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New Synthetic Nitro-Pyrrolomycins as Promising Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060292. [PMID: 32486200 PMCID: PMC7345095 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolomycins (PMs) are polyhalogenated antibiotics known as powerful biologically active compounds, yet featuring high cytotoxicity. The present study reports the antibacterial and antitumoral properties of new chemically synthesized PMs, where the three positions of the pyrrolic nucleus were replaced by nitro groups, aiming to reduce their cytotoxicity while maintaining or even enhancing the biological activity. Indeed, the presence of the nitro substituent in diverse positions of the pyrrole determined an improvement of the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Gram-positive (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus) or -negative (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) pathogen strains as compared to the natural PM-C. Moreover, some new nitro-PMs were as active as or more than PM-C in inhibiting the proliferation of colon (HCT116) and breast (MCF 7) cancer cell lines and were less toxic towards normal epithelial (hTERT RPE-1) cells. Altogether, our findings contribute to increase the knowledge of the mode of action of these promising molecules and provide a basis for their rationale chemical or biological manipulation.
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Trujillo SA, Peña-Solórzano D, Bejarano OR, Ochoa-Puentes C. Tin(ii) chloride dihydrate/choline chloride deep eutectic solvent: redox properties in the fast synthesis of N-arylacetamides and indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2-a]quinoxalines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40552-40561. [PMID: 35520840 PMCID: PMC9057578 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution a physicochemical, IR and Raman characterization for the tin(ii) chloride dihydrate/choline chloride eutectic mixture is reported. The redox properties of this solvent were also studied by cyclic voltammetry finding that it can be successfully used as an electrochemical solvent for electrosynthesis and electroanalytical processes and does not require negative potentials as verified by the reduction of nitrobenzene. The potential use of this eutectic mixture as a redox solvent was further explored in obtaining aromatic amines and N-arylacetamides starting from a wide variety of nitroaromatic compounds. In addition, a fast synthetic strategy for the construction of a series of indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2-a]quinoxalines was developed by reacting 1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-indole(pyrrole) with aldehydes. This simple protocol offers a straightforward method for the construction of the target quinoxalines in short reaction times and high yields where the key step involves a tandem one-pot reductive cyclization-oxidation. Physicochemical and redox properties of SnCl2·2H2O/ChCl deep eutectic solvent were studied and applied in the synthesis of anilines, N-arylacetamides and indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2-a]quinoxalines starting from nitroaromatic compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alfonso Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia–Sede Bogotá
- Bogotá
- Colombia
| | - Diana Peña-Solórzano
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia–Sede Bogotá
- Bogotá
- Colombia
| | - Oscar Rodríguez Bejarano
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica y Termodinámica Computacional
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia–Sede Bogotá
- Bogotá
- Colombia
| | - Cristian Ochoa-Puentes
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia–Sede Bogotá
- Bogotá
- Colombia
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Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces vitaminophilus ATCC 31673, a Producer of Pyrrolomycin Antibiotics, Some of Which Contain a Nitro Group. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01582-15. [PMID: 26798098 PMCID: PMC4722265 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01582-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces vitaminophilus produces pyrrolomycins, which are halogenated polyketide antibiotics. Some of the pyrrolomycins contain a rare nitro group located on the pyrrole ring. The 6.5-Mbp genome encodes 5,941 predicted protein-coding sequences in 39 contigs with a 71.9% G+C content.
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Ding XB, Brimble MA, Furkert DP. Nitropyrrole natural products: isolation, biosynthesis and total synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5390-401. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A review of the isolation, biological activity, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of nitropyrrole-containing natural products reported to date, including the pyrrolomycins, heronapyrroles and nitropyrrolins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Ding
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
| | - Daniel P. Furkert
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
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Cascioferro S, Raimondi MV, Cusimano MG, Raffa D, Maggio B, Daidone G, Schillaci D. Pharmaceutical Potential of Synthetic and Natural Pyrrolomycins. Molecules 2015; 20:21658-71. [PMID: 26690095 PMCID: PMC6331927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is currently considered one of the most important global health problem. The continuous onset of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains limits the clinical efficacy of most of the marketed antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics. Pyrrolomycins are a class of biologically active compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiproliferative, insecticidal, and acaricidal activities. In this review we focus on the antibacterial activity and antibiofilm activity of pyrrolomycins against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Their efficacy, combined in some cases with a low toxicity, confers to these molecules a great potential for the development of new antimicrobial agents to face the antibiotic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
- IEMEST, Istituto Euromediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Via Emerico Amari, 123, Palermo 90139, Italy.
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Cusimano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Demetrio Raffa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Maggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Daidone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
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Ratnayake AS, Haltli B, Feng X, Bernan VS, Singh MP, He H, Carter GT. Investigating the biosynthetic origin of the nitro group in pyrrolomycins. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1923-1926. [PMID: 18986197 DOI: 10.1021/np800401h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Feasible modes of introducing the nitro group into pyrrolomycin antibiotics were investigated based on incorporation of (15)N-labeled arginine and proline into dioxapyrrolomycin, produced by the actinomycete culture LL-F42248. Biosynthesis of nitrated pyrrolomycins was unaffected by the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors. The culture was able to grow in nitrogen-free (minimal) media and produce nitrated secondary metabolites. These results indicate that LL-F42248 is capable of fixing nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anokha S Ratnayake
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA.
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Zhang X, Parry RJ. Cloning and characterization of the pyrrolomycin biosynthetic gene clusters from Actinosporangium vitaminophilum ATCC 31673 and Streptomyces sp. strain UC 11065. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:946-57. [PMID: 17158935 PMCID: PMC1803119 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01214-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrrolomycins are a family of polyketide antibiotics, some of which contain a nitro group. To gain insight into the nitration mechanism associated with the formation of these antibiotics, the pyrrolomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Actinosporangium vitaminophilum was cloned. Sequencing of ca. 56 kb of A. vitaminophilum DNA revealed 35 open reading frames (ORFs). Sequence analysis revealed a clear relationship between some of these ORFs and the biosynthetic gene cluster for pyoluteorin, a structurally related antibiotic. Since a gene transfer system could not be devised for A. vitaminophilum, additional proof for the identity of the cloned gene cluster was sought by cloning the pyrrolomycin gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. strain UC 11065, a transformable pyrrolomycin producer. Sequencing of ca. 26 kb of UC 11065 DNA revealed the presence of 17 ORFs, 15 of which exhibit strong similarity to ORFs in the A. vitaminophilum cluster as well as a nearly identical organization. Single-crossover disruption of two genes in the UC 11065 cluster abolished pyrrolomycin production in both cases. These results confirm that the genetic locus cloned from UC 11065 is essential for pyrrolomycin production, and they also confirm that the highly similar locus in A. vitaminophilum encodes pyrrolomycin biosynthetic genes. Sequence analysis revealed that both clusters contain genes encoding the two components of an assimilatory nitrate reductase. This finding suggests that nitrite is required for the formation of the nitrated pyrrolomycins. However, sequence analysis did not provide additional insights into the nitration process, suggesting the operation of a novel nitration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Zhang
- Rice University, Department of Chemistry MS60, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Gossauer A. Monopyrrolic natural compounds including tetramic acid derivatives. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2003; 86:1-188. [PMID: 12899123 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6029-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gossauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Le Quesne PW, Dong Y, Blythe TA. Recent Research on Pyrrole Alkaloids. ALKALOIDS: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(99)80026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Araki A, Sendo F. Reduced anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of a cephalosporin, cefodizime, in rats whose neutrophils were selectively depleted by a monoclonal antibody. Microbiol Immunol 1996; 40:333-8. [PMID: 8999285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the mechanisms of the in vivo antibacterial activity of a cephalosporin, cefodizime (CDZM), the effect of this antibiotic on Pseudomonas aeruginosa E7 infection was examined in rats whose neutrophils had been selectively depleted by monoclonal antibody RP-3. CDZM was less effective in RP-3-treated rats than in untreated rats. However, treatment of rats with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) augmented the in vivo activity of this antibiotic. Furthermore, the in vivo antibacterial activity of two other cephalosporins, cefpimizole (CPIZ) and cefoperazone (CPZ), was bilaterally affected by a rise or fall in the neutrophil number, although to a lesser degree than was the case with CDZM. Taken together, neutrophils play an important role in the in vivo antibacterial activity of certain cephalosporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Araki
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
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