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Arisawa A, Watanabe A. Pursuing the unlimited potential of microorganisms—progress and prospect of a fermentation company†. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:43-47. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1248370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Production of pharmaceuticals and chemicals using microbial functions has bestowed numerous benefits onto society. The Nobel Prize awarded to Professor Ōmura, Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Kitasato University, showed the world the importance of the discovery and practical application of microorganisms. Now, increasing attention is turned toward the future path of this field. As people involved in the microorganism industry, we will review the industrial activities thus far and consider the possible future developments in this field and its potential contribution to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Arisawa
- Sales and Business Development Division, MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Extensive intracellular accumulation of ID-6105, a novel anthracycline, in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:1355-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-2117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 04/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yoo BI, Ahan KB, Kang MH, Kwon OS, Hong YS, Lee JJ, Lee HS, Ryu JS, Kim TY, Moon DC, Song S, Chung YB. Pharmacokinetics of 11-hydroxyaclacinomycin X (ID-6105), a novel anthracycline, after i.v. bolus multiple administration in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:476-82. [PMID: 15918523 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of 11-hydroxyaclacinomycin X (ID-6105), a novel anthracycline, after intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration at a multiple dose every 24 h for 5 days in rats. To analyze ID-6105 levels in biological samples, we used an HPLC-based method which was validated in a pharmacokinetic study by suitable criteria. The concentrations of ID-6105 after the multiple administration for 5 days were not significantly different from the results after the single administration. The t1/2alpha, t1/2beta, Vdss, and CLt after the multiple administration were not significantly different from the values after the single administration. Moreover, the concentrations of ID-6105 1 min at day 1-5 after i.v. bolus multiple administration did not show the significant difference. Of the various tissues, ID-6105 mainly distributed to the kidney, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, and liver after i.v. bolus multiple administration. ID-6105 concentrations in the kidney or lung 2 h after i.v. bolus administration were comparable to the plasma concentration shortly after i.v. bolus administration. However, the ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues 48 h after i.v. bolus administration decreased to low levels. ID-6105 was excreted largely in the bile after i.v. bolus multiple administration at the dose of 3 mg/kg. The amounts of ID-6105 found in the bile by 12 h or in the urine by 48 h after the administration were calculated to be 14.1% or 4.55% of the initial dose, respectively, indicating that ID-6105 is mostly excreted in the bile. In conclusion, ID-6105 was rapidly cleared from the blood and transferred to tissues, suggesting that ID-6105 might not be accumulated in the blood following i.v. bolus multiple dosages of 3 mg/kg every 24 h for 5 days. By 48 h after i.v. bolus administration, ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues had decreased to very low levels. The majority of ID-6105 appears to be excreted in the bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Im Yoo
- National Research Laboratory (NRL) of PK/PD, Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
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Yoo BI, Ahan KB, Kang MH, Moon DC, Kwon OS, Lee HS, Ryu JS, Kim TY, Song S, Chung YB. HPLC Analysis and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of 11-Hydroxyaclacinomycin X (ID-6105), a Novel Anthracycline, in Rats and Beagle Dogs. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:688-93. [PMID: 15802811 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 11-hydroxyaclacinomycin X (ID-6105), a novel anthracycline, after intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration in rats and beagle dogs. We developed an HPLC-based method to analyze ID-6105 levels in plasma, bile, urine, feces, and tissue homogenates and validated the method in a pharmacokinetic study. The plasma concentration of ID-6105 decreased to below the quantifiable limit (0.02 microg/ml) at 4 and 8 h after i.v. administration in rats at doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg, respectively (t(1/2,alpha) and t(1/2,beta) of 0.78 and 17.8 min at a dose of 2 mg/kg, 0.91 and 176 min at a dose of 10 mg/kg, respectively). The AUC increased with nonlinear pharmacokinetics following the dosage increase from 2 to 10 mg/kg in rats, while the pharmacokinetics were not significantly altered in beagle dogs following a dosage increase from 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg. Of the various tissues tested, ID-6105 was mainly distributed in the lung, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, and liver after i.v. bolus administration. ID-6105 levels in the lung or kidney 2 h after i.v. bolus administration were comparable to the initial plasma concentration. However, the ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues 48 h after i.v. bolus administration became too small to measure. The cumulative amounts of ID-6105 found in the bile 48 h after the administration of 2 and 10 mg/kg were calculated to be 26.7 and 18.5% of the initial dose, respectively. The corresponding values in the urine 72 h after i.v. administration were 4.33 and 3.07% of the initial dose, suggesting that ID-6105 is mostly excreted in the bile. In conclusion, our observations indicate that ID-6105 was rapidly cleared from the blood and transferred to tissues such as the lung, spleen, kidney, and liver 2 h after i.v. bolus administration. Moreover, the majority of ID-6105 appears to be excreted in the bile by 24 h after i.v. bolus administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Im Yoo
- National Research Laboratory (NRL) of PK/PD, Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Korea
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Dickens M, Rajgarhia V, Woo A, Priestley N. Anthracyclines. DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 1997. [DOI: 10.1201/b14856-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yoshimoto A, Nakamura T, Kubo K, Johdo O, Tone H. Daunomycin biosynthesis by microbial conversion of precursor metabolites using biosynthetically blocked mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(95)90608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lown JW. Anthracycline and anthraquinone anticancer agents: current status and recent developments. Pharmacol Ther 1993; 60:185-214. [PMID: 8022857 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(93)90006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The clinical treatment of neoplastic diseases relies on the complementary procedures of surgery, radiation treatment, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. The latter technique has matured from its earliest applications of mustard alkylating agents in the 1940s to an increasingly rationally based discipline, which is contributing significantly to the management of human malignancies. As the field of chemotherapy matured, several promising natural anticancer agents were identified. However, a more urgent need soon arose from the common experience of clinically limiting toxicities of most anticancer drugs, i.e. the necessity to develop less toxic clinical drug candidates. Thus, the medicinal chemist turned towards analog development involving certain anthraquinones. Hand-in-hand with this considerable synthetic effort, which uncovered several promising clinical leads, biochemical pharmacology, or study of the mechanisms of action of clinical anticancer agents, afforded deeper insight into drug metabolism and mode of action. More recently, therefore, the field of synthetic organic chemistry, which has been complemented by the methods of microbial chemistry, has been faced with new synthetic challenges, occasioned by the identification of hitherto unrecognized cellular targets for anticancer drugs, such as topoisomerases and helicases. The armementarium of the oncologist currently includes about 40-50 clinically useful chemical agents. The paradigm of cytotoxic anticancer agents is doxorubicin, an anthracycline, which is still amongst the most widely prescribed and effective of anticancer agents. The review attempts to summarize the discovery of anthracyclines and the elucidation of their several mechanisms of action and efforts towards improvement of their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Jensen PB, Sørensen BS, Sehested M, Demant EJ, Kjeldsen E, Friche E, Hansen HH. Different modes of anthracycline interaction with topoisomerase II. Separate structures critical for DNA-cleavage, and for overcoming topoisomerase II-related drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 45:2025-35. [PMID: 8390259 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90013-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the classic anthracyclines (doxorubicin and daunorubicin), aclarubicin (ACLA) does not stimulate topoisomerase II (topo II) mediated DNA-cleavage. This distinction may be important with respect to topo II-related drug resistance, and the aim of this study was to clarify drug-structures responsible for this difference. Various ACLA analogs were tested for: (a) interaction with purified topo II, (b) induction of DNA cleavage in cells, (c) cellular uptake and (d) cytotoxicity. A remarkable distinction was seen between analogs containing the chromophore aklavinone (AKV) (e.g. ACLA) which have a carboxymethyl group (COOCH3) at C-10 and drugs with a beta-rhodomycinone (RMN) chromophore with hydroxyl groups at C-10 and at C-11. Thus, RMN-containing analogs, including the aglycone RMN itself, effectively stimulated topo II-mediated DNA cleavage. In contrast, AKV-containing drugs inhibited DNA cleavage and antagonized cytotoxicity mediated by RMN-containing drugs. In OC-NYH/VM cells, exhibiting multidrug resistance due to an altered topo II phenotype (at-MDR), cross-resistance was only seen to the RMN-containing drugs whereas no cross-resistance was seen to the non-DNA cleaving AKV-containing compounds. Thus, our data show that one domain in the anthracycline is of particular importance for the interaction with topo II, namely the positions C-10 and C-11 in the chromophore, and further that at-MDR was circumvented by a COOCH3 substitution at position C-10. These findings may provide guidance for the synthesis and development of new analogs with activity in at-MDR cells.
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MESH Headings
- Aclarubicin/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anthracyclines
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- DNA Damage/physiology
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/drug effects
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Drug Interactions
- Drug Resistance
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Leukemia L1210/drug therapy
- Leukemia L1210/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mice
- Naphthacenes/pharmacology
- Stimulation, Chemical
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Jensen
- Department of Oncology, Finsen Institute, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej, Denmark
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Kita Y, Maeda H, Omori K, Okuno T, Tamura Y. Novel efficient synthesis of 1-ethoxyvinyl esters using ruthenium catalysts and their use in acylation of amines and alcohols: synthesis of hydrophilic 3′-N-acylated oxaunomycin derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/p19930002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shinkai H, Takahashi H, Kikuchi K, Kawai H, Otake N. Determination of the new morpholino anthracycline MX2.HCl and its metabolites in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 570:203-8. [PMID: 1797829 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Methods for determining concentrations of a new morpholino anthracycline MX2.HCl and its metabolites in biological samples using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection are described. The limits of detection were less than 1 ng/ml for all compounds after extraction from 0.5 ml of plasma using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges and consecutive solvent extraction. The recoveries from rat plasma ranged from 72.0 to 89.3%. The peak-height ratio of the fluorescence intensities of these compounds versus internal standard showed a linear correlation for concentrations up to at least 500 ng/ml in the plasma (correlation coefficient r greater than 0.999). The within-day and between-day precisions of this assay were in the range 0.8-8.7% (n = 5) and 2.0-3.5% (n = 5), respectively. The concentrations of these compounds in the blood and urine can be also determined by a slight modification of the extraction procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinkai
- Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan
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Wagner C, Eckardt K, Ihn W, Schumann G, Stengel C, Fleck WF, Tresselt D. [Biosynthesis of anthracycline: a new interpretation of the results for daunomycin biosynthesis]. J Basic Microbiol 1991; 31:223-40. [PMID: 1920084 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620310311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of literature data and our own experiments the "late" biosynthetic pathway to daunomycin has been interpreted from a new point of view considering both the in vivo biosynthesis and formation of shunt products. In contrast to existing hypotheses proposed by other authors we discuss a modified sequence leading to C-11 oxidation and, as a consequence, understand epsilon-rhodomycinone as a shunt product instead of a biosynthetic intermediate. In addition, a new hypothesis about the "early" steps of the ring formation from polyketides by a sequence of enzyme reactions has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wagner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, Germany
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Synthesis of 4-O-methyl-β-rhodomycins using derivatives of 4-amino-4-deoxy- and 3,4-diamino-3,4-dideoxy sugars. Carbohydr Res 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80086-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hermentin P, Raab E, Paal M, Gerken M, Kolar C, Boettger D, Berscheid HG. Photolytic N-Mono-Demethylation of Rhodosaminylanthracyclinone Type Anthracyclines1. J Carbohydr Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309008543830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kita Y, Maeda H, Kirihara M, Fujii Y, Nakajima T, Yamamoto H, Fujioka H. The first total synthesis of a potent β-rhodonycin, oxaunonycin: regioselectiveglycosidation of the c-7 hydroxyl c-7 group of β-rhodomycinone. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kolar C, Gerken M, Kraemer HP, Krohn K, Linoh H. Semisynthetic 4-O-Methyl-ß-Rhodomycins: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships. J Carbohydr Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309008543829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Huk J, Blumauerova M. Streptomycetes producing daunomycin and related compounds: do we know enough about them after 25 years? Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1989; 34:324-49. [PMID: 2691361 DOI: 10.1007/bf02814475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing need of highly potent anticancer agents has stimulated the investigation of streptomycetes producing daunomycin-type anthracyclines. This review compares the features of production strains and their mutants and emphasizes the necessity of application of biochemical and biophysical analytical methods for better understanding these microorganisms and, above all, their further improving and practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huk
- Research Institute of Antibiotics and Biotransformation, Prague, Czechoslovakia
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Gräfe U, Dornberger K, Wagner C, Eckardt K. Advances in bioconversion of anthracycline antibiotics. Biotechnol Adv 1989; 7:215-39. [PMID: 14545932 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(89)90359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade new anthracycline-type structures with potential usefulness in cancer treatment have been supplied both by new microbial strains and by bioconversions of precursor molecules employing cells or enzymes. We highlight recent advances in bioconversion of anthracycline structures with the main focus on late transformations such as are carried out by oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gräfe
- Central Institute of Microbiology and Experimental Therapy, GDR Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 73, Jena 6900, G.D.R
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