Lack of association of a common polymorphism in the 3' -UTR of interleukin 8 with non small cell lung cancer in Kashmir

The Association Between IL-8 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Several Types of Cancer, Especially in Gastric Cancer

BACKGROUND

Changes in functional genetic polymorphisms may increase or decrease the risk of cancer in patients. Nowadays, the association between polymorphisms in the interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene and the susceptibility of cancer risk have been investigated in many studies, however, above relationships remain unclear.

AIM

The current study aims to comprehensively evaluate the association between IL-8 gene six polymorphisms and the whole cancer risk, especially -251 polymorphism and gastric cancer.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Six polymorphisms (-251, -353, +678, +1633, +2767, +781) were collected. The expression of serum IL-8 was calculated by ELISA assay. First, 104 case-control studies were conducted. Second, this research has made significant discoveries regarding the -251, -353 and +781 polymorphisms and the potential associations with cancer risk. Finally, the serum IL-8 levels in gastric cancer patients with AA/TT genotypes were significantly higher than those with the same genotypes of healthy controls and TT genotypes in gastric cancer patients.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the investigation has revealed that IL-8 gene polymorphisms significantly influence vulnerability to cancer development, especially for gastric cancer.

Interleukin polymorphisms and protein levels associated with lung cancer susceptibility and phenotypes

BACKGROUND

We conducted a comprehensive analysis to explore whether multiple interleukin (IL), IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, polymorphisms and IL proteins (IL-6, IL-10) relate to lung cancer (LC) susceptibility or clinical characteristics.

METHODS

We performed the standard meta-analysis procedures according to PRISMA. The odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were used for analysis.

RESULTS

We investigated 11 variants from 43 articles, and found that IL-1β rs16944 (p = 0.04) and IL-10 rs1800872 (p = 0.003) decreased while IL-10 rs1800896 (p = 0.007) increased LC risks. We also found that IL-1β rs1143627 decreased NSCLC risks (p = 0.03). The heterozygotes and homozygotes contributed differently. In addition, another 15 articles were involved to explore the relationship between IL proteins and LC. We found that LC patients accounted for higher serum IL-6 of 16.60 pg/mL (p < 0.00001) and higher serum IL-10 of 3.47 pg/mL (p = 0.02) than that of controls. Furthermore, IIIA-Ⅳ LC patients tended to have higher proportion of positive IL-6 staining in lung tumor tissue in contrast with IA-IIB patients by TNM stage (p = 0.0002).

CONCLUSIONS

Four variants from IL-1β and IL-10, and serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels are associated with LC risks.

Relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor -2578C > a gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Several reports were published on the relationship between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -2578C > A gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk; however, the results are debatable. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between VEGF -2578C > A gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk.

METHODS

The associated literatures were identified on the 1st of September 2018 from CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) and PubMed.

RESULT

A total of 14 reports were recruited into our meta-analysis to assess the association between VEGF -2578C > A gene polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility. There was a marked association between VEGF -2578C > A A allele / CC genotype and lung cancer risk in overall and Asian populations (overall populations: A allele: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.46, P = 0.003; CC genotype: OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.95, P = 0.02; Asians: A allele: OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15-1.55, P = 0.0002; CC genotype: OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-0.93, P = 0.01). However, VEGF -2578C > A gene polymorphism was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in Caucasians.

CONCLUSION

VEGF -2578C > A A allele / CC genotype is associated with the lung cancer susceptibility in Asians and in overall populations.

Multiple exposures to poultry barn air and lipopolysaccharide synergistically increase the pulmonary expression of TLR-4 and IL-1β

Objective

Poultry farm workers are exposed to barn air and suffer from various respiratory disorders. Due to frequent prevalence of endotoxin in the farm settings workers can get co‐exposed to barn air and endotoxin. The study was aimed to explore the pulmonary damage following long‐term multiple exposures to poultry barn air with or without endotoxin.

Methods

We studied the pulmonary expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) by exposing Swiss albino mice to poultry barn air for 6 days (Monday‐Saturday) in a week for 5 and 10 weeks. At the end of exposure, animals were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or normal saline solution @80 μg/mouse intranasally. Histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and blood analysis were used to characterize lung damage. mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and IL‐1β were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

Results

Histopathology along with TLC and DLC of blood and BAL fluid revealed lung damage following multiple exposures and damage was severe in combination with LPS. Exposures altered mRNA and protein expression of TLR‐4 and IL‐1β and the expression was more marked following 30 days of exposure. Further LPS co‐challenge showed a synergistic effect on the expression of TLR4 and IL‐1β.

Conclusions

The data suggest that long‐term exposures with or without LPS caused lung damage and altered the pulmonary expression of TLR4 and IL‐1β.

Association of TNFα-308, IFNγ+874, and IL10-1082 gene polymorphisms and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer in the population of the South Indian state of Telangana

BACKGROUND

Cytokine-mediated inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes and their association with lung cancer in the Indian population have not been reported.

METHODS

For the first time, we analyzed genetic polymorphisms of TNFα ^-308, IFNγ ⁺⁸⁷⁴, and IL10 ^-1082 genes in 246 NSCLC patients and 250 healthy controls in the South Indian population from Telangana using ARMS PCR.

RESULTS

IFNγ⁺⁸⁷⁴ A/T and IL10^-1082 G/G gene polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with NSCLC with 1.56- and 1.68-fold disease risk, respectively. There was no association between the risk of NSCLC and TNFα^-308 polymorphism. Gene polymorphisms stratified according to smoking revealed that IFNγ⁺⁸⁷⁴ A/T polymorphisms in smokers increased the disease risk by 2.91 fold. IL10^-1082 G/G polymorphisms showed 2-fold increased risk among patients who were smokers when compared to the controls. However, there was no association between TNFα^-308, IFNγ⁺⁸⁷⁴, and IL10^-1082 gene polymorphism and the stage of the NSCLC patients. The overall risk associated with the combination of these polymorphisms indicated that the TNFα^-308 G/A + IFNγ⁺⁸⁷⁴ A/T + IL10^-1082 G/G genotype increased the risk by 1.5 fold.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of our study indicate an association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and the risk of NSCLC in an Indian population.

EPHX1 rs2234922 polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in Asian populations: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

Polymorphisms of epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) rs2234922 have been reported to be associated with variations in EPHX1 activity. Many studies have investigated the association between EPHX1 rs2234922 polymorphism and lung cancer risk, but their results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of all eligible studies to derive a more precise estimation of the associations of EPHX1 rs2234922 polymorphism with lung cancer.

METHODS

The PubMed was searched for case-control studies published up to Oct 01, 2014. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The pooled ORs for the risk associated with the genotypes of homozygote G/G and G allele carriers (A/G + G/G) with the A/A genotype were calculated. Heterogeneity assumption was checked by the chi-square-based Q-test. A P value greater than 0.10 for the Q-test indicates a lack of heterogeneity among studies, so the pooled OR estimate of the each study was calculated by the fixed-effects model (the Mantel-Haenszel method). Otherwise, the random-effects model (the DerSimonian and Laird method) was used.

RESULTS

In this meta-analysis, we assessed eight published studies involving comprising 1,175 cases and 1,550 controls of the association between EPHX1 rs2234922 polymorphism and lung cancer risk. For the homozygote G/G and G allele carriers (A/G + G/G), the pooled ORs were 1.47 (95% CI: 1.18-1.79, P=0.007 for heterogeneity) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.14-1.62, P=0.828 for heterogeneity), when compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype (A/A).

CONCLUSIONS

EPHX1 rs2234922 polymorphism contributes to risk of lung cancer among Asian population.

CYP1A2 rs2069514 polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Many studies have examined the association between the CYP1A2 rs2069514 polymorphism gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in various populations, but their results have been inconsistent. The PubMed was searched for case-control studies published up to Sep 01, 2014. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In this meta-analysis, we assessed six published studies involving comprising 1,168 cases and 1,598 controls of the association between CYP1A2 rs2069514 polymorphism and lung cancer risk. For the homozygote A/A and A allele carriers (G/A + A/A), the pooled ORs were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.15-1.99; P=0.007 for heterogeneity) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.07-1.90; P=0.000 for heterogeneity), when compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype (G/G). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, the significantly risks were found among non-Asians for both the A allele carriers and homozygote A/A. However, no significant associations were found in Asian population all genetic models. These results from the meta-analysis suggest that CYP1A2 rs2069514 polymorphism contributes to risk of lung cancer among non-Asian population.

Meta-analysis of the association between the rs8034191 polymorphism in AGPHD1 and lung cancer risk

BACKGROUND

Possible associations between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8034191 in the aminoglycosidephosphotransferase domain containing 1 (AGPHD1) gene and lung cancer risk have been studied by many researchers but the results have been contradictory.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A computerized search for publications on rs8034191 and lung cancer risk was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between rs8034191 and lung cancer risk with 13 selected case-control studies. Sensitivity analysis, test of heterogeneity, cumulative meta-analysis, and assessment of bias were also performed.

RESULTS

A significant association between rs8034191 and lung cancer susceptibility was found using the dominant genetic model (OR=1.344, 95% CI: 1.285-1.406), the additive genetic model (OR=1.613, 95% CI: 1.503-1.730), and the recessive genetic model (OR=1.408, 95% CI: 1.319-1.503). Moreover, an increased lung cancer risk was found with all genetic models after stratification of ethnicity.

CONCLUSIONS

The association between rs8034191 and lung cancer risk was significant using multiple genetic models, suggesting that rs8034191 is a risk factor for lung cancer. Further functional studies of this polymorphism and lung cancer risk are warranted.

Interleukin-8 -251A/T gene polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Many studies have examined the association between the interleukin-8 -251T/A (rs4073) gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk in various populations, but the results have been inconsistent. In this meta-analysis, PubMed was searched for case-control studies published through 01 December 2013. The data were extracted, and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. We assessed six published studies on the association between the interleukin-8 -251T/A polymorphism and lung cancer risk. The included studies yielded a total of 3265 lung cancer cases and 3607 controls. For the homozygous A/A and A allele carriers (T/A + A/A), the pooled ORs for all studies combining 3265 cases and 3607 controls were 1.03 (95% CI = 0.92-1.14; P = 0.235 for heterogeneity) and 1.07 (95% CI = 0.96-1.19; P = 0.245 for heterogeneity) when compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype (T/T). When the analysis was stratified by ethnicity, significant risks were found among Asians for both the A allele carriers and the homozygous A/A individuals. However, no significant associations were found in non-Asian populations using any of the genetic models. This meta-analysis suggests that the interleukin-8 -251A allele confer an increased risk for the development of lung cancer among Asians.

CHRNA3 rs1051730 polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in Asian population: a meta-analysis

Many studies have examined the association between the CHRNA3 rs1051730 polymorphism gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in various populations, but their results have been inconsistent. The PubMed was searched for case-control studies published up to Jan 01, 2015. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. In this meta-analysis, we assessed four published studies involving comprising 2,890 lung cancer cases and 2,521 controls of the association between CHRNA3 rs1051730 polymorphism and lung cancer risk. For the T allele carriers (C/T + T/T) and the homozygote T/T, the pooled ORs for all studies combined 2,890 cases and 2,521 controls were 1.93 (95% CI =1.48-2.53, P=0.34 for heterogeneity) and 1.63 (95% CI =1.27-1.99, P=0.46 for heterogeneity), when compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype (C/C). There was no observable publication bias for both polymorphisms. These results from the meta-analysis suggest that CHRNA3 rs1051730 polymorphism contributes to risk of lung cancer among Asian population.

Association between interleukin-8 -251A/T polymorphism and risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis

This study is to evaluate the association between IL-8 -251A/T polymorphism and lung cancer risk in diverse populations. We performed a meta-analysis of six case-control studies that included 3,265 lung-cancer cases and 3,607 case-free controls. Overall, results showed that the IL-8 -251A/T polymorphism was not associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in all genetic models. However, stratified by ethnicity, a significantly increased risk was found among Asians. In conclusion, IL-8 -251A/T polymorphism is associated with lung cancer susceptibility in Asians and the -251 A allele may increase risk of lung cancer in Asians.

Interleukin-8 and interleukin-17 for cancer

Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with chronic inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Increased levels of interleukins (ILs) have been associated with inflammatory disease exacerbation. ILs levels have been observed to be associated with advance stage cancer for several types of cancer and a poor prognostic maker for malignant disease. Moreover; increased levels of cytokines induce tumorigenesis. There are several paradigms such as the hepatocellular carcinoma induced from chronic inflammation of an underlying hepatitis. In the current review, we will focus on IL-8 and -17. These two ILs as in the case of others, induce neo-angiogenesis through activation of the vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) factor pathway. Additionally, they enhance the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2,-9) which in turn increase the metastatic activity of the underlying malignancy. Inhibition of cytokine production could be a potential treatment both for chronic inflammatory diseases and tumor modulation. Local microenvironment modulation could be applied in surgery resected patients as in the case of lung cancer in order to enhance the local immune activity.