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Ferreira-Filho VC, Morais B, Vieira BJC, Waerenborgh JC, Carmezim MJ, Tóth CN, Même S, Lacerda S, Jaque D, Sousa CT, Campello MPC, Pereira LCJ. Influence of SPION Surface Coating on Magnetic Properties and Theranostic Profile. Molecules 2024; 29:1824. [PMID: 38675647 PMCID: PMC11052394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop multifunctional nanoplatforms for both cancer imaging and therapy using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Two distinct synthetic methods, reduction-precipitation (MR/P) and co-precipitation at controlled pH (MpH), were explored, including the assessment of the coating's influence, namely dextran and gold, on their magnetic properties. These SPIONs were further functionalized with gadolinium to act as dual T1/T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parameters such as size, stability, morphology, and magnetic behavior were evaluated by a detailed characterization analysis. To assess their efficacy in imaging and therapy, relaxivity and hyperthermia experiments were performed, respectively. The results revealed that both synthetic methods lead to SPIONs with similar average size, 9 nm. Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that samples obtained from MR/P consist of approximately 11-13% of Fe present in magnetite, while samples obtained from MpH have higher contents of 33-45%. Despite coating and functionalization, all samples exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Hyperthermia experiments showed increased SAR values with higher magnetic field intensity and frequency. Moreover, the relaxivity studies suggested potential dual T1/T2 contrast agent capabilities for the coated SPpH-Dx-Au-Gd sample, thus demonstrating its potential in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vital Cruvinel Ferreira-Filho
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento Engenharia Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN10, km 139,7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (V.C.F.-F.); (B.M.); (B.J.C.V.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Beatriz Morais
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento Engenharia Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN10, km 139,7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (V.C.F.-F.); (B.M.); (B.J.C.V.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Bruno J. C. Vieira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento Engenharia Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN10, km 139,7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (V.C.F.-F.); (B.M.); (B.J.C.V.); (J.C.W.)
| | - João Carlos Waerenborgh
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento Engenharia Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN10, km 139,7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (V.C.F.-F.); (B.M.); (B.J.C.V.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Maria João Carmezim
- Centro de Química Estrutural-CQE, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- ESTSetúbal, CDP2T, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Csilla Noémi Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, CEDEX 2, France; (C.N.T.); (S.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Sandra Même
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, CEDEX 2, France; (C.N.T.); (S.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Sara Lacerda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, CEDEX 2, France; (C.N.T.); (S.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Célia T. Sousa
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento Engenharia Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN10, km 139,7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (V.C.F.-F.); (B.M.); (B.J.C.V.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Laura C. J. Pereira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento Engenharia Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN10, km 139,7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (V.C.F.-F.); (B.M.); (B.J.C.V.); (J.C.W.)
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Nanostrategies for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Targeting of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043455. [PMID: 36834867 PMCID: PMC9958678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanomedicine bring the attention of researchers to the molecular targets that can play a major role in the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for cancer management. The choice of a proper molecular target can decide the efficacy of the treatment and endorse the personalized medicine approach. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is a G-protein-coupled membrane receptor, well known to be overexpressed in numerous malignancies including pancreatic, prostate, breast, lung, colon, cervical, and gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, many research groups express a deep interest in targeting GRPR with their nanoformulations. A broad spectrum of the GRPR ligands has been described in the literature, which allows tuning of the properties of the final formulation, particularly in the field of the ligand affinity to the receptor and internalization possibilities. Hereby, the recent advances in the field of applications of various nanoplatforms that are able to reach the GRPR-expressing cells are reviewed.
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