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Zhu X, Siitonen V, Melançon III CE, Metsä-Ketelä M. Biosynthesis of Diverse Type II Polyketide Core Structures in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:243-251. [PMID: 33471506 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology-based approaches have been employed to generate advanced natural product (NP) pathway intermediates to overcome obstacles in NP drug discovery and production. Type II polyketides (PK-IIs) comprise a major subclass of NPs that provide attractive structures for antimicrobial and anticancer drug development. Herein, we have assembled five biosynthetic pathways using a generalized operon design strategy in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152 to allow comparative analysis of metabolite production in an improved heterologous host. The work resulted in production of four distinct PK-II core structures, namely benzoisochromanequinone, angucycline, tetracenomycin, and pentangular compounds, which serve as precursors to diverse pharmaceutically important NPs. Our bottom-up design strategy provided evidence that the biosynthetic pathway of BE-7585A proceeds via an angucycline core structure, instead of rearrangement of an anthracycline aglycone, and led to the discovery of a novel 26-carbon pentangular polyketide. The synthetic biology platform presented here provides an opportunity for further controlled production of diverse PK-IIs in a heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FIN-20014, Finland
| | - Charles E. Melançon III
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FIN-20014, Finland
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Matroodi S, Siitonen V, Baral B, Yamada K, Akhgari A, Metsä-Ketelä M. Genotyping-Guided Discovery of Persiamycin A From Sponge-Associated Halophilic Streptomonospora sp. PA3. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1237. [PMID: 32582127 PMCID: PMC7296137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial natural products have been a cornerstone of the pharmaceutical industry, but the supply of novel bioactive secondary metabolites has diminished due to extensive exploration of the most easily accessible sources, namely terrestrial Streptomyces species. The Persian Gulf is a unique habitat for marine sponges, which contain diverse communities of microorganisms including marine Actinobacteria. These exotic ecosystems may cradle rare actinomycetes with high potential to produce novel secondary metabolites. In this study, we harvested 12 different species of sponges from two locations in the Persian Gulf and isolated 45 symbiotic actinomycetes to assess their biodiversity and sponge-microbe relationships. The isolates were classified into Nocardiopsis (24 isolates), Streptomyces (17 isolates) and rare genera (4 isolates) by 16S rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic activity tests revealed that culture extracts from half of the isolates displayed growth inhibitory effects against seven pathogenic bacteria. Next, we identified five strains with the genetic potential to produce aromatic polyketides by genotyping ketosynthase genes responsible for synthesis of carbon scaffolds. The combined data led us to focus on Streptomonospora sp. PA3, since the genus has rarely been examined for its capacity to produce secondary metabolites. Analysis of culture extracts led to the discovery of a new bioactive aromatic polyketide denoted persiamycin A and 1-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid. The genome harbored seven gene clusters involved in secondary metabolism, including a tetracenomycin-type polyketide synthase pathway likely involved in persiamycin formation. The work demonstrates the use of multivariate data and underexplored ecological niches to guide the drug discovery process for antibiotics and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Matroodi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
- Laboratory of Antibiotic Biosynthesis Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Laboratory of Antibiotic Biosynthesis Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bikash Baral
- Laboratory of Antibiotic Biosynthesis Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Keith Yamada
- Laboratory of Antibiotic Biosynthesis Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Amir Akhgari
- Laboratory of Antibiotic Biosynthesis Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Laboratory of Antibiotic Biosynthesis Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Saito S, Kato W, Ikeda H, Katsuyama Y, Ohnishi Y, Imoto M. Discovery of "heat shock metabolites" produced by thermotolerant actinomycetes in high-temperature culture. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:203-210. [PMID: 32015464 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In actinomycetes, many secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes are not expressed under typical laboratory culture conditions and various efforts have been made to activate these dormant genes. In this study, we focused on high-temperature culture. First, we examined the thermotolerance of 3160 actinomycete strains from our laboratory culture collection and selected 57 thermotolerant actinomycetes that grew well at 45 °C. These 57 thermotolerant actinomycetes were cultured for 5 days in liquid medium at both 30 °C and 45 °C. Culture broths were extracted with 1-butanol, and each extract was subjected to LC/MS analysis. The metabolic profiles of each strain were compared between the 30 °C and 45 °C cultures. We found that almost half of these thermotolerant actinomycetes produced secondary metabolites that were detected only in the 45 °C culture. This result suggests that high-temperature culture induces the production of dormant secondary metabolites. These compounds were named "heat shock metabolites (HSMs)." To examine HSM production in more detail, 18 strains were selected at random from the initial 57 strains and cultivated in six different media at 30 °C and 45 °C; as before, metabolic profiles of each strain in each medium were compared between the 30 °C and 45 °C cultures. From this analysis, we found a total of 131 HSMs. We identified several angucycline-related compounds as HSMs from two thermotolerant Streptomyces species. Furthermore, we discovered a new compound, murecholamide, as an HSM from thermotolerant Streptomyces sp. AY2. We propose that high-temperature culture of actinomycetes is a convenient method for activating dormant secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Saito
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wataru Kato
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yohei Katsuyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. .,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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Gurusinghe S, Brooks TL, Barrow RA, Zhu X, Thotagamuwa A, Dennis PG, Gupta VVSR, Vanniasinkam T, Weston LA. Technologies for the Selection, Culture and Metabolic Profiling of Unique Rhizosphere Microorganisms for Natural Product Discovery. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101955. [PMID: 31117282 PMCID: PMC6571749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule discovery has benefitted from the development of technologies that have aided in the culture and identification of soil microorganisms and the subsequent analysis of their respective metabolomes. We report herein on the use of both culture dependent and independent approaches for evaluation of soil microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of canola, a crop known to support a diverse microbiome, including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Initial screening of rhizosphere soils showed that microbial diversity, particularly bacterial, was greatest at crop maturity; therefore organismal recovery was attempted with soil collected at canola harvest. Two standard media (Mueller Hinton and gellan gum) were evaluated following inoculation with soil aqueous suspensions and compared with a novel “rhizochip” prototype buried in a living canola crop rhizosphere for microbial culture in situ. Following successful recovery and identification of 375 rhizosphere microbiota of interest from all culture methods, isolates were identified by Sanger sequencing and/or characterization using morphological and biochemical traits. Three bacterial isolates of interest were randomly selected as case studies for intensive metabolic profiling. After successful culture in liquid media and solvent extraction, individual extracts were subjected to evaluation by UHPLC-DAD-QToF-MS, resulting in the rapid characterization of metabolites of interest from cultures of two isolates. After evaluation of key molecular features, unique or unusual bacterial metabolites were annotated and are reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliya Gurusinghe
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Tabin L Brooks
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Russell A Barrow
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
- Plus 3 Australia Pty Ltd, P.O. Box 4345, Hawker, ACT 2614, Australia.
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Agasthya Thotagamuwa
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Paul G Dennis
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | | | - Thiru Vanniasinkam
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Leslie A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
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Abdelfattah MS, Elmallah MIY, Faraag AHI, Hebishy AMS, Ali NH. Heliomycin and tetracinomycin D: anthraquinone derivatives with histone deacetylase inhibitory activity from marine sponge-associated Streptomyces sp. SP9. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:282. [PMID: 29881660 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several actinomycetes strains were isolated from different marine sponges collected from the Red Sea shore in Egypt. The efficiency of their crude extracts to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme was investigated in the nuclear extract of Hela cell line. The crude extract corresponding to Streptomyces sp. SP9 isolated from the marine sponge Pseudoceratina arabica showed a promising HDAC inhibitory activity with 64 and 81% at 50 and 100 µg/ml, respectively. The strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. by phylogenetic analyses based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The major compounds of Streptomyces sp. SP9 were isolated and purified by different chromatographic methods. The chemical structure of the isolated compounds was identified on the basis of their spectroscopic data including mass, 1H and 13C NMR, and by comparison with those of authenticated samples. Structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established as heliomycin and tetracenomycin D, respectively. These compounds exhibited HDAC inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 29.8 ± 0.04 µg/ml for heliomycin (1) and 10.9 ± 0.02 µg/ml for tetracenomycin D (2). A computational docking study for compounds 1 and 2 against HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 was performed to formulate a hypothetical mechanism by which the tested compounds inhibit HDAC. Tetracenomycin D (2) showed a good binding interactions with HDAC2 (- 5.230 kcal/mol) and HDAC3 (- 6.361 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saleh Abdelfattah
- 1Marine Natural Products Unit (MNPRU), Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ismail Youssef Elmallah
- 1Marine Natural Products Unit (MNPRU), Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassan Ibrahim Faraag
- 3Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
- 4Faculty of Science, Bioinformatics Center, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Mohamed Salah Hebishy
- 1Marine Natural Products Unit (MNPRU), Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neama Hassan Ali
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
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Sato S, Sakata K, Hashimoto Y, Takikawa H, Suzuki K. First Total Syntheses of Tetracenomycins C and X. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12608-12613. [PMID: 28762249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keiichiro Sakata
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Showa Pharmaceutical University 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takikawa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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Sato S, Sakata K, Hashimoto Y, Takikawa H, Suzuki K. First Total Syntheses of Tetracenomycins C and X. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keiichiro Sakata
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Showa Pharmaceutical University 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takikawa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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Kim MC, Hwang E, Kim T, Ham J, Kim SY, Kwon HC. Nocatriones A and B, photoprotective tetracenediones from a marine-derived Nocardiopsis sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2326-2330. [PMID: 25317775 DOI: 10.1021/np5006086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new tetracenedione derivatives, nocatriones A (1) and B (2), were discovered from the culture broth of a marine actinomycete, Nocardiopsis sp. KMF-002, which was isolated from the tissue of an unidentified dark purple marine sponge. The structures of 1 and 2, which are tetracenediones containing α-pyrone substituents, were determined to be 3,8,10,11-tetrahydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-pyran-6-yl)-1-methyltetracene-5,12-dione (1) and 3,8,10,12-tetrahydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-pyran-6-yl)-1-methyltetracene-6,11-dione (2). Ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated cells treated with 10 μM nocatrione A (1) significantly decreased the level of MMP-1, a protein that degrades collagen and other extracelluar matrix components that comprise dermal tissue, when compared to untreated cells. These results support that nocatriones A (1) and B (2) may show antiphotoaging activity in UVB-irradiated models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-340, Republic of Korea
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Suzuki T, Hamura T, Suzuki K. Ring Selectivity: Successive Ring Expansion of Two Benzocyclobutenes for Divergent Access to Angular and Linear Benzanthraquinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Suzuki T, Hamura T, Suzuki K. Ring Selectivity: Successive Ring Expansion of Two Benzocyclobutenes for Divergent Access to Angular and Linear Benzanthraquinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2248-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Adinarayana G, Venkateshan MR, Bapiraju VVSNK, Sujatha P, Premkumar J, Ellaiah P, Zeeck A. Cytotoxic compounds from the marine actinobacterium Streptomyces corchorusii AUBN1/71. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006; 32:328-34. [PMID: 16808176 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162006030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a bioactive streptomycete from marine sediment samples collected at Bay of Bengal, India, during our systematic study of marine actinobacteria. The taxonomic studies indicated that the isolate is related to Strepomyces corchorusii. However, it differed in certain aspects, and, hence, was designated as S. corchorusii AUBN(1)/7. A solvent extraction followed by a chromatographic purification helped obtain from the isolate two cytotoxic compounds, which were identified as resistomycin, a quinone-related antibiotic, and tetracenomycin D, an anthraquinone antibiotic, on the basis of spectral data of pure compounds. They demonstrated in vitro a potent cytotoxic activity against cell lines HMO2 (gastric adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatic carcinoma) and also exhibited weak antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2006, vol. 32, no. 3; see also http://www.maik.ru.
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Kock I, Maskey RP, Biabani MAF, Helmke E, Laatsch H. 1-Hydroxy-1-norresistomycin and Resistoflavin Methyl Ether: New Antibiotics from Marine-derived Streptomycetes†, ††. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:530-4. [PMID: 16266127 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation of the marine-derived streptomycete isolate B8005 delivered three known antibiotics, resistomycin (1), resistoflavin (3a) and tetracenomycin (4), and a further member of the rare resistomycin class, the weakly antibiotically active 1-hydroxy-1-norresistomycin (2). From a related marine strain B4842, 1 and resistoflavin methyl ether (3b) have been isolated. The formation of 2 is of interest from a biosynthetic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Kock
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Martin P, Rodier S, Mondon M, Renoux B, Pfeiffer B, Renard P, Pierré A, Gesson JP. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of tetracenomycin D and of saintopin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:253-60. [PMID: 11741773 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Regiospecific synthesis of title compounds is based either on cycloaddition of ketene acetals derived from Hagemann's ester or of homophthalic anhydrides. Thus, tetracenomycin D and 3,8-di-O-methyl saintopin have been prepared in few steps. New derivatives of 10-deoxysaintopin have been also obtained. Evaluation of their cytotoxicity against L1210 leukemia cells are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Martin
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Réactivité des Substances Naturelles, Université de Poitiers et CNRS, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
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14
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Künzel E, Wohlert SE, Beninga C, Haag S, Decker H, Hutchinson CR, Blanco G, Mendez C, Salas JA, Rohr J. Tetracenomycin M, a Novel Genetically Engineered Tetracenomycin Resulting from a Combination of Mithramycin and Tetracenomycin Biosynthetic Genes. Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970031017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Shen B, Hutchinson CR. Deciphering the mechanism for the assembly of aromatic polyketides by a bacterial polyketide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:6600-4. [PMID: 8692863 PMCID: PMC39071 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic polyketides are assembled by a type 11 (iterative) polyketide synthase (PKS) in bacteria. Understanding the enzymology of such enzymes should provide the information needed for the synthesis of novel polyketides through the genetic engineering of PKSs. Using a previously described cell-free system [B.S. & C.R.H. (1993) Science 262, 1535-1540], we studied a PKS enzyme whose substrate is not directly available and purified the TcmN polyketide cyclase from Streptomyces glaucescens. TcmN is a bifunctional protein that catalyzes the regiospecific cyclization of the Tcm PKS-bound linear decaketide to Tcm F2 and the 0-methylation of Tcm D3 to Tcm B3. In the absence of TcmN, the decaketide formed by the minimal PKS consisting of the TcmJKLM proteins undergoes spontaneous cyclization to form some Tcm F2 as well as SEK15 and many other aberrant shunt products. Addition of purified TcmN to a mixture of the other Tcm PKS components both restores and enhances Tcm F2 production. Interestingly, Tcm F2 but none of the aberrant products was bound tightly to the PKS. The results described support the notion that the polyketide cyclase, not the minimal PKS, dictates the regiospecificity for the cyclization of the linear polyketide intermediate. Furthermore, because the addition of TcmN to the TcmJKLM proteins results in a significant increase of the total yield of decaketide, interactions among the individual components of the Tcm PKS complex must give rise to the optimal PKS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shen
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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16
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Decker H, Haag S, Udvarnoki G, Rohr J. Novel Genetically Engineered Tetracenomycins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.199511071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Decker H, Haag S, Udvarnoki G, Rohr J. Neue, gentechnisch hergestellte Tetracenomycine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Udvarnoki G, Wagner C, Machinek R, Rohr J. Biosynthetische Herkunft der Sauerstoffatome von Tetracenomycin C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951070524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Hutchinson
- Dept of Medicinal Chemistry & Bacteriology, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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20
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Shen B, Hutchinson CR. Tetracenomycin F1 monooxygenase: oxidation of a naphthacenone to a naphthacenequinone in the biosynthesis of tetracenomycin C in Streptomyces glaucescens. Biochemistry 1993; 32:6656-63. [PMID: 8329392 DOI: 10.1021/bi00077a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tetracenomycin (Tcm) F1 monooxygenase, which catalyzes the oxidation of the naphthacenone Tcm F1 to the 5,12-naphthacenequinone Tcm D3 in the biosynthesis of the anthracycline antibiotic Tcm C in Streptomyces glaucescens, has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. Gel filtration chromatography yields a molecular weight of 37,500 whereas SDS-PAGE gives a single band with a molecular weight of 12,500, indicating that the Tcm F1 monooxygenase is a homotrimer in solution. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme establishes that it is encoded by the tcmH gene. The monooxygenase displays an optimal pH of 7.5 and has a Km of 7.47 +/- 0.67 microM and Vmax of 473 +/- 10 nmol.min-1.mg-1. Formally, the Tcm F1 monooxygenase can be classified as an internal monooxygenase that requires only O2 for the enzymatic oxidation. Yet, it apparently does not possess any of the prosthetic groups of known monooxygenases, such as flavin or heme groups, nor does it utilize metal ions. It is inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, and diethyl pyrocarbonate, suggesting that sulfhydryl groups and histidine residues are essential for the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Decker H, Motamedi H, Hutchinson CR. Nucleotide sequences and heterologous expression of tcmG and tcmP, biosynthetic genes for tetracenomycin C in Streptomyces glaucescens. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:3876-86. [PMID: 8509339 PMCID: PMC204804 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.12.3876-3886.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the tcmIII, tcmIc, and tcmVII region of the tetracenomycin (TCM) C gene cluster of Streptomyces glaucescens ETH 22794 (GLA.0) revealed the presence of two genes, tcmP and tcmG. The deduced product of tcmG resembles flavoprotein hydroxylases found in several other bacteria, whereas the predicted amino acid sequence of tcmP is not significantly similar to those of any known proteins in the available data bases. Southern blot hybridization revealed an approximately 180-bp deletion in a tcmIII (tcmG) mutant and a 1,800-bp insertion in a tcmVII (tcmP) mutant. Heterologous expression of tcmG and tcmP in Streptomyces lividans and tcmP in Escherichia coli established that tcmP encodes an O-methyltransferase, catalyzing the methylation of the C-9 carboxy group of TCM E to yield TCM A2, and that tcmG is responsible for the hydroxylation of TCM A2 at positions C-4, C-4a, and C-12a to give TCM C. These are the final two steps of TCM C biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Decker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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