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Eckert N, Rebets Y, Horbal L, Zapp J, Herrmann J, Busche T, Müller R, Kalinowski J, Luzhetskyy A. Discovery and overproduction of novel highly bioactive pamamycins through transcriptional engineering of the biosynthetic gene cluster. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:233. [PMID: 37964282 PMCID: PMC10644645 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pamamycins are a family of highly bioactive macrodiolide polyketides produced by Streptomyces alboniger as a complex mixture of derivatives with molecular weights ranging from 579 to 705 Daltons. The large derivatives are produced as a minor fraction, which has prevented their isolation and thus studies of chemical and biological properties. RESULTS Herein, we describe the transcriptional engineering of the pamamycin biosynthetic gene cluster (pam BGC), which resulted in the shift in production profile toward high molecular weight derivatives. The pam BGC library was constructed by inserting randomized promoter sequences in front of key biosynthetic operons. The library was expressed in Streptomyces albus strain with improved resistance to pamamycins to overcome sensitivity-related host limitations. Clones with modified pamamycin profiles were selected and the properties of engineered pam BGC were studied in detail. The production level and composition of the mixture of pamamycins was found to depend on balance in expression of the corresponding biosynthetic genes. This approach enabled the isolation of known pamamycins and the discovery of three novel derivatives with molecular weights of 663 Da and higher. One of them, homopamamycin 677A, is the largest described representative of this family of natural products with an elucidated structure. The new pamamycin 663A shows extraordinary activity (IC50 2 nM) against hepatocyte cancer cells as well as strong activity (in the one-digit micromolar range) against a range of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION By employing transcriptional gene cluster refactoring, we not only enhanced the production of known pamamycins but also discovered novel derivatives exhibiting promising biological activities. This approach has the potential for broader application in various biosynthetic gene clusters, creating a sustainable supply and discovery platform for bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Eckert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yuriy Rebets
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lilya Horbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Josef Zapp
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Engineering the precursor pool to modulate the production of pamamycins in the heterologous host S. albus J1074. Metab Eng 2021; 67:11-18. [PMID: 34051369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pamamycins, a group of polyketides originally discovered in Streptomyces alboniger, induce sporulation in Streptomyces and inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and fungi. The pamamycin biosynthetic gene cluster encodes 6 ketosynthases that utilize a variety of three-carbon to five-carbon CoA thioesters as starter and extender units. This promiscuity in production results in an up to 18 different derivatives during fermentation. For more-selective production and simplified purification, we aimed to modify the precursor supply to narrow the spectrum of the produced derivatives. Eight genes potentially responsible for the supply of two major precursors, 2-S-methylmalonyl-CoA and 2-S-ethylmalonyl-CoA, were identified using the NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) against the genome of the heterologous host S. albus J1074. Knockout mutants of the identified genes were constructed and their impact on intracellular CoA ester concentrations and on the production of pamamycins was determined. The created mutants enabled us to conclusively identify the ethylmalonyl-CoA supplying routes and their impact on the production of pamamycin. Furthermore, we gained significant information on the origin of the methylmalonyl-CoA supply in Streptomyces albus.
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Ren GB, Huang YX, Sun YP, Li ZH, Wu Y. An Enantioselective Convergent Route to Pamamycin 621A. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5048-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100774n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Xian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhong-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Structure-activity relationship of pamamycins: effect of side chain length on aerial mycelium-inducing activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2008; 61:98-102. [PMID: 18408331 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2008.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two pamamycin homologues with different side chain lengths were isolated from Streptomyces sp. HKI-0118. Aerial mycelium-inducing activity decreased by ca. 1/10 per methylene unit in the side chain.
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Hashimoto M, Kondo T, Kozone I, Kawaide H, Abe H, Natsume M. Relationship between response to and production of the aerial mycelium-inducing substances pamamycin-607 and A-factor. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:803-8. [PMID: 12784621 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Respectively, exogenous pamamycin-607 and A-factor restored or stimulated aerial mycelium formation in 30 (67%) and 6 (13%) of 45 Streptomyces strains, and both restored or stimulated it in 5 strains (11%). Pamamycin-607 production was detected in 3 of those strains that responded to pamamycin-607. These findings indicate that pamamycin-607 acts on the common regulatory system for aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces spp. but is not a universal autoregulator. Increased or decreased antibacterial production occurred in 5 strains in association with aerial mycelium formation by pamamycin-607 or A-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Bernsmann H, Hungerhoff B, Fechner R, Fröhlich R, Metz P. Toward the synthesis of pamamycin-607. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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