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Wu T, Ji MR, Luo LX. Mechanisms and potential applications of COPS6 in pan-cancer therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:367-370. [PMID: 38576589 PMCID: PMC10989263 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (COPS6) is abnormally overexpressed in many malignancies, yet its precise role in carcinogenesis is unknown. To gain a better understanding of COPS6's role, the authors conducted a pan-cancer analysis using various bioinformatics techniques such as differential expression patterns, prognostic value, gene mutations, immune infiltration, correlation analysis, and functional enrichment assessment. Results showed that COPS6 was highly correlated with prognosis, immune cell infiltration level, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability in patients with a range of tumor types. This suggests that COPS6 may be a potential target for cancer treatment. Overall, this research provides insight into COPS6's role in cancer development and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Miao-Rong Ji
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lian-Xiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
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Ren J, Yu P, Liu S, Li R, Niu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Deubiquitylating Enzymes in Cancer and Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303807. [PMID: 37888853 PMCID: PMC10754134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome by removing the post-translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous DUBs have been demonstrated specificity for cleaving a certain type of ubiquitin linkage or positions within ubiquitin chains. Moreover, several DUBs perform functions through specific protein-protein interactions in a catalytically independent manner, which further expands the versatility and complexity of DUBs' functions. Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of ubiquitome and causes various diseases, especially cancer and immune disorders. This review summarizes the Janus-faced roles of DUBs in cancer including proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as in immunity involving innate immune receptor signaling and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The prospects and challenges for the clinical development of DUB inhibitors are further discussed. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faced roles of DUBs in cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug DiscoveryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310058China
| | - Ran Li
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Xin Niu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450003P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
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Wang SL, Zhuo GZ, Wang LP, Jiang XH, Liu GH, Pan YB, Li YR. Computational exploration of the significance of COPS6 in cancer: Functional and clinical relevance across tumor types. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:479-503. [PMID: 38059183 PMCID: PMC10696221 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (COPS6) has been implicated in cancer progression, while its precise role in most types of cancer remains elusive. AIM To investigate the functional and clinical relevance of COPS6 across various tumor types using publicly available databases. METHODS We used R software and online analysis databases to analyze the differential expression, prognosis, mutation and related functions of COPS6 in pan-cancer. RESULTS Differential expression analysis and survival analysis demonstrated that COPS6 was highly expressed and associated with high-risk profiles in the majority of cancer types. Possible associations between COPS6 expression level and prognostic outcomes were found using data from public databases. Mutational analysis revealed that missense mutations were the predominant type of COPS6 mutation. Additionally, positive correlations were identified between COPS6 expression level and tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability in most types of cancer. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between COPS6 expression level and CD8+ T cell infiltration in certain types of cancer. The correlation between COPS6 expression level and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration exhibited heterogeneity, in which a positive correlation was found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and tenosynovial giant cell tumor, and a negative correlation was identified in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and thymoma. The correlation between COPS6 expression level and macrophage infiltration was closely related to macrophage type. Gene co-expression and enrichment analysis highlighted transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 2 and G protein pathway suppressor 1 were significantly and positively associated with COPS6 expression level. These genes were predominantly involved in processes, such as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study systematically explored the significance of COPS6 across different tumor types, providing a solid foundation for considering COPS6 as a novel biomarker in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guang-Zheng Zhuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang-Hu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guo-Hong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun-Bao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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George N, Bhandari P, Shruptha P, Jayaram P, Chaudhari S, Satyamoorthy K. Multidimensional outlook on the pathophysiology of cervical cancer invasion and metastasis. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2581-2606. [PMID: 36905477 PMCID: PMC10006576 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer being one of the primary causes of high mortality rates among women is an area of concern, especially with ineffective treatment strategies. Extensive studies are carried out to understand various aspects of cervical cancer initiation, development and progression; however, invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma has poor outcomes. Moreover, the advanced stages of cervical cancer may involve lymphatic circulation with a high risk of tumor recurrence at distant metastatic sites. Dysregulation of the cervical microbiome by human papillomavirus (HPV) together with immune response modulation and the occurrence of novel mutations that trigger genomic instability causes malignant transformation at the cervix. In this review, we focus on the major risk factors as well as the functionally altered signaling pathways promoting the transformation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia into invasive squamous cell carcinoma. We further elucidate genetic and epigenetic variations to highlight the complexity of causal factors of cervical cancer as well as the metastatic potential due to the changes in immune response, epigenetic regulation, DNA repair capacity, and cell cycle progression. Our bioinformatics analysis on metastatic and non-metastatic cervical cancer datasets identified various significantly and differentially expressed genes as well as the downregulation of potential tumor suppressor microRNA miR-28-5p. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the genomic landscape in invasive and metastatic cervical cancer will help in stratifying the patient groups and designing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena George
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Poonam Bhandari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Padival Shruptha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sima Chaudhari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Li Y, Gao X, Huang Y, Zhu X, Chen Y, Xue L, Zhu Q, Wang B, Wu M. Tumor microenvironment promotes lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer: its mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1114042. [PMID: 37234990 PMCID: PMC10206119 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have shed light on the etiology of cervical cancer, metastasis of advanced cervical cancer remains the main reason for the poor outcome and high cancer-related mortality rate. Cervical cancer cells closely communicate with immune cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The crosstalk between tumors and immune cells has been clearly shown to foster metastatic dissemination. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms of tumor metastasis is crucial to develop more effective therapies. In this review, we interpret several characteristics of the TME that promote the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer, such as immune suppression and premetastatic niche formation. Furthermore, we summarize the complex interactions between tumor cells and immune cells within the TME, as well as potential therapeutic strategies to target the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofan Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yibao Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liru Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Padežnik T, Oleksy A, Cokan A, Takač I, Sobočan M. Changes in the Extracellular Matrix in Endometrial and Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065463. [PMID: 36982551 PMCID: PMC10052846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial and cervical cancers are the two most common gynaecological malignancies and among the leading causes of death worldwide. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the cellular microenvironment and plays an important role in developing and regulating normal tissues and homeostasis. The pathological dynamics of the ECM contribute to several different processes such as endometriosis, infertility, cancer, and metastasis. Identifying changes in components of ECM is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of cancer development and its progression. We performed a systematic analysis of publications on the topic of changes in the extracellular matrix in cervical and endometrial cancer. The findings of this systematic review show that matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role impacting tumour growth in both types of cancer. MMPs degrade various specific substrates (collagen, elastin, fibronectin, aggrecan, fibulin, laminin, tenascin, vitronectin, versican, nidogen) and play a crucial role in the basal membrane degradation and ECM components. Similar types of MMPs were found to be increased in both cancers, namely, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-11. Elevated concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were correlated with the FIGO stage and are associated with poor prognosis in endometrial cancer, whereas in cervical cancer, elevated concentrations of MMP-9 have been associated with a better outcome. Elevated ADAMTS levels were found in cervical cancer tissues. Elevated disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) levels were also found in endometrial cancer, but their role is still unclear. Following these findings, this review reports on tissue inhibitors of ECM enzymes, MMPs, and ADAMTS. The present review demonstrates changes in the extracellular matrix in cervical and endometrial cancers and compared their effect on cancer development, progression, and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Padežnik
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Anja Oleksy
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Cokan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Takač
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Divison for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sobočan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Divison for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Pan X, Yu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Fu G. Cathepsin L was involved in vascular aging by mediating phenotypic transformation of vascular cells. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 104:104828. [PMID: 36206719 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vascular media and adventitia-induced remodeling plays an important role in vascular aging. However, the mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying vascular aging. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of cathepsin L (CTSL) significantly decreased in arteries of old mice (24 months old) compared with that in arteries of young mice (4 months old), which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The expression of CTSL in adventitia fibroblasts (AFs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of aged mice was lower than that of young mice. Compared with wild-type control mice, CTSL knockout (CTSL - /-) mice had increased collagen deposition (fibrosis) and decreased telomerase activity and LC3Ⅱ/ LC3Ⅰratio. The expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and osteopontin (OPN) increased in aortas of CTSL-/-mice compared with that in aortas of wild-type control mice. In vitro, lentivirus-mediated CTSL knockdown induced VSMCs senescence and AFs transformed into myofibroblasts (MFs). Rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, inhibited CTSL deficiency induced VSMCs senescence, osteopontin (OPN) secretion and AFs migration. In conclusion, the decreased level of CTSL with age may participate in vascular aging by promoting the phenotypic transformation of vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yan Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Yu
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yan Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yan Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yan Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Fu
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yan Chang Road, 200072, Shanghai, China
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Du X, Ding L, Huang S, Li F, Yan Y, Tang R, Ding X, Zhu Z, Wang W. Cathepsin L promotes chemresistance to neuroblastoma by modulating serglycin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:920022. [PMID: 36133820 PMCID: PMC9484481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.920022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL), a lysosomal acid cysteine protease, is found to play a critical role in chemosencitivity and tumor progression. However, the potential roles and molecular mechanisms of CTSL in chemoresistance in neuroblastoma (NB) are still unclear. In this study, the correlation between clinical characteristics, survival and CTSL expression were assessed in Versteeg dataset. The chemoresistant to cisplatin or doxorubicin was detected using CCK-8 assay. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of CTSL, multi-drug resistance proteins, autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins in NB cells while knocking down CTSL. Lysosome staining was analyzed to access the expression levels of lysosomes in NB cells. The expression of apoptosis markers was analyzed with immunofluorescence. Various datasets were analyzed to find the potential protein related to CTSL. In addition, a subcutaneous tumor xenografts model in M-NSG mice was used to assess tumor response to CTSL inhibition in vivo. Based on the validation dataset (Versteeg), we confirmed that CTSL served as a prognostic marker for poor clinical outcome in NB patients. We further found that the expression level of CTSL was higher in SK-N-BE (2) cells than in IMR-32 cells. Knocking down CTSL reversed the chemoresistance in SK-N-BE (2) cells. Furthermore, combination of CTSL inhibition and chemotherapy potently blocked tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, CTSL promoted chemoresistance in NB cells by up-regulating multi-drug resistance protein ABCB1 and ABCG2, inhibiting the autophagy level and cell apoptpsis. Furthermore, we observed six datasets and found that Serglycin (SRGN) expression was positively associated with CTSL expresssion. CTSL could mediate chemoresistance by up-regulating SRGN expression in NB cells and SRGN expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis of NB patients. Taken together, our findings indicate that the CTSL promotes chemoresistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin by up-regulating the expression of multi-drug resistance proteins and inhibiting the autophagy level and cell apoptosis in NB cells. Thus, CTSL may be a therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistant to cisplatin and doxorubicin in NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Leyun Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shungen Huang
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruze Tang
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjuan Wang, ; Xinyuan Ding, ; Zengyan Zhu,
| | - Zengyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjuan Wang, ; Xinyuan Ding, ; Zengyan Zhu,
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjuan Wang, ; Xinyuan Ding, ; Zengyan Zhu,
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Jain V, Bose S, Arya AK, Arif T. Lysosomes in Stem Cell Quiescence: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071618. [PMID: 35406389 PMCID: PMC8996909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that regulate essential biological processes such as cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. They are primarily connected to the degradation/recycling of cellular macromolecules and participate in cellular trafficking, nutritional signaling, energy metabolism, and immune regulation. Therefore, lysosomes connect cellular metabolism and signaling pathways. Lysosome's involvement in the critical biological processes has rekindled clinical interest towards this organelle for treating various diseases, including cancer. Recent research advancements have demonstrated that lysosomes also regulate the maintenance and hemostasis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other types of cancer. Lysosomes regulate both HSCs' metabolic networks and identity transition. AML is a lethal type of blood cancer with a poor prognosis that is particularly associated with aging. Although the genetic landscape of AML has been extensively described, only a few targeted therapies have been produced, warranting the need for further research. This review summarizes the functions and importance of targeting lysosomes in AML, while highlighting the significance of lysosomes in HSCs maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Jain
- Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Swaroop Bose
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Awadhesh K. Arya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-241-4143; Fax: +212-860-9279
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Targeting lysosomes in human disease: from basic research to clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:379. [PMID: 34744168 PMCID: PMC8572923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis. Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have been correlated with the development of numerous diseases. In this review, we interpreted the key biological functions of lysosomes in four areas: cellular metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and cell death. More importantly, we actively sought to determine the characteristic changes and dysfunction of lysosomes in cells affected by these diseases, the causes of these changes and dysfunction, and their significance to the development and treatment of human disease. Furthermore, we outlined currently available targeting strategies: (1) targeting lysosomal acidification; (2) targeting lysosomal cathepsins; (3) targeting lysosomal membrane permeability and integrity; (4) targeting lysosomal calcium signaling; (5) targeting mTOR signaling; and (6) emerging potential targeting strategies. Moreover, we systematically summarized the corresponding drugs and their application in clinical trials. By integrating basic research with clinical findings, we discussed the current opportunities and challenges of targeting lysosomes in human disease.
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11
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Zhao H, Huang C, Luo Y, Yao X, Hu Y, Wang M, Chen X, Zeng J, Hu W, Wang J, Li R, Yao X. A Correlation Study of Prognostic Risk Prediction for Colorectal Cancer Based on Autophagy Signature Genes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:595099. [PMID: 34168974 PMCID: PMC8218632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.595099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a complex role in tumors, sometimes promoting cancer cell survival and sometimes inducing apoptosis, and its role in the colorectal tumor microenvironment is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in colorectal cancer. We identified 37 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes by collecting TCGA colorectal tumor transcriptome data. A single-factor COX regression equation was used to identify 11 key prognostic genes, and a prognostic risk prediction model was constructed based on multifactor COX analysis. We classified patients into high and low risk groups according to prognostic risk parameters (p <0.001) and determined the prognostic value they possessed by survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the training and test sets of internal tests. In a multifactorial independent prognostic analysis, this risk value could be used as an independent prognostic indicator (HR=1.167, 95% CI=1.078-1.264, P<0.001) and was a robust predictor without any staging interference. To make it more applicable to clinical procedures, we constructed nomogram based on risk parameters and parameters of key clinical characteristics. The area under ROC curve for 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 0.735 and 0.718, respectively. These will better enable us to monitor patient prognosis, thus improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibi Zhao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Yao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Muqing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.,Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Baoan Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shen Zhen University, Shen Zhen, China
| | - Weixian Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Baoan Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shen Zhen University, Shen Zhen, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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12
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Zhang Z, Yue P, Lu T, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33990205 PMCID: PMC8120021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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13
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Fu H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen P. CSN1 facilitates proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulating cyclin A2 expression. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:46. [PMID: 33200803 PMCID: PMC7705997 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 signalosome subunit 1 (CSN1) plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and regulates various cellular processes, such as the cell cycle and DNA repair. The CSN complex consists of eight subunits (CSN1 to CSN8) and regulates the tumorigenesis of a variety of tumor types. However, the exact role of CSN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The present study evaluated the expression and biological effects of CSN1 in HCC tissue samples and cell lines. CSN1 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissue and cell lines, compared with their normal counterparts. In patients with HCC, elevated CSN1 levels correlated with tumor size, tumor metastasis and tumor stage. Loss‑of‑function assays indicated that CSN1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration HCC cells. In addition, CSN1 promoted the expression of cyclin A2 in a ubiquitination‑independent manner. Lastly, xenograft experiments indicated that CSN1 promoted HCC tumor growth in vivo. The present study suggested that CSN1 inhibition could represent a potential approach for the prevention of HCC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangwei Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yida Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
| | - Junying Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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14
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The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in the Various Forms of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124196. [PMID: 32545524 PMCID: PMC7352190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have an essential role in several cell biological processes via removing the various ubiquitin patterns as posttranslational modification forms from the target proteins. These enzymes also contribute to the normal cytoplasmic ubiquitin pool during the recycling of this molecule. Autophagy, a summary name of the lysosome dependent self-degradative processes, is necessary for maintaining normal cellular homeostatic equilibrium. Numerous forms of autophagy are known depending on how the cellular self-material is delivered into the lysosomal lumen. In this review we focus on the colorful role of DUBs in autophagic processes and discuss the mechanistic contribution of these molecules to normal cellular homeostasis via the possible regulation forms of autophagic mechanisms.
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15
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Ma F, Wang H, Liu K, Wang Z, Chen S. CSN6 inhibition suppresses pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasis via destabilizing the c-Fos protein. Exp Cell Res 2020; 391:112004. [PMID: 32289284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinase (DUB) can reverse the ubiquitin signal, and participate in virtually all aspects of cancer progression. Thus, DUB represents an attractive target for development of anticancer drugs. However, little is known about DUB which can be used as drug targets. Here, we found that the constitutive photomorphogenic 9 (COP9) signalosome complex subunit 6 (COPS6/CSN6), a DUB belongs to JAMM/MPN domain-associated metallopeptidases(JAMMs) class, was highly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD) tissues. High expression of CSN6 was associated with tumor TNM stage and metastasis in PAAD patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that CSN6 promoted invasion and metastasis through regulating forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) in PAAD cells. Re-expression of FOXA1 rescued the decreased invasion and metastasis caused by CSN6 knockdown, whereas inhibition of FOXA1 alleviated the pro-metastasis effect induced by CSN6 overexpression. Further, CSN6 regulated the expression of FOXA1 via c-Fos in PAAD cells. Mechanistically, CSN6 stabilized c-Fos protein by binding to it and decreasing its ubiquitination. Our work identified CSN6 as a targeting-permissible deubiquitinase, and CSN6 inhibition maybe a potential treatment strategy for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China
| | - Kefen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Haijiya Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Haijiya Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang W, Wu X, Li C, Huang Y, Zhou H, Cui Y. Resveratrol Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells to Cetuximab by Connexin 43 Upregulation-Induced Akt Inhibition. Front Oncol 2020; 10:383. [PMID: 32318334 PMCID: PMC7155766 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that acts as an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agent. Cetuximab inhibits the phosphorylation and activation of EGFR and blocks downstream signal pathways of EGF/EGFR, including Ras-Raf-MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways. Akt activation is an important factor in cetuximab resistance. It has been reported that resveratrol and connexin 43 regulate Akt in different ways based on tissue type. Since connexin 43 interacts with Akt, and resveratrol is known to upregulate connexin 43, we investigated whether resveratrol can sensitize colorectal cancer cells to cetuximab via connexin 43 upregulation. Our work confirmed that resveratrol increases the inhibition of growth by cetuximab in vitro and in vivo, upregulates connexin 43 expression and phosphorylation, increases gap junction function, and inhibits the activation of Akt and NFκB in parental or cetuximab-treated parental HCT116 and CT26 cells. Resveratrol did not exhibit these effects on connexin 43-shRNA transfected cells, so connexin 43 upregulation may contribute to Akt inhibition in these cells. Given these data, resveratrol may sensitize colorectal cancer cells to cetuximab via upregulating connexin 43 to inhibit the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Wang
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjun Li
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiyan Zhou
- Beijing Enmin Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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17
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Hou J, Cui H. CSN6: a promising target for cancer prevention and therapy. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:645-652. [PMID: 32016946 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CSN6 has recently received increased attention as a multifunctional protein involved in protein stability. CSN6 plays an important role in controlling cellular proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis, modulating signal transduction, as well as regulating DNA damage and repair. Most studies have demonstrated that CSN6 is significantly upregulated in human malignant tumors such as cervical cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and glioblastoma, and its expression is usually correlated with poor prognosis. In this review, we summarize recent available findings regarding the oncogenic role of CSN6 in tumors, and provide a better understanding of CSN6 function at the molecular level and its potential therapeutic implications in combating human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Mou J, Wei L, Liang J, Du W, Pei D. CSN6 promotes the cell migration of breast cancer cells by positively regulating Snail1 stability. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2809-2818. [PMID: 33162808 PMCID: PMC7645341 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CSN6, a subunit of the highly conserved constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN), has been reported to be implicated in tumor progression in various kinds of malignant tumors. However, the mechanism underlying CSN6 in the tumor development of breast cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: CSN6 staining in breast cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues was measured by tissue microarray (TMA) technology. The metastatic effect of CSN6 was measured by cell migration assay. Co-immunoprecipitation study was used to show the interaction between the protein CSN6 and Snail1. Ubiquitination assay was performed to validate whether ubiquitination is involved in the upregulation of Snail1 by CSN6. The impact of CSN6 on tumor metastasis in vivo was analyzed using xenotransplantation experiments in BALB/c mice. Results: Here, we demonstrated that CSN6 expression was dramatically increased in breast cancer tissues compared with paired adjacent cancerous tissues. CSN6 promoted the cell migration and wound healing abilities in breast cancer cell lines. Also we showed that CSN6 associates with Snail1 and enhances Snail1 protein level by inhibiting the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Snail1. Thus, CSN6 is involved in positively regulating the stability of Snail1. We further proved that CSN6 protein level was positively correlated with the Snail1 expression in xenograft model. Conclusion: These findings provide new insight into applicability of using the CSN6-Snail1 axis as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mou
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New drug and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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