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Chen Y, Jiang W, Wang J, Ma X, Wu D, Liu L, Ji M, Qu X, Liu C, Liu H, Qin X, Xiang Y. Conditional knockout of ITGB4 in bronchial epithelial cells directs bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3760-3772. [PMID: 37698050 PMCID: PMC10718146 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal respiratory system disease is closely associated with embryonic lung development. Our group found that integrin β4 (ITGB4) is downregulated in the airway epithelium of asthma patients. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness in childhood. Therefore, we suspect whether the deletion of ITGB4 would affect fetal lung development. In this study, we characterized the role of ITGB4 deficiency in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). ITGB4 was conditionally knocked out in CCSP-rtTA, Tet-O-Cre and ITGB4f/f triple transgenic mice. Lung tissues at different developmental stages were collected for experimental detection and transcriptome sequencing. The effects of ITGB4 deficiency on lung branching morphogenesis were observed by fetal mouse lung explant culture. Deleting ITGB4 from the airway epithelial cells results in enlargement of alveolar airspaces, inhibition of branching, the abnormal structure of epithelium cells and the impairment of cilia growth during lung development. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the airway epithelial cilia of the β4ccsp.cre group appear to be sparse, shortened and lodging. Lung-development-relevant factors such as SftpC and SOX2 significantly decreased both mRNA and protein levels. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that multiple ontogenesis-regulating-relevant pathways converge to FAK. Accordingly, ITGB4 deletion decreased phospho-FAK, phospho-GSK3β and SOX2 levels, and the correspondingly contrary consequence was detected after treatment with GSK3β agonist (wortmannin). Airway branching defect of β4ccsp.cre mice lung explants was also partly recovered after wortmannin treatment. Airway epithelial-specific deletion of ITGB4 contributes to lung developmental defect, which could be achieved through the FAK/GSK3β/SOX2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wang Jiang
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jin‐Mei Wang
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiao‐Di Ma
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Di Wu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- School of MedicineFoshan UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Le‐Xin Liu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Ji
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiang‐Ping Qu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chi Liu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hui‐Jun Liu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiao‐Qun Qin
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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2
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Delitto AE, Rocha F, Decker AM, Amador B, Sorenson HL, Wallet SM. MyD88-mediated innate sensing by oral epithelial cells controls periodontal inflammation. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:125-130. [PMID: 29289808 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are a class of non-resolving inflammatory diseases, initiated by a pathogenic subgingival biofilm, in a susceptible host, which if left untreated can result in soft and hard tissue destruction. Oral epithelial cells are the first line of defense against microbial infection within the oral cavity, whereby they can sense the environment through innate immune receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs). Therefore, oral epithelial cells directly and indirectly contribute to mucosal homeostasis and inflammation, and disruption of this homeostasis or over-activation of innate immunity can result in initiation and/or exacerbation of localized inflammation as observed in periodontal diseases. Dynamics of TLR signaling outcomes are attributable to several factors including the cell type on which it engaged. Indeed, our previously published data indicates that oral epithelial cells respond in a unique manner when compared to canonical immune cells stimulated in a similar fashion. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of oral epithelial cell innate sensing on periodontal disease, using a murine poly-microbial model in an epithelial cell specific knockout of the key TLR-signaling molecule MyD88 (B6K5Cre.MyD88plox). Following knockdown of MyD88 in the oral epithelium, mice were infected with Porphorymonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by oral lavage 4 times per week, every other week for 6 weeks. Loss of oral epithelial cell MyD88 expression resulted in exacerbated bone loss, soft tissue morphological changes, soft tissue infiltration, and soft tissue inflammation following polymicrobial oral infection. Most interestingly while less robust, loss of oral epithelial cell MyD88 also resulted in mild but statistically significant soft tissue inflammation and bone loss even in the absence of a polymicrobial infection. Together these data demonstrate that oral epithelial cell MyD88-dependent TLR signaling regulates the immunological balance within the oral cavity under conditions of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Delitto
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Fernanda Rocha
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Byron Amador
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Heather L Sorenson
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Haeger SM, Thompson JJ, Kalra S, Cleaver TG, Merrick D, Wang XJ, Malkoski SP. Smad4 loss promotes lung cancer formation but increases sensitivity to DNA topoisomerase inhibitors. Oncogene 2015; 35:577-586. [PMID: 25893305 PMCID: PMC4615192 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignancy with a poor prognosis. Despite progress targeting oncogenic drivers, there are no therapies targeting tumor suppressor loss. Smad4 is an established tumor suppressor in pancreatic and colon cancer, however, the consequences of Smad4 loss in lung cancer are largely unknown. We evaluated Smad4 expression in human NSCLC samples and examined Smad4 alterations in large NSCLC datasets and found that reduced Smad4 expression is common in human NSCLC and occurs through a variety of mechanisms including mutation, homozygous deletion, and heterozygous loss. We modeled Smad4 loss in lung cancer by deleting Smad4 in airway epithelial cells and found that Smad4 deletion both initiates and promotes lung tumor development. Interestingly, both Smad4−/− mouse tumors and human NSCLC samples with reduced Smad4 expression demonstrated increased DNA damage while Smad4 knockdown in lung cancer cells reduced DNA repair and increased apoptosis after DNA damage. In addition, Smad4 deficient NSCLC cells demonstrated increased sensitivity to both chemotherapeutics that inhibit DNA topoisomerase and drugs that block double strand DNA break repair by non-homologous end joining. In sum, these studies establish Smad4 as a lung tumor suppressor and suggest that the defective DNA repair phenotype of Smad4 deficient tumors can be exploited by specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Haeger
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Joshua J Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sean Kalra
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Timothy G Cleaver
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Daniel Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Stephen P Malkoski
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Paul MK, Bisht B, Darmawan DO, Chiou R, Ha VL, Wallace WD, Chon AT, Hegab AE, Grogan T, Elashoff DA, Alva-Ornelas JA, Gomperts BN. Dynamic changes in intracellular ROS levels regulate airway basal stem cell homeostasis through Nrf2-dependent Notch signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:199-214. [PMID: 24953182 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Airways are exposed to myriad environmental and damaging agents such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which also have physiological roles as signaling molecules that regulate stem cell function. However, the functional significance of both steady and dynamically changing ROS levels in different stem cell populations, as well as downstream mechanisms that integrate ROS sensing into decisions regarding stem cell homeostasis, are unclear. Here, we show in mouse and human airway basal stem cells (ABSCs) that intracellular flux from low to moderate ROS levels is required for stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. Changing ROS levels activate Nrf2, which activates the Notch pathway to stimulate ABSC self-renewal and an antioxidant program that scavenges intracellular ROS, returning overall ROS levels to a low state to maintain homeostatic balance. This redox-mediated regulation of lung stem cell function has significant implications for stem cell biology, repair of lung injuries, and diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash K Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bharti Bisht
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daphne O Darmawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vi L Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William D Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew T Chon
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University Medical School, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tristan Grogan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David A Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Pulmonary Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jackelyn A Alva-Ornelas
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brigitte N Gomperts
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Pulmonary Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Malkoski SP, Cleaver TG, Thompson JJ, Sutton WP, Haeger SM, Rodriguez KJ, Lu SL, Merrick D, Wang XJ. Role of PTEN in basal cell derived lung carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:841-6. [PMID: 23625632 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (AdC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes, however, most genetic mouse models of lung cancer produce predominantly, if not exclusively, AdC. Whether this is secondary to targeting mutations to the distal airway cells or to the use of activating Kras mutations that drive AdC formation is unknown. We previously showed that targeting Kras(G12D) activation and transforming growth factor β receptor type II (TGFβRII) deletion to airway basal cells via a keratin promoter induced formation of both lung AdC and SCC. In this study we assessed if targeting phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) deletion to airway basal cells could initiate lung tumor formation or increase lung SCC formation. We found that PTEN deletion is capable of initiating both lung AdC and SCC formation when targeted to basal cells and although PTEN deletion is a weaker tumor initiator than Kras(G12D) with low tumor multiplicity and long latency, tumors initiated by PTEN deletion were larger and displayed more malignant conversion than Kras(G12D) initiated tumors. That PTEN deletion did not increase lung SCC formation compared to Kras(G12D) activation, suggests that the initiating genetic event does not dictate tumor histology when genetic alterations are targeted to a specific cell. These studies also confirm that basal cells of the conducting airway are capable of giving rise to multiple NSCLC tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Malkoski
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Malkoski SP, Haeger SM, Cleaver TG, Rodriguez KJ, Li H, Lu SL, Feser WJ, Barón AE, Merrick D, Lighthall JG, Ijichi H, Franklin W, Wang XJ. Loss of transforming growth factor beta type II receptor increases aggressive tumor behavior and reduces survival in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2173-83. [PMID: 22399565 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes. This study was designed to determine whether reduced expression of TGFβ type II receptor (TGFβRII) promotes lung adenocarcinoma and SCC carcinogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined TGFβRII expression at the protein and mRNA levels in human NSCLC samples and assessed the relationship between TGFβRII expression and clinicopathologic parameters. To determine whether sporadic TGFβRII deletion in airway epithelial cells induces NSCLC formation, we targeted TGFβRII deletion alone and in combination with oncogenic Kras(G12D) to murine airways using a keratin 5 (K5) promoter and inducible Cre recombinase. RESULTS Reduced TGFβRII expression in human NSCLC is associated with male gender, smoking, SCC histology, reduced differentiation, increased tumor stage, increased nodal metastasis, and reduced survival. Homozygous or heterozygous TGFβRII deletion in mouse airway epithelia increases the size and number of Kras(G12D)-initiated adenocarcinoma and SCC. TGFβRII deletion increases proliferation, local inflammation, and TGFβ ligand elaboration; TGFβRII knockdown in airway epithelial cells increases migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Reduced TGFβRII expression in human NSCLC is associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and inflammation that is, at least partially, mediated by increased TGFβ1 expression. TGFβRII deletion in mouse airway epithelial cells promotes adenocarcinoma and SCC formation, indicating that TGFβRII loss plays a causal role in lung carcinogenesis. That TGFβRII shows haploid insufficiency suggests that a 50% TGFβRII protein reduction would negatively impact lung cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Malkoski
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pathology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Rawlins EL, Perl AK. The a"MAZE"ing world of lung-specific transgenic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:269-82. [PMID: 22180870 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0372ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of transgenic mouse lines suitable for studying gene function and cellular lineage relationships in lung development, homeostasis, injury, and repair. Many of the mouse strains reviewed in this Perspective have been widely shared within the lung research community, and new strains are continuously being developed. There are many transgenic lines that target subsets of lung cells, but it remains a challenge for investigators to select the correct transgenic modules for their experiment. This review covers the tetracycline- and tamoxifen-inducible systems and focuses on conditional lines that target the epithelial cells. We point out the limitations of each strain so investigators can choose the system that will work best for their scientific question. Current mesenchymal and endothelial lines are limited by the fact that they are not lung specific. These lines are summarized in a brief overview. In addition, useful transgenic reporter mice for studying lineage relationships, promoter activity, and signaling pathways will complete our lung-specific conditional transgenic mouse shopping list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Rawlins
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Divisions of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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Hegab AE, Ha VL, Gilbert JL, Zhang KX, Malkoski SP, Chon AT, Darmawan DO, Bisht B, Ooi AT, Pellegrini M, Nickerson DW, Gomperts BN. Novel stem/progenitor cell population from murine tracheal submucosal gland ducts with multipotent regenerative potential. Stem Cells 2011; 29:1283-93. [PMID: 21710468 DOI: 10.1002/stem.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is in direct contact with the environment and therefore constantly at risk for injury. Basal cells (BCs) have been found to repair the surface epithelium (SE), but the contribution of other stem cell populations to airway epithelial repair has not been identified. We demonstrated that airway submucosal gland (SMG) duct cells, in addition to BCs, survived severe hypoxic-ischemic injury. We developed a method to isolate duct cells from the airway. In vitro and in vivo models were used to compare the self-renewal and differentiation potential of duct cells and BCs. We found that only duct cells were capable of regenerating SMG tubules and ducts, as well as the SE overlying the SMGs. SMG duct cells are therefore a multipotent stem cell for airway epithelial repair This is of importance to the field of lung regeneration as determining the repairing cell populations could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and cell-based therapies for patients with airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Hegab
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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