalised linear mixed models were used to prospectively assess the relationship between the number of individual-level, family-level and community-level assets and suicide ideation, while controlling for known confounders. RESULTS About half of the sample was female (53%). Participants were racially/ethnically diverse (white (41%), Hispanic (29%) and black (24%)). Eleven of the 16 assets were associated with reduced odds of suicide ideation. In addition, there was a graded relationship between the number of assets at each level (individual, family and community) and the odds of suicide ideation. For example, compared with youth with 0-2 family assets, those with 3 (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.90) or 4 (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.51) family assets had lower odds of suicide ideation. CONCLUSIONS This prospective analysis showed a protective relationship between youth assets and suicide ideation, with the greatest protection among youth with the most assets. Interventions designed to build youth assets may be a useful strategy for reducing adolescent suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Lensch
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Roy F Oman
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Minggen Lu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Amanda Dominguez
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Oman RF, Clements-Nolle K, Lu M, Lensch T. An Investigation of Youth Assets and Physical Activity and BMI Using a Longitudinal Cohort Design. Am J Health Promot 2018; 32:1751-1754. [PMID: 29649897 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118769561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Substantial research has demonstrated that assets (eg, family communication, school connectedness) protect youth from participation in numerous risk behaviors. However, very few studies have explored the relationship between assets and positive health behaviors. This study investigated prospective associations among assets and physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN Longitudinal design with 5 waves of data collected annually over a 4-year period. SETTING Community-based setting with participants recruited via door-to-door canvasing of homes located in stratified (by race and income) randomly selected census tracts and blocks. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 1111 youth (baseline mean age = 14.3 years [SD = 1.6]; 53% female; 40.6% white, 28.6% Hispanic, 24.4% black, 6.4% other) and their parents. MEASURES Weekly participation in PA, BMI, and 14 youth assets representing multiple levels of influence (individual, family, and community). ANALYSIS Generalized linear mixed models assessed associations among the assets and PA and BMI over the 5 waves of data. RESULTS There was a significant and graded relationship between assets and weekly participation in PA. For example, at the community-asset level, PA minutes were higher among youth with 2 assets ( P = .006), 3 assets ( P = .0006), and 4 to 5 assets ( P < .0001) compared to youth with 0 to 1 assets. No effects were found for BMI. CONCLUSION Asset-based health promotion programs for youth may promote positive health behaviors and prevent participation in risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy F Oman
- 1 University of Nevada Reno, School of Community Health Sciences, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Minggen Lu
- 1 University of Nevada Reno, School of Community Health Sciences, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Taylor Lensch
- 1 University of Nevada Reno, School of Community Health Sciences, Reno, NV, USA
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Oman RF, Vesely SK, Clements-Nolle K, Fluhr J. Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention in Group Homes: Recruiting and Retention Considerations. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:S9-S10. [PMID: 29443560 PMCID: PMC5813777 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.304131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy F Oman
- Roy F. Oman and Kristen Clements-Nolle are with the School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno. Sara K. Vesely is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Janene Fluhr is with the Oklahoma Institute for Child Advocacy, Oklahoma City
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Roy F. Oman and Kristen Clements-Nolle are with the School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno. Sara K. Vesely is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Janene Fluhr is with the Oklahoma Institute for Child Advocacy, Oklahoma City
| | - Kristen Clements-Nolle
- Roy F. Oman and Kristen Clements-Nolle are with the School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno. Sara K. Vesely is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Janene Fluhr is with the Oklahoma Institute for Child Advocacy, Oklahoma City
| | - Janene Fluhr
- Roy F. Oman and Kristen Clements-Nolle are with the School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno. Sara K. Vesely is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Janene Fluhr is with the Oklahoma Institute for Child Advocacy, Oklahoma City
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Green J, Oman RF, Vesely SK, Cheney M, Carroll L. Beyond the Effects of Comprehensive Sexuality Education: The Significant Prospective Effects of Youth Assets on Contraceptive Behaviors. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:678-684. [PMID: 28974359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to prospectively determine if youth assets were significantly associated with contraception use after accounting for the effects of youths' exposure to comprehensive sexuality education programming. METHODS Prospective associations between youth asset scores, comprehensive sexuality education topics received, type of contraceptive used, and consistent contraceptive use were analyzed using multinomial and binomial logistic regression in a sample of 757 sexually active youth. RESULTS Higher youth asset scores were associated with condom use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.01-2.28), hormonal birth control use (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.69-4.35), dual method use (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.44-3.82), and consistent contraceptive use (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.38-2.82). After controlling for youths' experience with comprehensive sexuality education, higher youth asset scores remained a significant predictor of hormonal birth control use (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.28-3.42), dual method use (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.61-4.15), and consistent contraceptive use (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.36-2.80). CONCLUSIONS Youth serving organizations that are interested in preventing teen pregnancy should consider widespread implementation of evidence-based youth development programs that focus on building and strengthening specific youth assets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy F Oman
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada.
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Marshall Cheney
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Leslie Carroll
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center/OU-Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Haegerich TM, Shults RA, Oman RF, Vesely SK. The Predictive Influence of Youth Assets on Drinking and Driving Behaviors in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Prim Prev 2016; 37:231-45. [PMID: 26779910 PMCID: PMC6106768 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-016-0418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drinking and driving among adolescents and young adults remains a significant public health burden. Etiological research is needed to inform the development and selection of preventive interventions that might reduce alcohol-involved crashes and their tragic consequences. Youth assets-that is, skills, competencies, relationships, and opportunities-can help youth overcome challenges, successfully transition into adulthood, and reduce problem behavior. We examined the predictive influence of individual, relationship, and community assets on drinking and driving (DD) and riding with a drinking driver (RDD). We assessed prospective relationships through analysis of data from the Youth Assets Study, a community-based longitudinal study of socio-demographically diverse youth. Results from calculation of marginal models using a Generalized Estimating Equation approach revealed that parent and peer relationship and school connectedness assets reduced the likelihood of both drinking and driving and riding with a drinking driver approximately 1 year later. The most important and consistent asset that influenced DD and RDD over time was parental monitoring, highlighting the role of parental influence extending beyond the immediate teen driving context into young adulthood. Parenting-focused interventions could influence factors that place youth at risk for injury from DD to RDD, complementing other evidence-based strategies such as school-based instructional programs and zero tolerance Blood Alcohol Concentration laws for young and inexperienced drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Haegerich
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS F62, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Ruth A Shults
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS F62, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Roy F Oman
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sara K Vesely
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Cheney MK, Oman RF, Vesely SK, Aspy CB, Tolma EL. The Prospective Association of Youth Assets With Tobacco Use in Young Adulthood. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2015.1077177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy F. Oman
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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Cheney MK, Oman RF, Vesely SK, Aspy CB, Tolma EL, John R. Prospective association between negative life events and initiation of sexual intercourse: the influence of family structure and family income. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:598-604. [PMID: 25602885 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the prospective association between negative life events and time to initiation of sexual intercourse and the influence of family structure and family income on this association. METHODS We followed up a randomly selected sample (n=649) of ethnically diverse parents and their children aged 12 to 17 years over a 5-year period. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to examine the relation between negative life events and time to initiation of sexual intercourse. Family structure and family income were assessed as confounders. RESULTS Negative life events were significant predictors of time to initiation of sexual intercourse in adolescents. After controlling for demographic variables, youths reporting 1 negative life event had a hazard of initiation of sexual intercourse 1.40 times greater and youths reporting 2 or more negative life events had a hazard of initiation of sexual intercourse 1.61 times greater compared with youths reporting no negative life events. Family structure and family income were not significant confounders of the relation between initiation of sexual intercourse and negative life events. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to prevent initiation of sexual intercourse should focus on youths with recent negative life events, regardless of family income and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall K Cheney
- Marshall K. Cheney is with the Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman. Roy F. Oman, Eleni L. Tolma, and Robert John are with the Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Sara K. Vesely is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Cheryl B. Aspy is with the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
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Cheney MK, Oman RF, Vesely SK. Prospective associations among youth assets in young adults and tobacco use. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48:S94-S101. [PMID: 25528715 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental assets protect adolescents from tobacco use; however, their influence during the transition to young adulthood is unknown. PURPOSE To determine the prospective associations among assets and tobacco use in older adolescents and young adults. METHODS Prospective analyses were conducted using five waves of annual data collected from 467 randomly selected ethnically diverse youth (baseline age, 15-17 years) from 2003 to 2008. Logistic regression was conducted in 2013 to prospectively examine associations between ten Wave 1 assets with no tobacco use in the past 30 days over the five waves of the study (no use). Assets that were significantly associated with no use were included in a second analysis to examine the cumulative effect of Wave 1 assets on no use. RESULTS Youth who possessed Family Communication, Relationship with Mother, Aspirations for the Future, Parental Monitoring, or Responsible Choices assets had significantly higher odds of no tobacco use. There were significant interactions between Relationship with Father, Non-Parental Adult Role Models, Future Educational Aspirations, and Peer Role Models assets and family structure, gender, or both. There was a significant interaction between cumulative assets and family structure. For youth in two-parent households at Wave 1, those with more assets had significantly greater odds of reporting no tobacco use over five waves compared to those with the fewest assets. CONCLUSIONS The influence of assets in adolescents can influence tobacco use into young adulthood. Family structure and gender can influence the asset-tobacco use relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall K Cheney
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman.
| | - Roy F Oman
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Oman RF, Vesely SK, Aspy CB, Tolma EL. Prospective Associations Among Assets and Successful Transition to Early Adulthood. Am J Public Health 2014; 105:e51-e56. [PMID: 25393188 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. We investigated prospective associations among assets (e.g., family communication), which research has shown to protect youths from risk behavior, and successful transition to early adulthood (STEA). Methods. We included participants (n = 651) aged 18 years and older at study wave 5 (2007-2008) of the Youth Asset Study, in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, metro area, in the analyses. We categorized 14 assets into individual-, family-, or community-level groups. We included asset groups assessed at wave 1 (2003-2004) in linear regression analyses to predict STEA 4 years later at wave 5. Results. Individual- and community-level assets significantly (P < .05) predicted STEA 4 years later and the associations were generally linear, indicating that the more assets participants possessed the better the STEA outcome. There was a gender interaction for family-level assets suggesting that family-level assets were significant predictors of STEA for males but not for females. Conclusions. Public health programming should focus on community- and family-level youth assets as well as individual-level youth assets to promote positive health outcomes in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy F Oman
- Roy F. Oman and Eleni L. Tolma are with the Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Sara K. Vesely is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Cheryl B. Aspy is with the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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Aspy CB, Tolma EL, Oman RF, Vesely SK. The influence of assets and environmental factors on gender differences in adolescent drug use. J Adolesc 2014; 37:827-37. [PMID: 25086459 PMCID: PMC4121597 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For adolescents, illicit drug use remains a significant public health problem. This study explored prospectively the differential effects of 17 youth assets and 5 environmental factors on drug use in adolescent males and females (Youth Asset Study - a 5-wave longitudinal study of 1117 youth/parent pairs). Baseline analyses included 1093 youth (53% female). Mean age was 14.3 years (SD = 1.6) and the youth were 40% Non-Hispanic White, 28% Hispanic, 24% Non-Hispanic Black, and 9% Non-Hispanic other. Analyses revealed that 16 assets for males and 15 for females as well as the total asset score were prospectively associated with no drug use. No environmental factors were prospectively associated with any drug use for males, and for a subset of females, only Neighborhood Support was significant. This study confirms and extends previous work regarding youth drug use by recognizing the importance of the protective effect of assets for both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl B Aspy
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 900 NE 10th St., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Eleni L Tolma
- P.O. Box 26901, Rm. 453, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
| | - Roy F Oman
- P.O. Box 26901, Rm. 453, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Post Office Box 26901, Room 358, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
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Haegerich TM, Oman RF, Vesely SK, Aspy CB, Tolma EL. The predictive influence of family and neighborhood assets on fighting and weapon carrying from mid- to late adolescence. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2014; 15:473-84. [PMID: 23677457 PMCID: PMC4710476 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-013-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using a developmental, social-ecological approach to understand the etiology of health-risk behavior and inform primary prevention efforts, we assess the predictive effects of family and neighborhood social processes on youth physical fighting and weapon carrying. Specifically, we focus on relationships among youth and their parents, family communication, parental monitoring, as well as sense of community and neighborhood informal social control, support, concerns, and disorder. This study advances knowledge through its investigation of family and neighborhood structural factors and social processes together, employment of longitudinal models that estimate effects over adolescent development, and use of self-report and observational measures. Data from 1,093 youth/parent pairs were analyzed from the Youth Assets Study using a Generalized Estimating Equation approach; family and neighborhood assets and risks were analyzed as time varying and lagged. Similar family assets affected physical fighting and weapon carrying, whereas different neighborhood social processes influenced the two forms of youth violence. Study findings have implications for the primary prevention of youth violence, including the use of family-based approaches that build relationships and parental monitoring skills and community-level change approaches that promote informal social control and reduce neighborhood concerns about safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Haegerich
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS F-62, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA,
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Oman RF, Vesely SK, Aspy CB, Tolma EL, Gavin L, Bensyl DM, Mueller T, Fluhr JD. A longitudinal study of youth assets, neighborhood conditions, and youth sexual behaviors. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:779-85. [PMID: 23402985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively determine whether individual, family, and community assets help youth to delay initiation of sexual intercourse (ISI); and for youth who do initiate intercourse, to use birth control and avoid pregnancy. The potential influence of neighborhood conditions was also investigated. METHODS The Youth Asset Study was a 4-year longitudinal study involving 1,089 youth (mean age = 14.2 years, standard deviation = 1.6; 53% female; 40% white, 28% Hispanic, 23% African American, 9% other race) and their parents. Participants were living in randomly selected census tracts. We accomplished recruitment via door-to-door canvassing. We interviewed one youth and one parent from each household annually. We assessed 17 youth assets (e.g., responsible choices, family communication) believed to influence behavior at multiple levels via in-person interviews methodology. Trained raters who conducted annual windshield tours assessed neighborhood conditions. RESULTS Cox proportional hazard or marginal logistic regression modeling indicated that 11 assets (e.g., family communication, school connectedness) were significantly associated with reduced risk for ISI; seven assets (e.g., educational aspirations for the future, responsible choices) were significantly associated with increased use of birth control at last sex; and 10 assets (e.g., family communication, school connectedness) were significantly associated with reduced risk for pregnancy. Total asset score was significantly associated with all three outcomes. Positive neighborhood conditions were significantly associated with increased birth control use, but not with ISI or pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Programming to strengthen youth assets may be a promising strategy for reducing youth sexual risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy F Oman
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Smith BD, Kalayil EJ, Patel-Larson A, Chen B, Vaughan M. Retaining clients in an outcome monitoring evaluation study: HIV prevention efforts in community settings. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2012; 35:16-24. [PMID: 22054520 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) conducted outcome monitoring studies on evidence-based interventions (EBIs) provided by CDC-funded community-based organizations (CBOs). Critical to the success of outcome monitoring was the ability of CBOs to recruit and retain clients in evaluation studies. Two EBIs, Video Opportunities for Innovative Condom Education and Safer Sex (VOICES/VOCES) and Healthy Relationships, were evaluated using repeated measure studies, which require robust follow-up retention rates to increase the validity and usefulness of the findings. The retention rates were high for both VOICES/VOCES CBOs (95.8% at 30 days and 91.1% at 120 days), and Healthy Relationships CBOs (89.5% at 90 days and 83.5% at 180 days). This paper presents an overview of the retention of clients, challenges to follow-up, and strategies developed by CBOs to achieve high retention rates. These strategies and rates are discussed within the context of the CBOs' target populations and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce D Smith
- Program Evaluation Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Bensyl DM, Vesely SK, Tolma EL, Oman RF, Aspy C. Associations between youth assets and sexual intercourse by household income. Am J Health Promot 2011; 25:301-9. [PMID: 21534832 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.090401-quan-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate youth assets or potential strengths and sexual intercourse associations by household income. DESIGN Data consisted of youth and parent responses from randomly selected households from a cross-sectional study and wave one of a longitudinal extension of that study. Youth assets and sexual intercourse were compared for four income categories. SETTING Midwestern racially diverse, inner-city neighborhoods. SUBJECTS One adolescent (12-19 years) and one parent (2335 pairs). MEASURES Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression. Variables assessed included parent and youth demographics, youth sexual intercourse, and youth assets (adult and peer role models, family communication, use of time [religion or sports], community involvement, future aspirations, responsible choices, and health practices). RESULTS Youths' mean age was 14.9 (± 1.8) years, and 52% were female; 44% of respondents were white. Use of time (religion) was significantly associated with never having sex for all but the lowest income youth (OR range=1.79-2.64). The variable peer role models was significant for the lowest income (O =2.01) and two upper income groups (ORs=2.52 and 4.27, respectively). The variable future aspirations was significant for the lowest income youth (OR=1.77). CONCLUSION The youth asset variable future aspirations was critical for the lowest income households. Other asset variables, such as peer role models and use of time (religion) were critical regardless of income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Bensyl
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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