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Wu Z, Xia Z, Tang Z, Li J, Liu W. Mutasynthesis generates nine new pyrroindomycins. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2813-2818. [PMID: 38511276 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00239c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Pyrroindomycins (PYRs) represent the only spirotetramate natural products discovered in nature, and possess potent activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Their unique structure and impressive biological activities make them attractive targets for synthesis and biosynthesis; however, the discovery and generation of new PYRs remains challenging. To date, only the initial components A and B have been reported. Herein, we report a mutasynthesis approach for the generation of nine new PYRs with varying acyl modifications on their deoxy-trisaccharide moieties. This was achieved by blocking the formation of the acyl group 1,8-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole (DHPI) via gene pyrK1 inactivation and supplying chemical acyl precursors. The gene pyrK1 encodes a DUF1864 family protein that probably catalyzes the oxidative transformation of L-tryptophan to DHPI, and its deletion results in the abolishment of DHPI-containing PYRs and the accumulation of three new PYRs either without acyl modification or with DHPI replaced by benzoic acid and pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid. Capitalizing on the capacity of the ΔpyrK1 mutant to produce new PYRs, we have successfully developed a mutasynthesis strategy for the generation of six novel PYR analogs with various aromatic acid modifications on their deoxy-trisaccharide moieties, showcasing the potential for generating structurally diverse PYRs. Overall, this research contributes significantly to understanding the biosynthesis of PYRs and offers valuable perspectives on their structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhua Wu
- National key Laboratory of Lead druggability Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Copernicus Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhengxiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhijun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ji'an Li
- National key Laboratory of Lead druggability Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Copernicus Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Lertcanawanichakul M, Sahabuddeen T. Characterization of Streptomyces sp. KB1 and its cultural optimization for bioactive compounds production. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14909. [PMID: 36860769 PMCID: PMC9969850 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bioactive compounds (BCs) from natural resources have been extensively studied because of their use as models in the development of novel and important medical and biopreservative agents. One important source of BCs is microorganisms, particularly terrestrial bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. Methods We characterized Streptomyces sp. KB1 by observing its morphology, physiology, and growth on different media using biochemical tests, optimizing cultural conditions by changing one independent variable at a time. Results Streptomyces sp. KB1 (TISTR 2304) is a gram-positive and long filamentous bacteria that forms straight to flexuous (rectiflexibile) chains of globose-shaped and smooth-surfaced spores. It can grow under aerobic condition s only at a temperature range of 25-37 °C and initial pH range of 5-10 in the presence of sodium chloride 4% (w/v). Therefore, it is considered an obligate aerobe, mesophilic, neutralophilic, and moderately halophilic bacteria. The isolate grew well on peptone-yeast extract iron, Luria Bertani (LB), and a half-formula of LB (LB/2), but could not grow on MacConkey agar. It utilized fructose, mannose, glucose, and lactose as its carbon source along with acid production and showed positive reactions to casein hydrolysis, gelatin liquefaction, nitrate reduction, urease, and catalase production. Streptomyces sp. KB1 (TISTR 2304) could produce the maximum number of BCs when 1% of its starter was cultivated in a 1,000 ml baffled flask containing 200 ml of LB/2 broth with its initial pH adjusted to 7 with no supplemental carbon source, nitrogen source, NaCl, or trace element at 30 °C, shaken at 200 rpm in an incubator for 4 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthon Lertcanawanichakul
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Thasala, Thaiburi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Thaiburi, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Tuanhawanti Sahabuddeen
- Research Unit of Natural Product Utilization, Walialk University, Thaiburi, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Jin HX, OuYang XK, Hu ZC. Enhancement of epoxide hydrolase production by 60
Co gamma and UV irradiation mutagenesis of Aspergillus niger
ZJB-09103. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:392-399. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huo-Xi Jin
- Institute of Food and Medicine; Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhoushan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Kun OuYang
- Institute of Food and Medicine; Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhoushan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ce Hu
- Institute of Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
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Abstract
[4 + 2]-Cycloadditions are increasingly being recognized in the biosynthetic pathways of many structurally complex natural products. A relatively small collection of enzymes from these pathways have been demonstrated to increase rates of cyclization and impose stereochemical constraints on the reactions. While mechanistic investigation of these enzymes is just beginning, recent studies have provided new insights with implications for understanding their biosynthetic roles, mechanisms of catalysis, and evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Sun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shao-An Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mark W Ruszczycky
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Enhanced production of phenazine-like metabolite produced byStreptomyces aurantiogriseusVSMGT1014 against rice pathogen,Rhizoctonia solani. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:153-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Impact of a novel precursor on FK506 production and key gene transcription in Streptomyces tsukubaensis No. 9993. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Valan AM, Asha KRT, Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S, Agastian P. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of novel polyene type antimicrobial metabolite producing actinomycetes from marine sediments: Bay of Bengal, India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:803-10. [PMID: 23569851 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate and indentify the promising antimicrobial metabolite producing Streptomyces strains from marine sediment samples from Andrapradesh coast of India. METHODS Antagonistic actinomycetes were isolated by starch casein agar medium and modified nutrient agar medium with 1% glucose used as a base for primary screening. Significant antimicrobial metabolite producing strains were selected and identified by using biochemical and 16S rDNA level. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the organic extracts were done by using broth micro dilution method. RESULTS Among the 210 actinomycetes, 64.3% exhibited activity against Gram positive bacteria, 48.5 % showed activity towards Gram negative bacteria, 38.8% exhibited both Gram positive and negative bacteria and 80.85 % isolates revealed significant antifungal activity. However, five isolates AP-5, AP-18, AP-41 and AP-70 showed significant antimicrobial activity. The analysis of cell wall hydrolysates showed the presence of LL-diaminopimelic acid and glycine in all the isolates. Sequencing analysis indicated that the isolates shared 98.5%-99.8% sequence identity to the 16S rDNA gene sequences of the Streptomyces taxons. The antimicrobial substances were extracted using hexane and ethyl acetate from spent medium in which strains were cultivated at 30°Cfor five days. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using broth micro dilution technique. Each of the culture extracts from these five strains showed a typical polyene-like property. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations of ethyl acetate extracts against Escherichia coli and Curvularia lunata were 67.5 and 125.0 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that hexane and ethyl acetate soluble extracellular products of novel isolates are effective against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arasu M Valan
- Division of Microbiology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
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Improvement of FK506 production in Streptomyces tsukubaensis by genetic enhancement of the supply of unusual polyketide extender units via utilization of two distinct site-specific recombination systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:5093-103. [PMID: 22582065 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00450-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506 is a potent immunosuppressant that has a wide range of clinical applications. Its 23-member macrocyclic scaffold, mainly with a polyketide origin, features two methoxy groups at C-13 and C-15 and one allyl side chain at C-21, due to the region-specific incorporation of two unusual extender units derived from methoxymalonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) and allylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), respectively. Whether their intracellular formations can be a bottleneck for FK506 production remains elusive. In this study, we report the improvement of FK506 yield in the producing strain Streptomyces tsukubaensis by the duplication of two sets of pathway-specific genes individually encoding the biosyntheses of these two extender units, thereby providing a promising approach to generate high-FK506-producing strains via genetic manipulation. Taking advantage of the fact that S. tsukubaensis is amenable to two actinophage (ΦC31 and VWB) integrase-mediated recombination systems, we genetically enhanced the biosyntheses of methoxymalonyl-ACP and allylmalonyl-CoA, as indicated by transcriptional analysis. Together with the optimization of glucose supplementation, the maximal FK506 titer eventually increased by approximately 150% in comparison with that of the original strain. The strategy of engineering the biosynthesis of unusual extender units described here may be applicable to improving the production of other polyketide or nonribosomal peptide natural products that contain pathway-specific building blocks.
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Thakur D, Bora T, Bordoloi G, Mazumdar S. Influence of nutrition and culturing conditions for optimum growth and antimicrobial metabolite production by Streptomyces sp. 201. J Mycol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schobert R, Schlenk A. Tetramic and tetronic acids: an update on new derivatives and biological aspects. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4203-21. [PMID: 18334299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant developments in the isolation of tetramic acids and tetronic acids, in the elucidation of their biosyntheses and their biological activities and in laboratory syntheses are reviewed with a focus on those derivatives with medicinal and pharmacological relevance. Important new members of the title compound families isolated since the year 2000 are covered as well as new biological aspects of some earlier congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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JIN Z, CHENG X, CEN P. Effects of Glucose and Phosphate on Spinosad Fermentation by Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Chin J Chem Eng 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(06)60111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zehner S, Kotzsch A, Bister B, Süssmuth RD, Méndez C, Salas JA, van Pée KH. A regioselective tryptophan 5-halogenase is involved in pyrroindomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces rugosporus LL-42D005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:445-52. [PMID: 15850981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic compound pyrroindomycin B contains an indole ring chlorinated in the 5 position. The indole ring is probably derived from tryptophan, and thus primers derived from conserved regions of tryptophan halogenases were used to amplify and clone a DNA fragment that was then used to isolate a tryptophan 5-halogenase gene (pyrH) from a cosmid library of the pyrroindomycin producer Streptomyces rugosporus LL-42D005. A gene disruption mutant in the tryptophan 5-halogenase gene no longer produced pyrroindomycin B, but still produced pyrroindomycin A, the nonhalogenated derivative. The halogenase gene could be overexpressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens BL915 DeltaORF1 and was purified to homogeneity by immobilized metal chelate ion affinity chromatography. Chlorinating and brominating activities with tryptophan as a substrate were detected in cell-free extracts and for the purified enzyme.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics
- Genes, Fungal
- Genetic Vectors
- Macrolides/metabolism
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/isolation & purification
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Plasmids/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
- Streptomyces/enzymology
- Streptomyces/genetics
- Streptomyces/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Zehner
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Oikawa H, Tokiwano T. Enzymatic catalysis of the Diels–Alder reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2004; 21:321-52. [PMID: 15162222 DOI: 10.1039/b305068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on enzymes catalyzing the Diels- Alder reaction. often named "Diels-Alderases", clearlydemonstrated the involvement of this synthetically useful reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products.This review covers natural Diels-Alder type cycloadducts. synthetic efforts on the chemical feasibility ofthe biosynthctic Diels - Alder reaction and a brief history of studies on Diels-Alderases. In addition,reaction mechanisms of artificial and natural Diels--Alderases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Jo Nishi 8 Chome, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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