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Lei X, Cui ZY, Huang XJ. Exploration of gastric carcinogenesis from the relationship between bile acids and intestinal metaplasia and intragastric microorganisms (H. pylori and non-H. pylori). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16947-16956. [PMID: 37707577 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent form of cancer, with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection being the most common risk factor. Recent studies have highlighted the role of long-term irritation of the gastric mucosa caused by bile reflux in the development of cancer. Bile acids (BAs), which are a significant component in bile reflux, have the potential to promote gastric carcinogenesis through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the induction of intestinal metaplasia (IM), inhibition of H. pylori activity, modification of H. pylori colonization, and alteration of the abundance and composition of microorganisms in the stomach. Defining the mechanism of bile acid-induced gastric carcinogenesis could potentially be an effective approach to prevent GC. Hence, this paper aims to review the mechanism of bile acid-induced IM, the association between BAs and H. pylori infection as well as microorganisms in the stomach, and the correlation between BAs and gastric carcinogenesis. The ultimate goal is to elucidate the role of BAs in the development of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 of Linxia Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Z Y Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 of Linxia Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - X J Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 of Linxia Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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2
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Wang M, Lou E, Xue Z. The role of bile acid in intestinal metaplasia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1115250. [PMID: 36891144 PMCID: PMC9986488 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (GC), intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a pathological transformation of non-intestinal epithelium into an intestinal-like mucosa. It greatly raises the risk of developing the intestinal type of GC, which is frequently observed in the stomach and esophagus. It is understood that esophageal adenocarcinoma's precursor lesion, chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is what causes Barrett's esophagus (BE), an acquired condition. Recently, Bile acids (BAs), which are one of the compositions of gastric and duodenal contents, have been confirmed that it led to the occurrence and development of BE and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). The objective of the current review is to discuss the mechanism of IM induced by bile acids. This review serves as a foundation for further research aimed at improving the way BE and GIM are currently managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Enzhe Lou
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zengfu Xue
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Jin D, Huang K, Xu M, Hua H, Ye F, Yan J, Zhang G, Wang Y. Deoxycholic acid induces gastric intestinal metaplasia by activating STAT3 signaling and disturbing gastric bile acids metabolism and microbiota. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2120744. [PMID: 36067404 PMCID: PMC9467587 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is the inevitable precancerous stage to develop intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC). Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is the main bile acid (BA) component of duodenogastric reflux and has shown an increased concentration during the transition from chronic gastritis to IM associated with continued STAT3 activation. However, the mechanisms underlying how DCA facilitates IM in the gastric epithelium need exploration. We evaluated IM and bile reflux in corpus tissues from 161 subjects undergoing GC screening. Cell survival and proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine expression and TGR5/STAT3/KLF5 axis activity were measured in normal human gastric cells, cancer cells, and organoid lines derived from C57BL/6, FVB/N and insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice treated with DCA. The effects of DCA on IM development were determined in INS-GAS mice with long-term DCA supplementation, after which the gastric bacterial and BA metabolic profiles were measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC-MS. We revealed a BA-triggered TGR5/STAT3/KLF5 pathway in human gastric IM tissues. In gastric epithelial cells, DCA promoted proliferation and apoptotic resistance, upregulated proinflammatory cytokines and IM markers, and facilitated STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear accumulation and DNA binding to the KLF5 promoter. DCA triggered STAT3 signaling and the downstream IM marker KLF5 in mouse gastric organoids in vitro and in vivo. In INS-GAS mice, DCA promoted the accumulation of serum total BAs and accelerated the stepwise development of gastric IM and dysplasia. DCA induced gastric environmental alterations involving abnormal BA metabolism and microbial dysbiosis, in which the Gemmobacter and Lactobacillus genera were specifically enriched. Lactobacillus genus enrichment was positively correlated with increased levels of GCA, CA, T-α-MCA, TCA and β-MCA in DCA-administrated INS-GAS mice. DCA promotes nuclear STAT3 phosphorylation, which mediates KLF5 upregulation associated with gastric inflammation and IM development. DCA disturbs the gastric microbiome and BA metabolism homeostasis during IM induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duochen Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NanjingChina,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keting Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NanjingChina,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NanjingChina,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjin Hua
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NanjingChina
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NanjingChina
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NanjingChina,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,CONTACT Guoxin Zhang
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NanjingChina,Yun Wang Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China
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Norollahi SE, Hamidian SMT, Vahidi S, Babaei K, Samadani AA. Modifications of WNT signaling pathway genes including WNT1, KLF5 and WNT16 in colorectal cancer. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Badgery H, Chong L, Iich E, Huang Q, Georgy SR, Wang DH, Read M. Recent insights into the biology of Barrett's esophagus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1481:198-209. [PMID: 32681541 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Our understanding of the pathogenesis and Barrett's metaplasia is incomplete, and this has limited the development of new therapeutic targets and agents, risk stratification ability, and management strategies. This review outlines current insights into the biology of BE and addresses controversies surrounding cell of origin, cellular reprogramming theories, updates on esophageal epithelial barrier function, and the significance of goblet cell metaplasia and its association with malignant change. Further research into the basic biology of BE is vital as it will underpin novel therapies and improve our ability to predict malignant progression and help identify the minority of patients who will develop EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Badgery
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynn Chong
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elhadi Iich
- Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Smitha Rose Georgy
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David H Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Centre and VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthew Read
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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