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Antifungal and antifeedant activities of extracellular product of Streptomyces spp. ERI-04 isolated from Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. J Mycol Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jiménez-Esquilín AE, Roane TM. Antifungal activities of actinomycete strains associated with high-altitude sagebrush rhizosphere. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 32:378-81. [PMID: 16044290 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-005-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal-producing potential of actinomycete populations from the rhizosphere of low-altitude sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata, has been examined. In a continued investigation of new sources of antifungal-producing microorganisms, this study examined the antifungal-producing potential of actinomycetes from the rhizosphere of high-altitude A. tridentata. With high-altitude sagebrush, rhizosphere soil actinomycete numbers were one to four orders of magnitude higher than those found in nonrhizosphere bulk soils and different from those found with the low-altitude plants. A total of 122 actinomycete isolates was screened against nine fungal species and six bacterial species for the production of antimicrobial compounds. Four rhizosphere isolates, Streptomyces amakusaensis, S. coeruleorubidus, S. hawaiiensis and S. scabies, showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against three or more fungal species in plate assays. In liquid antagonism assays, mycelium production by Aspergillus niger was reduced by up to 50% by two of the actinomycete isolates. These results demonstrate the potential of rhizosphere microbiology in the search for new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Jiménez-Esquilín
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 171, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
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Rajgarhia VB, Priestley ND, Strohl WR. The product of dpsC confers starter unit fidelity upon the daunorubicin polyketide synthase of Streptomyces sp. strain C5. Metab Eng 2001; 3:49-63. [PMID: 11162232 DOI: 10.1006/mben.2000.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of daunorubicin and its precursors proceeds via the condensation of nine C-2 units derived from malonyl-CoA onto a propionyl starter moiety. The daunorubicin polyketide biosynthesis gene cluster of Streptomyces sp. strain C5 has two unique open reading frames, dpsC and dpsD, encoding, respectively, a fatty acid ketoacyl synthase (KAS) III homologue that is lacking an active-site cysteine and a proposed acyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein acyltransferase. The two genes are positioned directly downstream of dpsA and dpsB which encode the alpha and beta components of the type II KAS, respectively. Expression of the dpsABCDEFGdauGI genes in Streptomyces lividans resulted in the formation of aklanonic acid, the first stable chromophore of the daunorubicin biosynthesis pathway. Deletion of dpsC, but not dpsD, from this gene set resulted in the formation of desmethylaklanonic acid, derived from an acetyl-CoA starter unit, and aklanonic acid, derived from propionyl-CoA, in a 60:40 ratio. Thus, DpsC contributes to the selection of propionyl-CoA as the starter unit but does not alone dictate it. A dpsCD deletion mutant of Streptomyces sp. strain C5 (C5VR5) still produced daunorubicin but, more significantly, anthracycline and anthracyclinone derivatives resulting from the use of acetyl-CoA as an alternative starter moiety. Expression of dpsC, but not dpsD, in mutant C5VR5 restored the wild-type phenotype. Among the new compounds was the new biosynthesis product feudomycin D. These results suggest that in the absence of DpsC, the daunorubicin PKS complex behaves promiscuously, utilizing both acetyl-CoA (ca. 60% of the time) and propionyl-CoA (ca. 40%) as starter units. The fact that DpsC is not required for initiation with propionyl-CoA is significant, as the information must then lie in other components of the PKS complex. We propose to call DpsC the propionyl starter unit "fidelity factor."
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Rajgarhia
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Kunnari TJ, Ylihonko KP, Klika KD, Mäntsälä PI, Hakala JM. Hybrid anthracyclines from a genetically engineered Streptomyces galilaeus mutant. J Org Chem 2000; 65:2851-5. [PMID: 10814169 DOI: 10.1021/jo980345o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic engineering of antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strains is an approach that is emerging and ready to become established as a successful methodology in developing analogues of the original, pharmaceutically important, natural products obtained from the organisms. The current report highlights this succes by demonstrating the high-level production of novel anthracyclines. The biosynthetic pathways of the nogalamycin-producing Streptomyces nogalater and the aclacinomycin-producing S. galilaeus were combined by transferring the genes of S. nogalater polyketide synthetase into a nonproducing S. galilaeus mutant. The resulting anthracycline antibiotics that were produced possessed structural features characteristic of compounds from both of the undoctored Streptomycesstrains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kunnari
- Galilaeus Oy, P.O. Box 113, 20781 Kaarina, Finland, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Fernández-Moreno MA, Carbó L, Cuesta T, Vallín C, Malpartida F. A silent ABC transporter isolated from Streptomyces rochei F20 induces multidrug resistance. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:4017-23. [PMID: 9696745 PMCID: PMC107393 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.16.4017-4023.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for heterologous activators for actinorhodin production in Streptomyces lividans, 3.4 kb of DNA from Streptomyces rochei F20 (a streptothricin producer) were characterized. Subcloning experiments showed that the minimal DNA fragment required for activation was 0.4 kb in size. The activation is mediated by increasing the levels of transcription of the actII-ORF4 gene. Sequencing of the minimal activating fragment did not reveal any clues about its mechanism; nevertheless, it was shown to overlap the 3' end of two convergent genes, one of whose translated products (ORF2) strongly resembles that of other genes belonging to the ABC transporter superfamily. Computer-assisted analysis of the 3.4-kb DNA sequence showed the 3' terminus of an open reading frame (ORF), i.e., ORFA, and three complete ORFs (ORF1, ORF2, and ORFB). Searches in the databases with their respective gene products revealed similarities for ORF1 and ORF2 with ATP-binding proteins and transmembrane proteins, respectively, which are found in members of the ABC transporter superfamily. No similarities for ORFA and ORFB were found in the databases. Insertional inactivation of ORF1 and ORF2, their transcription analysis, and their cloning in heterologous hosts suggested that these genes were not expressed under our experimental conditions; however, cloning of ORF1 and ORF2 together (but not separately) under the control of an expressing promoter induced resistance to several chemically different drugs: oleandomycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, doxorubicin, and tetracycline. Thus, this genetic system, named msr, is a new bacterial multidrug ABC transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fernández-Moreno
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Dickens M, Rajgarhia V, Woo A, Priestley N. Anthracyclines. DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 1997. [DOI: 10.1201/b14856-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Dickens ML, Priestley ND, Strohl WR. In vivo and in vitro bioconversion of epsilon-rhodomycinone glycoside to doxorubicin: functions of DauP, DauK, and DoxA. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:2641-50. [PMID: 9098063 PMCID: PMC179014 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.8.2641-2650.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently determined the function of the gene product of Streptomyces sp. strain C5 doxA, a cytochrome P-450-like protein, to be daunorubicin C-14 hydroxylase (M. L. Dickens and W. R. Strohl, J. Bacteriol. 178: 3389-3395, 1996). In the present study, we show that DoxA also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 13-deoxycarminomycin and 13-deoxydaunorubicin to 13-dihydrocarminomycin and 13-dihydrodaunorubicin, respectively, as well as oxidizing the 13-dihydro-anthracyclines to their respective 13-keto forms. The Streptomyces sp. strain C5 dauP gene product also was shown unequivocally to remove the carbomethoxy group of the epsilon-rhodomycinone-glycoside (rhodomycin D) to form 10-carboxy-13-deoxycarminomycin. Additionally, Streptomyces sp. strain C5 DauK was found to methylate the anthracyclines rhodomycin D, 10-carboxy-13-deoxycarminomycin, and 13-deoxy-carminomycin, at the 4-hydroxyl position, indicating a broader substrate specificity than was previously known. The products of Streptomyces sp. strain C5 doxA, dauK, and dauP were sufficient and necessary to confer on Streptomyces lividans TK24 the ability to convert rhodomycin D, the first glycoside in daunorubicin and doxorubicin biosynthesis, to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Dickens
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1292, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Kramer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, California 94305-5025, USA
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Tsoi CJ, Khosla C. Combinatorial biosynthesis of 'unnatural' natural products: the polyketide example. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 1995; 2:355-62. [PMID: 9383437 DOI: 10.1016/1074-5521(95)90214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multi-enzyme systems, such as those involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, typically catalyze several distinct reactions that are combined in different ways to generate diverse natural products. The variability available in such systems has not been fully harnessed from nature. It may therefore be possible to create 'unnatural' natural products, which may be as structurally diverse and medicinally valuable as existing natural products, using combinatorial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Tsoi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305-5025, USA
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Yoshimoto A, Nakamura T, Kubo K, Johdo O, Tone H. Daunomycin biosynthesis by microbial conversion of precursor metabolites using biosynthetically blocked mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(95)90608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Hutchinson
- Dept of Medicinal Chemistry & Bacteriology, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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DNA sequence and functions of the actVI region of the actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Shen B, Hutchinson CR. Enzymatic synthesis of a bacterial polyketide from acetyl and malonyl coenzyme A. Science 1993; 262:1535-40. [PMID: 8248801 DOI: 10.1126/science.8248801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms and plants manufacture a large collection of medically and commercially useful natural products called polyketides by a process that resembles fatty acid biosynthesis. Genetically engineered microorganisms with modified polyketide synthase (PKS) genes can produce new metabolites that may have new or improved pharmacological activity. A potentially general method to prepare cell-free systems for studying bacterial type II PKS enzymes has been developed that facilitates the purification and reconstitution of their constituent proteins. Selective expression of different combinations of the Streptomyces glaucescens tetracenomycin (Tcm) tcmJKLMN genes in a tcmGHIJKLMNO null background has been used to show that the Tcm PKS consists of at least the TcmKLMN proteins. Addition of the TcmJ protein to the latter four enzymes resulted in a greater than fourfold increase of overall activity and thus represents the optimal Tcm PKS. Polyclonal antibodies raised against each of the TcmKLMN proteins strongly inhibit the Tcm PKS, as do known inhibitors targeted to the active site Cys and Ser residues of a fatty acid synthase. This system exhibits a strict starter unit specificity because neither propionyl, butyryl, or isobutyryl coenzyme A substitute for acetyl coenzyme A in assembly of the Tcm decaketide. Because the Tcm PKS activity is significantly diminished by removal of the TcmM acyl carrier protein and can be restored by addition of separately purified TcmM to two different types of TcmM-deficient PKS, it should be possible to use such preparations to assay for each of the constituents of the Tcm PKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Fernández-Moreno MA, Martín-Triana AJ, Martínez E, Niemi J, Kieser HM, Hopwood DA, Malpartida F. abaA, a new pleiotropic regulatory locus for antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:2958-67. [PMID: 1569025 PMCID: PMC205950 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.9.2958-2967.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of the blue-pigmented antibiotic actinorhodin is greatly enhanced in Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor by transformation with a 2.7-kb DNA fragment from the S. coelicolor chromosome cloned on a multicopy plasmid. Southern analysis, restriction map comparisons, and map locations of the cloned genes revealed that these genes were different from other known S. coelicolor genes concerned with actinorhodin biosynthesis or its pleiotropic regulation. Computer analysis of the DNA sequence showed five putative open reading frames (ORFs), which were named ORFA, ORFB, and ORFC (transcribed in one direction) and ORFD and ORFE (transcribed in the opposite direction). Subcloning experiments revealed that ORFB together with 137 bp downstream of it is responsible for antibiotic overproduction in S. lividans. Insertion of a phi C31 prophage into ORFB by homologous recombination gave rise to a mutant phenotype in which the production of actinorhodin, undecylprodigiosin, and the calcium-dependent antibiotic (but not methylenomycin) was reduced or abolished. The nonproducing mutants were not affected in the timing or vigor or sporulation. A possible involvement of ORFA in antibiotic production in S. coelicolor is not excluded. abaA constitutes a new locus which, like the afs and abs genes previously described, pleiotropically regulates antibiotic production. DNA sequences that hybridize with the cloned DNA are present in several different Streptomyces species.
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Fernández-Moreno MA, Caballero JL, Hopwood DA, Malpartida F. The act cluster contains regulatory and antibiotic export genes, direct targets for translational control by the bldA tRNA gene of Streptomyces. Cell 1991; 66:769-80. [PMID: 1878971 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90120-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The actII region, flanked by biosynthetic genes in the 25 kb act cluster of S. coelicolor, consists of four open reading frames, including a transcriptional activator for the biosynthetic genes, and genes controlling antibiotic export. A TTA codon (extremely rare in Streptomyces) is present both in actII-ORF2 (encoding a putative transmembrane export protein) and actII-ORF4 (the transcriptional activator gene). Change of the TTA in ORF4 to TTG reverses the normal interruption of actinorhodin synthesis caused by mutation in the pleiotropic regulatory gene bldA (which encodes the cell's tRNA(Leu)(UUA)). We conclude that initiation of actinorhodin synthesis via the actII-ORF4 product, and the final step in production, antibiotic export, are twin targets via which bldA exerts developmental control of actinorhodin production.
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Wagner C, Eckardt K, Ihn W, Schumann G, Stengel C, Fleck WF, Tresselt D. [Biosynthesis of anthracycline: a new interpretation of the results for daunomycin biosynthesis]. J Basic Microbiol 1991; 31:223-40. [PMID: 1920084 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620310311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of literature data and our own experiments the "late" biosynthetic pathway to daunomycin has been interpreted from a new point of view considering both the in vivo biosynthesis and formation of shunt products. In contrast to existing hypotheses proposed by other authors we discuss a modified sequence leading to C-11 oxidation and, as a consequence, understand epsilon-rhodomycinone as a shunt product instead of a biosynthetic intermediate. In addition, a new hypothesis about the "early" steps of the ring formation from polyketides by a sequence of enzyme reactions has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wagner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, Germany
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Guthrie EP, Chater KF. The level of a transcript required for production of a Streptomyces coelicolor antibiotic is conditionally dependent on a tRNA gene. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:6189-93. [PMID: 2228956 PMCID: PMC526799 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.11.6189-6193.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), bldA mutants are conditionally defective in aerial mycelium formation and fail to synthesize all four antibiotics produced by bldA+ strains. Previous studies showed that bldA specifies the tRNA for the rarely used leucine codon UUA. Here we describe experiments examining the abundance in a bldA mutant of a transcript involved in antibiotic production. With use of a bacteriophage-based integrative vector, a promotorless xylE reporter gene was inserted into a previously undescribed gene for an early step in biosynthesis of the red antibiotic undecylprodigiosin, located in the red gene cluster. With this transcriptional fusion present at unit copy number in the chromosome, xylE expression in a bldA+ strain was maximal late in growth in a liquid production medium and was virtually absent in a bldA mutant. On plates of a different medium, the bldA mutant was able to produce undecylprodigiosin and to express the red::xylE fusion, but both abilities were repressed by increasing the concentration of phosphate in the medium. These experiments showed that the undecylprodigiosin deficiency of bldA mutants cannot be accounted for by the presence of TTA codons in the red structural genes, but rather that bldA influences red gene mRNA abundance. In low-phosphate conditions, an alternative regulatory pathway can lead to red gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Guthrie
- John Innes Institute, John Innes Centre for Plant Science Research, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Huk J, Blumauerova M. Streptomycetes producing daunomycin and related compounds: do we know enough about them after 25 years? Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1989; 34:324-49. [PMID: 2691361 DOI: 10.1007/bf02814475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing need of highly potent anticancer agents has stimulated the investigation of streptomycetes producing daunomycin-type anthracyclines. This review compares the features of production strains and their mutants and emphasizes the necessity of application of biochemical and biophysical analytical methods for better understanding these microorganisms and, above all, their further improving and practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huk
- Research Institute of Antibiotics and Biotransformation, Prague, Czechoslovakia
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Hallam SE, Malpartida F, Hopwood DA. Nucleotide sequence, transcription and deduced function of a gene involved in polyketide antibiotic synthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor. Gene X 1988; 74:305-20. [PMID: 2469622 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The BamHI fragment containing the actIII gene, from the actinorhodin (Act) biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), was sequenced. The derived amino acid sequence for the actIII gene shows homology to known oxidoreductases and the actIII product is believed to be responsible for catalysing a beta-keto reductive step during assembly of the Act polyketide chain. High resolution transcript mapping identified the transcription start point at 33 nucleotides upstream of the putative translation start codon. The transcript ends in a large invertedly repeated sequence. In vivo promoter-probe studies suggest that efficient transcription of the actIII gene requires the product of the actII gene.
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Hiyama T, Sawahara M, Kusano Y. MANGANESE-MEDIATED ALLYL ADDITION TO ENOLIZABLE ALDEHYDE AND KETONES. AN APPROACH FOR INTRODUCTION OF ACETONYL SIDE CHAIN AT C(9) OF ANTHRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS. CHEM LETT 1985. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1985.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Brown JR, Imam SH. Recent studies on doxorubicin and its analogues. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1985; 21:169-236. [PMID: 6400135 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ihn W, Wagner C, Fleck WF, Tresselt D, Eritt I, Sedmera P. [Leukemomycin-blocked mutants of Streptomyces griseus and their pigments. II. New 7-hydroxy-bisnahydro-rhodomycinones from the mutant ZIMET 41707/1P]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1984; 24:525-32. [PMID: 6438926 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Various blocked mutants were isolated from three leukaemomycin-(daunomycin-)producing strains IMET JA 3933, IMET JA 5142 and IMET JA 5570 of Streptomyces griseus by NTG and UV treatments. Among them, one class of four mutants ZIMET 43707/1P, IMET JA 5570/3P, IMET JA 5570/10P and IMET JA 5142/01P1 produced new blue and red pigments. Two red compounds designated 1PI and 1PII are the main components of the pigment complex produced by culture of the blocked mutant ZIMET 43707/1P. This paper describes the isolation of 1PI and IPII; furthermore, the spectral and physicochemical properties of these anthracyclinones and the elucidation of their structures are reported.
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