1
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Bernardi P, Gerle C, Halestrap AP, Jonas EA, Karch J, Mnatsakanyan N, Pavlov E, Sheu SS, Soukas AA. Identity, structure, and function of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: controversies, consensus, recent advances, and future directions. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1869-1885. [PMID: 37460667 PMCID: PMC10406888 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) describes a Ca2+-dependent and cyclophilin D (CypD)-facilitated increase of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability that allows diffusion of molecules up to 1.5 kDa in size. It is mediated by a non-selective channel, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Sustained mPTP opening causes mitochondrial swelling, which ruptures the outer mitochondrial membrane leading to subsequent apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and is implicated in a range of pathologies. However, transient mPTP opening at various sub-conductance states may contribute several physiological roles such as alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics and rapid Ca2+ efflux. Since its discovery decades ago, intensive efforts have been made to identify the exact pore-forming structure of the mPT. Both the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and, more recently, the mitochondrial F1FO (F)-ATP synthase dimers, monomers or c-subunit ring alone have been implicated. Here we share the insights of several key investigators with different perspectives who have pioneered mPT research. We critically assess proposed models for the molecular identity of the mPTP and the mechanisms underlying its opposing roles in the life and death of cells. We provide in-depth insights into current controversies, seeking to achieve a degree of consensus that will stimulate future innovative research into the nature and role of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Laboratory of Protein Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Andrew P Halestrap
- School of Biochemistry and Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Sinha SD, Wideman JG. The persistent homology of mitochondrial ATP synthases. iScience 2023; 26:106700. [PMID: 37250340 PMCID: PMC10214729 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about ATP synthase structure in protists, and the investigated ones exhibit divergent structures distinct from yeast or animals. To clarify the subunit composition of ATP synthases across all eukaryotic lineages, we used homology detection techniques and molecular modeling tools to identify an ancestral set of 17 ATP synthase subunits. Most eukaryotes possess an ATP synthase comparable to those of animals and fungi, while some have undergone drastic divergence (e.g., ciliates, myzozoans, euglenozoans). Additionally, a ∼1 billion-year-old gene fusion between ATP synthase stator subunits was identified as a synapomorphy of the SAR (Stramenopila, Alveolata, Rhizaria) supergroup (stramenopile, alveolate, rhizaria). Our comparative approach highlights the persistence of ancestral subunits even amidst major structural changes. We conclude by urging that more ATP synthase structures (e.g., from jakobids, heteroloboseans, stramenopiles, rhizarians) are needed to provide a complete picture of the evolution of the structural diversity of this ancient and essential complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savar D. Sinha
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jeremy G. Wideman
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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3
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Acin‐Perez R, Benincá C, Fernandez del Rio L, Shu C, Baghdasarian S, Zanette V, Gerle C, Jiko C, Khairallah R, Khan S, Rincon Fernandez Pacheco D, Shabane B, Erion K, Masand R, Dugar S, Ghenoiu C, Schreiner G, Stiles L, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. Inhibition of ATP synthase reverse activity restores energy homeostasis in mitochondrial pathologies. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111699. [PMID: 36912136 PMCID: PMC10183817 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular function relies on the close regulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and hydrolysis. ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATP Synthase (CV) is induced by loss of proton motive force and inhibited by the mitochondrial protein ATPase inhibitor (ATPIF1). The extent of CV hydrolytic activity and its impact on cellular energetics remains unknown due to the lack of selective hydrolysis inhibitors of CV. We find that CV hydrolytic activity takes place in coupled intact mitochondria and is increased by respiratory chain defects. We identified (+)-Epicatechin as a selective inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis that binds CV while preventing the binding of ATPIF1. In cells with Complex-III deficiency, we show that inhibition of CV hydrolytic activity by (+)-Epichatechin is sufficient to restore ATP content without restoring respiratory function. Inhibition of CV-ATP hydrolysis in a mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is sufficient to improve muscle force without any increase in mitochondrial content. We conclude that the impact of compromised mitochondrial respiration can be lessened using hydrolysis-selective inhibitors of CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acin‐Perez
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Lucia Fernandez del Rio
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Cynthia Shu
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Siyouneh Baghdasarian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Vanessa Zanette
- Department of BioinformaticsUniversity Federal of ParanaCuritibaBrazil
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Institute for Protein ResearchOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- RIKEN SPring‐8 CenterSayo‐gunJapan
| | - Chimari Jiko
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Byourak Shabane
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB, CSICBarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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4
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Morris S, Molina-Riquelme I, Barrientos G, Bravo F, Aedo G, Gómez W, Lagos D, Verdejo H, Peischard S, Seebohm G, Psathaki OE, Eisner V, Busch KB. Inner mitochondrial membrane structure and fusion dynamics are altered in senescent human iPSC-derived and primary rat cardiomyocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148949. [PMID: 36493857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the aging heart is a major cause of death in the human population. Amongst other tasks, mitochondria are pivotal to supply the working heart with ATP. The mitochondrial inner membrane (IMM) ultrastructure is tailored to meet these demands and to provide nano-compartments for specific tasks. Thus, function and morphology are closely coupled. Senescent cardiomyocytes from the mouse heart display alterations of the inner mitochondrial membrane. To study the relation between inner mitochondrial membrane architecture, dynamics and function is hardly possible in living organisms. Here, we present two cardiomyocyte senescence cell models that allow in cellular studies of mitochondrial performance. We show that doxorubicin treatment transforms human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and rat neonatal cardiomyocytes in an aged phenotype. The treated cardiomyocytes display double-strand breaks in the nDNA, have β-galactosidase activity, possess enlarged nuclei, and show p21 upregulation. Most importantly, they also display a compromised inner mitochondrial structure. This prompted us to test whether the dynamics of the inner membrane was also altered. We found that the exchange of IMM components after organelle fusion was faster in doxorubicin-treated cells than in control cells, with no change in mitochondrial fusion dynamics at the meso-scale. Such altered IMM morphology and dynamics may have important implications for local OXPHOS protein organization, exchange of damaged components, and eventually the mitochondrial bioenergetics function of the aged cardiomyocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Morris
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Schlossplatz 5, Faculty of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Isidora Molina-Riquelme
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Barrientos
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco Bravo
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Geraldine Aedo
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Wileidy Gómez
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Hugo Verdejo
- Facultad de Medicina, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Stefan Peischard
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Verónica Eisner
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Schlossplatz 5, Faculty of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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5
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Godoy-Hernandez A, Asseri AH, Purugganan AJ, Jiko C, de Ram C, Lill H, Pabst M, Mitsuoka K, Gerle C, Bald D, McMillan DGG. Rapid and Highly Stable Membrane Reconstitution by LAiR Enables the Study of Physiological Integral Membrane Protein Functions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:494-507. [PMID: 36968527 PMCID: PMC10037447 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional reintegration into lipid environments represents a major challenge for in vitro investigation of integral membrane proteins (IMPs). Here, we report a new approach, termed LMNG Auto-insertion Reintegration (LAiR), for reintegration of IMPs into lipid bilayers within minutes. The resulting proteoliposomes displayed an unprecedented capability to maintain proton gradients and long-term stability. LAiR allowed for monitoring catalysis of a membrane-bound, physiologically relevant polyisoprenoid quinone substrate by Escherichia coli cytochromes bo 3 (cbo 3) and bd (cbd) under control of the proton motive force. LAiR also facilitated bulk-phase detection and physiological assessment of the "proton leak" in cbo 3, a controversial catalytic state that previously was only approachable at the single-molecule level. LAiR maintained the multisubunit integrity and higher-order oligomeric states of the delicate mammalian F-ATP synthase. Given that LAiR can be applied to both liposomes and planar membrane bilayers and is compatible with IMPs and lipids from prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources, we anticipate LAiR to be applied broadly across basic research, pharmaceutical applications, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Godoy-Hernandez
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amer H. Asseri
- Biochemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Amsterdam
Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aiden J. Purugganan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chimari Jiko
- Institute
for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Carol de Ram
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Lill
- Amsterdam
Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kaoru Mitsuoka
- Research
Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Life
Science Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN
SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Dirk Bald
- Amsterdam
Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Duncan G. G. McMillan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo
City, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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6
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Cannino G, Urbani A, Gaspari M, Varano M, Negro A, Filippi A, Ciscato F, Masgras I, Gerle C, Tibaldi E, Brunati AM, Colombo G, Lippe G, Bernardi P, Rasola A. The mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 regulates F-ATP synthase channel formation. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2335-2346. [PMID: 35614131 PMCID: PMC9751095 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 to client proteins shapes bioenergetic and proteostatic adaptations of cells, but the panel of TRAP1 clients is only partially defined. Here we show that TRAP1 interacts with F-ATP synthase, the protein complex that provides most cellular ATP. TRAP1 competes with the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase cyclophilin D (CyPD) for binding to the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) subunit of F-ATP synthase, increasing its catalytic activity and counteracting the inhibitory effect of CyPD. Electrophysiological measurements indicate that TRAP1 directly inhibits a channel activity of purified F-ATP synthase endowed with the features of the permeability transition pore (PTP) and that it reverses PTP induction by CyPD, antagonizing PTP-dependent mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. Conversely, CyPD outcompetes the TRAP1 inhibitory effect on the channel. Our data identify TRAP1 as an F-ATP synthase regulator that can influence cell bioenergetics and survival and can be targeted in pathological conditions where these processes are dysregulated, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cannino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Varano
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciscato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ionica Masgras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Elena Tibaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Brunati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Institute of Chemical and Technological Sciences "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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7
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Cioffi F, Giacco A, Goglia F, Silvestri E. Bioenergetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Actions of Thyroid Hormones. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060997. [PMID: 35326451 PMCID: PMC8947633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known, but there is also much more to discover, about the actions that thyroid hormones (TH) exert on metabolism. Indeed, despite the fact that thyroid hormones are recognized as one of the most important regulators of metabolic rate, much remains to be clarified on which mechanisms control/regulate these actions. Given their actions on energy metabolism and that mitochondria are the main cellular site where metabolic transformations take place, these organelles have been the subject of extensive investigations. In relatively recent times, new knowledge concerning both thyroid hormones (such as the mechanisms of action, the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and the mechanisms of energy transduction such as (among others) dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes and cristes organization, have opened new pathways of investigation in the field of the control of energy metabolism and of the mechanisms of action of TH at cellular level. In this review, we highlight the knowledge and approaches about the complex relationship between TH, including some of their derivatives, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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8
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Yang Z, Wang L, Yang C, Pu S, Guo Z, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Zhao H. Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:786806. [PMID: 35059386 PMCID: PMC8763711 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of many important cellular processes and their dysfunction has been implicated in a large number of human disorders. Importantly, mitochondrial function is tightly linked to their ultrastructure, which possesses an intricate membrane architecture defining specific submitochondrial compartments. In particular, the mitochondrial inner membrane is highly folded into membrane invaginations that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, mitochondrial membranes are highly dynamic and undergo constant membrane remodeling during mitochondrial fusion and fission. It has remained enigmatic how these membrane curvatures are generated and maintained, and specific factors involved in these processes are largely unknown. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial membrane architectural organization and factors critical for mitochondrial morphogenesis, as well as their functional link to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ziqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Majeed S, Ahmad AB, Sehar U, Georgieva ER. Lipid Membrane Mimetics in Functional and Structural Studies of Integral Membrane Proteins. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:685. [PMID: 34564502 PMCID: PMC8470526 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) fulfill important physiological functions by providing cell-environment, cell-cell and virus-host communication; nutrients intake; export of toxic compounds out of cells; and more. However, some IMPs have obliterated functions due to polypeptide mutations, modifications in membrane properties and/or other environmental factors-resulting in damaged binding to ligands and the adoption of non-physiological conformations that prevent the protein from returning to its physiological state. Thus, elucidating IMPs' mechanisms of function and malfunction at the molecular level is important for enhancing our understanding of cell and organism physiology. This understanding also helps pharmaceutical developments for restoring or inhibiting protein activity. To this end, in vitro studies provide invaluable information about IMPs' structure and the relation between structural dynamics and function. Typically, these studies are conducted on transferred from native membranes to membrane-mimicking nano-platforms (membrane mimetics) purified IMPs. Here, we review the most widely used membrane mimetics in structural and functional studies of IMPs. These membrane mimetics are detergents, liposomes, bicelles, nanodiscs/Lipodisqs, amphipols, and lipidic cubic phases. We also discuss the protocols for IMPs reconstitution in membrane mimetics as well as the applicability of these membrane mimetic-IMP complexes in studies via a variety of biochemical, biophysical, and structural biology techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Majeed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Akram Bani Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Elka R Georgieva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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10
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Bernardi P. Looking Back to the Future of Mitochondrial Research. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682467. [PMID: 33995132 PMCID: PMC8119648 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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11
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Weissert V, Rieger B, Morris S, Arroum T, Psathaki OE, Zobel T, Perkins G, Busch KB. Inhibition of the mitochondrial ATPase function by IF1 changes the spatiotemporal organization of ATP synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148322. [PMID: 33065099 PMCID: PMC7718977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
• Mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase is the key enzyme for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Dimeric F1FO-ATP synthase, is preferentially located at the edges of the cristae and its oligomerization state determines mitochondrial ultrastructure. The ATP synthase inhibitor protein IF1 modulates not only ATP synthase activity but also regulates both the structure and function of mitochondria. In order to understand this in more detail, we have investigated the effect of IF1 on the spatiotemporal organization of the ATP synthase. Stable cell lines were generated that overexpressed IF1 and constitutively active IF1-H49K. The expression of IF1-H49K induced a change in the localization and mobility of the ATP synthase as analyzed by single molecule tracking and localization microscopy (TALM). In addition, the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria in cells with higher levels of active IF1 displayed a gradual alteration. In state III, cristae structures were significantly altered. The inhibition of the hydrolase activity of the F1FO-ATP synthase by IF1 together with altered inner mitochondrial membrane caused re-localization and altered mobility of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Weissert
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Bettina Rieger
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Silke Morris
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Imaging Network, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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12
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Bahri H, Buratto J, Rojo M, Dompierre JP, Salin B, Blancard C, Cuvellier S, Rose M, Ben Ammar Elgaaied A, Tetaud E, di Rago JP, Devin A, Duvezin-Caubet S. TMEM70 forms oligomeric scaffolds within mitochondrial cristae promoting in situ assembly of mammalian ATP synthase proton channel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118942. [PMID: 33359711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP-synthesis is catalyzed by a F1Fo-ATP synthase, an enzyme of dual genetic origin enriched at the edge of cristae where it plays a key role in their structure/stability. The enzyme's biogenesis remains poorly understood, both from a mechanistic and a compartmentalization point of view. The present study provides novel molecular insights into this process through investigations on a human protein called TMEM70 with an unclear role in the assembly of ATP synthase. A recent study has revealed the existence of physical interactions between TMEM70 and the subunit c (Su.c), a protein present in 8 identical copies forming a transmembrane oligomeric ring (c-ring) within the ATP synthase proton translocating domain (Fo). Herein we analyzed the ATP-synthase assembly in cells lacking TMEM70, mitochondrial DNA or F1 subunits and observe a direct correlation between TMEM70 and Su.c levels, regardless of the status of other ATP synthase subunits or of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Immunoprecipitation, two-dimensional blue-native/SDS-PAGE, and pulse-chase experiments reveal that TMEM70 forms large oligomers that interact with Su.c not yet incorporated into ATP synthase complexes. Moreover, discrete TMEM70-Su.c complexes with increasing Su.c contents can be detected, suggesting a role for TMEM70 oligomers in the gradual assembly of the c-ring. Furthermore, we demonstrate using expansion super-resolution microscopy the specific localization of TMEM70 at the inner cristae membrane, distinct from the MICOS component MIC60. Taken together, our results show that TMEM70 oligomers provide a scaffold for c-ring assembly and that mammalian ATP synthase is assembled within inner cristae membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Bahri
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire de génétique, Immunologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar FST, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Jeremie Buratto
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Manuel Rojo
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jim Paul Dompierre
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bénédicte Salin
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Blancard
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvain Cuvellier
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Rose
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Amel Ben Ammar Elgaaied
- Laboratoire de génétique, Immunologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar FST, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Emmanuel Tetaud
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité UMR-CNRS 5234, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CEDEX F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Devin
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Duvezin-Caubet
- Université Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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13
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Nesterov SV, Chesnokov YM, Kamyshinsky RA, Yaguzhinsky LS, Vasilov RG. Determining the Structure and Location of the ATP Synthase in the Membranes of Rat’s Heart Mitochondria Using Cryoelectron Tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078020010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Abarghooi Kahaki F, Monzavi S, Bamehr H, Bandani E, Payandeh Z, Jahangiri A, Khalili S. Expression and Purification of Membrane Proteins in Different Hosts. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-10009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The production of ATP in mitochondria requires the oxidation of energy rich compounds to generate a proton motive force (pmf), a chemical potential difference for protons across the inner membrane. This pmf powers the ATP synthase, a molecular machine with a rotary action, to synthesize ATP. The assembly of human ATP synthase from 27 nuclear encoded proteins and two mitochondrially encoded subunits in the inner organellar membrane involves the formation of intermediate modules representing the F1-catalytic domain, the peripheral stalk, associated membrane subunits, and the c8 ring in the membrane part of the rotor. Here, we describe how components of the peripheral stalk and three associated membrane subunits are assembled and introduced into the enzyme complex. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase in human mitochondria is a membrane bound assembly of 29 proteins of 18 kinds organized into F1-catalytic, peripheral stalk (PS), and c8-rotor ring modules. All but two membrane components are encoded in nuclear genes, synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes, imported into the mitochondrial matrix, and assembled into the complex with the mitochondrial gene products ATP6 and ATP8. Intermediate vestigial ATPase complexes formed by disruption of nuclear genes for individual subunits provide a description of how the various domains are introduced into the enzyme. From this approach, it is evident that three alternative pathways operate to introduce the PS module (including associated membrane subunits e, f, and g). In one pathway, the PS is built up by addition to the core subunit b of membrane subunits e and g together, followed by membrane subunit f. Then this b-e-g-f complex is bound to the preformed F1-c8 module by subunits OSCP and F6. The final component of the PS, subunit d, is added subsequently to form a key intermediate that accepts the two mitochondrially encoded subunits. In another route to this key intermediate, first e and g together and then f are added to a preformed F1-c8-OSCP-F6-b-d complex. A third route involves the addition of the c8-ring module to the complete F1-PS complex. The key intermediate then accepts the two mitochondrially encoded subunits, stabilized by the addition of subunit j, leading to an ATP synthase complex that is coupled to the proton motive force and capable of making ATP.
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16
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Flygaard RK, Mühleip A, Tobiasson V, Amunts A. Type III ATP synthase is a symmetry-deviated dimer that induces membrane curvature through tetramerization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5342. [PMID: 33093501 PMCID: PMC7583250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP synthases form functional homodimers to induce cristae curvature that is a universal property of mitochondria. To expand on the understanding of this fundamental phenomenon, we characterized the unique type III mitochondrial ATP synthase in its dimeric and tetrameric form. The cryo-EM structure of a ciliate ATP synthase dimer reveals an unusual U-shaped assembly of 81 proteins, including a substoichiometrically bound ATPTT2, 40 lipids, and co-factors NAD and CoQ. A single copy of subunit ATPTT2 functions as a membrane anchor for the dimeric inhibitor IF1. Type III specific linker proteins stably tie the ATP synthase monomers in parallel to each other. The intricate dimer architecture is scaffolded by an extended subunit-a that provides a template for both intra- and inter-dimer interactions. The latter results in the formation of tetramer assemblies, the membrane part of which we determined to 3.1 Å resolution. The structure of the type III ATP synthase tetramer and its associated lipids suggests that it is the intact unit propagating the membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kock Flygaard
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Mühleip
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Tobiasson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Cryo-EM structure of the entire mammalian F-type ATP synthase. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:1077-1085. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Abstract
The structure of the dimeric ATP synthase from bovine mitochondria determined in three rotational states by electron cryo-microscopy provides evidence that the proton uptake from the mitochondrial matrix via the proton inlet half channel proceeds via a Grotthus mechanism, and a similar mechanism may operate in the exit half channel. The structure has given information about the architecture and mechanical constitution and properties of the peripheral stalk, part of the membrane extrinsic region of the stator, and how the action of the peripheral stalk damps the side-to-side rocking motions that occur in the enzyme complex during the catalytic cycle. It also describes wedge structures in the membrane domains of each monomer, where the skeleton of each wedge is provided by three α-helices in the membrane domains of the b-subunit to which the supernumerary subunits e, f, and g and the membrane domain of subunit A6L are bound. Protein voids in the wedge are filled by three specifically bound cardiolipin molecules and two other phospholipids. The external surfaces of the wedges link the monomeric complexes together into the dimeric structures and provide a pivot to allow the monomer-monomer interfaces to change during catalysis and to accommodate other changes not related directly to catalysis in the monomer-monomer interface that occur in mitochondrial cristae. The structure of the bovine dimer also demonstrates that the structures of dimeric ATP synthases in a tetrameric porcine enzyme have been seriously misinterpreted in the membrane domains.
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19
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Carraro M, Jones K, Sartori G, Schiavone M, Antonucci S, Kucharczyk R, di Rago JP, Franchin C, Arrigoni G, Forte M, Bernardi P. The Unique Cysteine of F-ATP Synthase OSCP Subunit Participates in Modulation of the Permeability Transition Pore. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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20
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Mitochondrial F-ATP synthase as the permeability transition pore. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105081. [PMID: 32679179 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current state of research on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) can be described in terms of three major problems: molecular identity, atomic structure and gating mechanism. In this review these three problems are discussed in the light of recent findings with special emphasis on the discovery that the PTP is mitochondrial F-ATP synthase (mtFoF1). Novel features of the mitochondrial F-ATP synthase emerging from the success of single particle cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine F-ATP synthase structures are surveyed along with their possible involvement in pore formation. Also, current findings from the gap junction field concerning the involvement of lipids in channel closure are examined. Finally, an earlier proposal denoted as the 'Death Finger' is discussed as a working model for PTP gating.
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21
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Leguina-Ruzzi A, Vodičková A, Holendová B, Pavluch V, Tauber J, Engstová H, Dlasková A, Ježek P. Glucose-Induced Expression of DAPIT in Pancreatic β-Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071026. [PMID: 32664368 PMCID: PMC7408392 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcript levels for selected ATP synthase membrane FO-subunits-including DAPIT-in INS-1E cells were found to be sensitive to lowering glucose down from 11 mM, in which these cells are routinely cultured. Depending on conditions, the diminished mRNA levels recovered when glucose was restored to 11 mM; or were elevated during further 120 min incubations with 20-mM glucose. Asking whether DAPIT expression may be elevated by hyperglycemia in vivo, we studied mice with hyaluronic acid implants delivering glucose for up to 14 days. Such continuous two-week glucose stimulations in mice increased DAPIT mRNA by >5-fold in isolated pancreatic islets (ATP synthase F1α mRNA by 1.5-fold). In INS-1E cells, the glucose-induced ATP increment vanished with DAPIT silencing (6% of ATP rise), likewise a portion of the mtDNA-copy number increment. With 20 and 11-mM glucose the phosphorylating/non-phosphorylating respiration rate ratio diminished to ~70% and 96%, respectively, upon DAPIT silencing, whereas net GSIS rates accounted for 80% and 90% in USMG5/DAPIT-deficient cells. Consequently, the sufficient DAPIT expression and complete ATP synthase assembly is required for maximum ATP synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, but not for insulin secretion as such. Elevated DAPIT expression at high glucose further increases the ATP synthesis efficiency.
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22
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Abstract
Maturation is the last phase of heart development that prepares the organ for strong, efficient, and persistent pumping throughout the mammal's lifespan. This process is characterized by structural, gene expression, metabolic, and functional specializations in cardiomyocytes as the heart transits from fetal to adult states. Cardiomyocyte maturation gained increased attention recently due to the maturation defects in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte, its antagonistic effect on myocardial regeneration, and its potential contribution to cardiac disease. Here, we review the major hallmarks of ventricular cardiomyocyte maturation and summarize key regulatory mechanisms that promote and coordinate these cellular events. With advances in the technical platforms used for cardiomyocyte maturation research, we expect significant progress in the future that will deepen our understanding of this process and lead to better maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte and novel therapeutic strategies for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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23
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Ma M, Li D, Kahraman O, Haselwandter CA. Symmetry of membrane protein polyhedra with heterogeneous protein size. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:022417. [PMID: 32168654 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.022417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In experiments on membrane protein polyhedral nanoparticles (MPPNs) [Basta et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 670 (2014)PNASA60027-842410.1073/pnas.1321936111], it has been observed that membrane proteins and lipids can self-assemble into closed lipid bilayer vesicles with a polyhedral arrangement of membrane proteins. In particular, MPPNs formed from the mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) were found to have the symmetry of the snub cube-a chiral, Archimedean solid-with one MscS protein located at each one of the 24 vertices of the snub cube. It is currently unknown whether MPPNs with heterogeneous protein composition maintain a high degree of symmetry. Inspired by previous work on viral capsid symmetry, we employ here computational modeling to study the symmetry of MPPNs with heterogeneous protein size. We focus on MPPNs formed from MscS proteins, which can exist in closed or open conformational states with distinct sizes. We find that, as an increasing number of closed-state MscS proteins transitions to the open conformational state of MscS, the minimum-energy MscS arrangement in MPPNs follows a strikingly regular pattern, with the dominant MPPN symmetry always being provided by the snub cube. Our results suggest that MPPNs with heterogeneous protein size can be highly symmetric, with a well-defined polyhedral ordering of membrane proteins of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Ma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Di Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Osman Kahraman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Christoph A Haselwandter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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24
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Busch KB. Inner mitochondrial membrane compartmentalization: Dynamics across scales. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 120:105694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Gronnier J, Legrand A, Loquet A, Habenstein B, Germain V, Mongrand S. Mechanisms governing subcompartmentalization of biological membranes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:114-123. [PMID: 31546133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membranes show a tremendous variety of lipids and proteins operating biochemistry, transport and signalling. The dynamics and the organization of membrane constituents are regulated in space and time to execute precise functions. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that shape and govern membrane subcompartmentalization and inter-organelle contact sites still remains limited. Here, we review some reported mechanisms implicated in regulating plant membrane domains including those of plasma membrane, plastids, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we discuss several state-of-the-art methods that allow nowadays researchers to decipher the architecture of these structures at the molecular and atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Legrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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26
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Vilas JL, Oton J, Messaoudi C, Melero R, Conesa P, Ramirez-Aportela E, Mota J, Martinez M, Jimenez A, Marabini R, Carazo JM, Vargas J, Sorzano COS. Measurement of local resolution in electron tomography. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY-X 2019; 4:100016. [PMID: 32647820 PMCID: PMC7337044 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2019.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resolution (global and local) is one of the most reported metrics of quality measurement in Single Particle Analysis (SPA). However, in electron tomography, the situation is different and its computation is not straightforward. Typically, resolution estimation is global and, therefore, reduces the assessment of a whole tomogram to a single number. However, it is known that tomogram quality is spatially variant. Still, up to our knowledge, a method to estimate local quality metrics in tomography is lacking. This work introduces MonoTomo, a method developed to estimate locally in a tomogram the highest reliable frequency component, expressed as a form of local resolution. The fundamentals lie in a local analysis of the density map via monogenic signals, which, in analogy to MonoRes, allows for local estimations. Results with experimental data show that the local resolution range that MonoTomo casts agrees with reported resolution values for experimental data sets, with the advantage of providing a local estimation. A range of applications of MonoTomo are suggested for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Vilas
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Oton
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - C Messaoudi
- U1196, Institut Curie, INSERM, PSL Reseach University, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Melero
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Conesa
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Ramirez-Aportela
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Mota
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martinez
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Jimenez
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Marabini
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Carazo
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Vargas
- Dept. Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill Univ., Montreal, Canada
| | - C O S Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.,Univ. San Pablo - CEU, Campus Urb. Monteprincipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Purified F-ATP synthase forms a Ca 2+-dependent high-conductance channel matching the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4341. [PMID: 31554800 PMCID: PMC6761146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular identity of the mitochondrial megachannel (MMC)/permeability transition pore (PTP), a key effector of cell death, remains controversial. By combining highly purified, fully active bovine F-ATP synthase with preformed liposomes we show that Ca2+ dissipates the H+ gradient generated by ATP hydrolysis. After incorporation of the same preparation into planar lipid bilayers Ca2+ elicits currents matching those of the MMC/PTP. Currents were fully reversible, were stabilized by benzodiazepine 423, a ligand of the OSCP subunit of F-ATP synthase that activates the MMC/PTP, and were inhibited by Mg2+ and adenine nucleotides, which also inhibit the PTP. Channel activity was insensitive to inhibitors of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). Native gel-purified oligomers and dimers, but not monomers, gave rise to channel activity. These findings resolve the long-standing mystery of the MMC/PTP and demonstrate that Ca2+ can transform the energy-conserving F-ATP synthase into an energy-dissipating device. The molecular identity of the mitochondrial megachannel (MMC)/permeability transition pore (PTP), a key effector of cell death, remains controversial. Here authors demonstrate that the membrane embedded bovine F-ATP synthase elicits Ca2 + -dependent currents matching those of the MMC/PTP.
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28
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Carraro M, Checchetto V, Szabó I, Bernardi P. F‐ATPsynthase and the permeability transition pore: fewer doubts, more certainties. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1542-1553. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | | | - Ildikó Szabó
- Department of Biology University of Padova Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Italy
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29
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Baker N, Patel J, Khacho M. Linking mitochondrial dynamics, cristae remodeling and supercomplex formation: How mitochondrial structure can regulate bioenergetics. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:259-268. [PMID: 31207408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and fluid nature of mitochondria allows for modifications in mitochondrial shape, connectivity and cristae architecture. The precise balance of mitochondrial dynamics is among the most critical features in the control of mitochondrial function. In the past few years, mitochondrial shape has emerged as a key regulatory factor in the determination of the bioenergetic capacity of cells. This is mostly due to the recent discoveries linking changes in cristae organization with supercomplex assembly of the electron transport chain (ETC), also defined as the formation of respirosomes. Here we will review the most current advances demonstrating the impact of mitochondrial dynamics and cristae shape on oxidative metabolism, respiratory efficiency, and redox state. Furthermore, we will discuss the implications of mitochondrial dynamics and supercomplex assembly under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeel Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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Assembly of the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation triggers the remodeling of cardiolipin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11235-11240. [PMID: 31110016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900890116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial phospholipid with a very specific and functionally important fatty acid composition, generated by tafazzin. However, in vitro tafazzin catalyzes a promiscuous acyl exchange that acquires specificity only in response to perturbations of the physical state of lipids. To identify the process that imposes acyl specificity onto CL remodeling in vivo, we analyzed a series of deletions and knockdowns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster, including carriers, membrane homeostasis proteins, fission-fusion proteins, cristae-shape controlling and MICOS proteins, and the complexes I-V. Among those, only the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) affected the CL composition. Rather than any specific complex, it was the global impairment of the OXPHOS system that altered CL and at the same time shortened its half-life. The knockdown of OXPHOS expression had the same effect on CL as the knockdown of tafazzin in Drosophila flight muscles, including a change in CL composition and the accumulation of monolyso-CL. Thus, the assembly of OXPHOS complexes induces CL remodeling, which, in turn, leads to CL stabilization. We hypothesize that protein crowding in the OXPHOS system imposes packing stress on the lipid bilayer, which is relieved by CL remodeling to form tightly packed lipid-protein complexes.
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31
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Abstract
F1Fo ATP synthases produce most of the ATP in the cell. F-type ATP synthases have been investigated for more than 50 years, but a full understanding of their molecular mechanisms has become possible only with the recent structures of complete, functionally competent complexes determined by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). High-resolution cryo-EM structures offer a wealth of unexpected new insights. The catalytic F1 head rotates with the central γ-subunit for the first part of each ATP-generating power stroke. Joint rotation is enabled by subunit δ/OSCP acting as a flexible hinge between F1 and the peripheral stalk. Subunit a conducts protons to and from the c-ring rotor through two conserved aqueous channels. The channels are separated by ∼6 Å in the hydrophobic core of Fo, resulting in a strong local field that generates torque to drive rotary catalysis in F1. The structure of the chloroplast F1Fo complex explains how ATPase activity is turned off at night by a redox switch. Structures of mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers indicate how they shape the inner membrane cristae. The new cryo-EM structures complete our picture of the ATP synthases and reveal the unique mechanism by which they transform an electrochemical membrane potential into biologically useful chemical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
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32
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Abstract
Of all the macromolecular assemblies of life, the least understood is the biomembrane. This is especially true in regard to its atomic structure. Ideas on biomembranes, developed in the last 200 years, culminated in the fluid mosaic model of the membrane. In this essay, I provide a historical outline of how we arrived at our current understanding of biomembranes and the models we use to describe them. A selection of direct experimental findings on the nano-scale structure of biomembranes is taken up to discuss their physical nature, and special emphasis is put on the surprising insights that arise from atomic scale descriptions.
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33
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Dimers of mitochondrial ATP synthase induce membrane curvature and self-assemble into rows. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4250-4255. [PMID: 30760595 PMCID: PMC6410833 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816556116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP synthase in the inner membrane of mitochondria generates most of the ATP that enables higher organisms to live. The inner membrane forms deep invaginations called cristae. Mitochondrial ATP synthases are dimeric complexes of two identical monomers. It is known that the ATP synthase dimers form rows along the tightly curved cristae ridges. Computer simulations suggest that the dimer rows bend the membrane locally, but this has not been shown experimentally. In this study, we use electron cryotomography to provide experimental proof that ATP synthase dimers assemble spontaneously into rows upon membrane reconstitution, and that these rows bend the membrane. The assembly of ATP synthase dimers into rows is most likely the first step in the formation of mitochondrial cristae. Mitochondrial ATP synthases form dimers, which assemble into long ribbons at the rims of the inner membrane cristae. We reconstituted detergent-purified mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers from the green algae Polytomella sp. and the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica into liposomes and examined them by electron cryotomography. Tomographic volumes revealed that ATP synthase dimers from both species self-assemble into rows and bend the lipid bilayer locally. The dimer rows and the induced degree of membrane curvature closely resemble those in the inner membrane cristae. Monomers of mitochondrial ATP synthase reconstituted into liposomes do not bend membrane visibly and do not form rows. No specific lipids or proteins other than ATP synthase dimers are required for row formation and membrane remodelling. Long rows of ATP synthase dimers are a conserved feature of mitochondrial inner membranes. They are required for cristae formation and a main factor in mitochondrial morphogenesis.
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34
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Bernardi P. Why F-ATP Synthase Remains a Strong Candidate as the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1543. [PMID: 30443222 PMCID: PMC6221903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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35
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Siegmund SE, Grassucci R, Carter SD, Barca E, Farino ZJ, Juanola-Falgarona M, Zhang P, Tanji K, Hirano M, Schon EA, Frank J, Freyberg Z. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Mitochondrial Crista Ultrastructure in a Patient with Leigh Syndrome by In Situ Cryoelectron Tomography. iScience 2018; 6:83-91. [PMID: 30240627 PMCID: PMC6137323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases produce profound neurological dysfunction via mutations affecting mitochondrial energy production, including the relatively common Leigh syndrome (LS). We recently described an LS case caused by a pathogenic mutation in USMG5, encoding a small supernumerary subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. This protein is integral for ATP synthase dimerization, and patient fibroblasts revealed an almost total loss of ATP synthase dimers. Here, we utilize in situ cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET) in a clinical case-control study of mitochondrial disease to directly study mitochondria within cultured fibroblasts from a patient with LS and a healthy human control subject. Through tomographic analysis of patient and control mitochondria, we find that loss of ATP synthase dimerization due to the pathogenic mutation causes profound disturbances of mitochondrial crista ultrastructure. Overall, this work supports the crucial role of ATP synthase in regulating crista architecture in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Siegmund
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen D Carter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary J Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Peijun Zhang
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joachim Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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36
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Quintana-Cabrera R, Quirin C, Glytsou C, Corrado M, Urbani A, Pellattiero A, Calvo E, Vázquez J, Enríquez JA, Gerle C, Soriano ME, Bernardi P, Scorrano L. The cristae modulator Optic atrophy 1 requires mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomers to safeguard mitochondrial function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3399. [PMID: 30143614 PMCID: PMC6109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the mitochondrial fusion protein Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which inhibits cristae remodeling, protects from mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we identify the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase as the effector of OPA1 in mitochondrial protection. In OPA1 overexpressing cells, the loss of proton electrochemical gradient caused by respiratory chain complex III inhibition is blunted and this protection is abolished by the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin. Mechanistically, OPA1 and ATP synthase can interact, but recombinant OPA1 fails to promote oligomerization of purified ATP synthase reconstituted in liposomes, suggesting that OPA1 favors ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity by modulating cristae shape. When ATP synthase oligomers are genetically destabilized by silencing the key dimerization subunit e, OPA1 is no longer able to preserve mitochondrial function and cell viability upon complex III inhibition. Thus, OPA1 protects mitochondria from respiratory chain inhibition by stabilizing cristae shape and favoring ATP synthase oligomerization. Mitochondrial cristae shape influences apoptosis and respiration. Here the authors show that the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 protects mitochondria from dysfunction by promoting ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Quintana-Cabrera
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,University of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Quirin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Christina Glytsou
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Anna Pellattiero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.
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37
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Nesci S, Trombetti F, Ventrella V, Pagliarani A. From the Ca 2+-activated F 1F O-ATPase to the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: an overview. Biochimie 2018; 152:85-93. [PMID: 29964086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on recent advances on the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase features, a novel multistep mechanism involving the mitochondrial F1FO complex in the formation and opening of the still enigmatic mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), is proposed. MPTP opening makes the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) permeable to ions and solutes and, through cascade events, addresses cell fate to death. Since MPTP forms when matrix Ca2+ concentration rises and ATP is hydrolyzed by the F1FO-ATPase, conformational changes, triggered by Ca2+ insertion in F1, may be transmitted to FO and locally modify the IMM curvature. These events would cause F1FO-ATPase dimer dissociation and MPTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.
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38
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Channel formation by F-ATP synthase and the permeability transition pore: an update. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Krah A, Zarco-Zavala M, McMillan DGG. Insights into the regulatory function of the ɛ subunit from bacterial F-type ATP synthases: a comparison of structural, biochemical and biophysical data. Open Biol 2018; 8:170275. [PMID: 29769322 PMCID: PMC5990651 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP synthases catalyse the formation of ATP, the most common chemical energy storage unit found in living cells. These enzymes are driven by an electrochemical ion gradient, which allows the catalytic evolution of ATP by a binding change mechanism. Most ATP synthases are capable of catalysing ATP hydrolysis to varying degrees, and to prevent wasteful ATP hydrolysis, bacteria and mitochondria have regulatory mechanisms such as ADP inhibition. Additionally, ɛ subunit inhibition has also been described in three bacterial systems, Escherichia coli, Bacillus PS3 and Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1. Previous studies suggest that the ɛ subunit is capable of undergoing an ATP-dependent conformational change from the ATP hydrolytic inhibitory 'extended' conformation to the ATP-induced non-inhibitory 'hairpin' conformation. A recently published crystal structure of the F1 domain of the C. thermarum TA2.A1 F1Fo ATP synthase revealed a mutant ɛ subunit lacking the ability to bind ATP in a hairpin conformation. This is a surprising observation considering it is an organism that performs no ATP hydrolysis in vivo, and appears to challenge the current dogma on the regulatory role of the ɛ subunit. This has prompted a re-examination of present knowledge of the ɛ subunits role in different organisms. Here, we compare published biochemical, biophysical and structural data involving ɛ subunit-mediated ATP hydrolysis regulation in a variety of organisms, concluding that the ɛ subunit from the bacterial F-type ATP synthases is indeed capable of regulating ATP hydrolysis activity in a wide variety of bacteria, making it a potentially valuable drug target, but its exact role is still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krah
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegiro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariel Zarco-Zavala
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Duncan G G McMillan
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
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40
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Shimada S, Maeda S, Hikita M, Mieda-Higa K, Uene S, Nariai Y, Shinzawa-Itoh K. Solubilization conditions for bovine heart mitochondrial membranes allow selective purification of large quantities of respiratory complexes I, III, and V. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 150:33-43. [PMID: 29702187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ascertaining the structure and functions of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes is essential to understanding the biological mechanisms of energy conversion; therefore, numerous studies have examined these complexes. A fundamental part of that research involves devising a method for purifying samples with good reproducibility; the samples obtained need to be stable and their constituents need to retain the same structure and functions they possess when in mitochondrial membranes. Submitochondrial bovine heart particles were isolated using differential centrifugation to adjust to a membrane concentration of 46.0% (w/v) or 31.5% (w/v) based on weight. After 0.7% (w/v) deoxycholic acid, 0.4% (w/v) decyl maltoside, and 7.2% (w/v) potassium chloride were added to the mitochondrial membranes, those membranes were solubilized. At a membrane concentration of 46%, complex V was selectively solubilized, whereas at a concentration of 31.5% (w/v), complexes I and III were solubilized. Two steps-sucrose density gradient centrifugation and anion-exchange chromatography on a POROS HQ 20 μm column-enabled selective purification of samples that retained their structure and functions. These two steps enabled complexes I, III, and V to be purified in two days with a high yield. Complexes I, III, and V were stabilized with n-decyl-β-D-maltoside. A total of 200 mg-300 mg of those complexes from one bovine heart (1.1 kg muscle) was purified with good reproducibility, and the complexes retained the same functions they possessed while in mitochondrial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shimada
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamighori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maeda
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamighori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Masahide Hikita
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamighori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mieda-Higa
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamighori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Uene
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamighori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nariai
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamighori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shinzawa-Itoh
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamighori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan.
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41
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42
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A unique respiratory adaptation in Drosophila independent of supercomplex formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1859:154-163. [PMID: 29191512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Large assemblies of respiratory chain complexes, known as supercomplexes, are present in the mitochondrial membrane in mammals and yeast, as well as in some bacterial membranes. The formation of supercomplexes is thought to contribute to efficient electron transfer, stabilization of each enzyme complex, and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, mitochondria from various organisms were solubilized with digitonin, and then the solubilized complexes were separated by blue native PAGE (BN-PAGE). The results revealed a supercomplex consisting of complexes I, III, and IV in mitochondria from bovine and porcine heart, and a supercomplex consisting primarily of complexes I and III in mitochondria from mouse heart and liver. However, supercomplexes were barely detectable in Drosophila flight-muscle mitochondria, and only dimeric complex V was present. Drosophila mitochondria exhibited the highest rates of oxygen consumption and NADH oxidation, and the concentrations of the electron carriers, cytochrome c and quinone were higher than in other species. Respiratory chain complexes were tightly packed in the mitochondrial membrane containing abundant phosphatidylethanolamine with the fatty acid palmitoleic acid (C16:1), which is relatively high oxidation-resistant as compared to poly-unsaturated fatty acid. These properties presumably allow efficient electron transfer in Drosophila. These findings reveal the existence of a new mechanism of biological adaptation independent of supercomplex formation.
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43
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Guo H, Bueler SA, Rubinstein JL. Atomic model for the dimeric F O region of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Science 2017; 358:936-940. [PMID: 29074581 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase produces the majority of ATP in eukaryotic cells, and its dimerization is necessary to create the inner membrane folds, or cristae, characteristic of mitochondria. Proton translocation through the membrane-embedded FO region turns the rotor that drives ATP synthesis in the soluble F1 region. Although crystal structures of the F1 region have illustrated how this rotation leads to ATP synthesis, understanding how proton translocation produces the rotation has been impeded by the lack of an experimental atomic model for the FO region. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structure of the dimeric FO complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a resolution of 3.6 angstroms. The structure clarifies how the protons travel through the complex, how the complex dimerizes, and how the dimers bend the membrane to produce cristae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Bueler
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John L Rubinstein
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Argudo D, Bethel NP, Marcoline FV, Wolgemuth CW, Grabe M. New Continuum Approaches for Determining Protein-Induced Membrane Deformations. Biophys J 2017; 112:2159-2172. [PMID: 28538153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of the membrane on transmembrane proteins is central to a number of biological phenomena, notably the gating of stretch activated ion channels. Conversely, membrane proteins can influence the bilayer, leading to the stabilization of particular membrane shapes, topological changes that occur during vesicle fission and fusion, and shape-dependent protein aggregation. Continuum elastic models of the membrane have been widely used to study protein-membrane interactions. These mathematical approaches produce physically interpretable membrane shapes, energy estimates for the cost of deformation, and a snapshot of the equilibrium configuration. Moreover, elastic models are much less computationally demanding than fully atomistic and coarse-grained simulation methodologies; however, it has been argued that continuum models cannot reproduce the distortions observed in fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We suggest that this failure can be overcome by using chemically and geometrically accurate representations of the protein. Here, we present a fast and reliable hybrid continuum-atomistic model that couples the protein to the membrane. We show that the model is in excellent agreement with fully atomistic simulations of the ion channel gramicidin embedded in a POPC membrane. Our continuum calculations not only reproduce the membrane distortions produced by the channel but also accurately determine the channel's orientation. Finally, we use our method to investigate the role of membrane bending around the charged voltage sensors of the transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1. We find that membrane deformation significantly stabilizes the energy of insertion of TRPV1 by exposing charged residues on the S4 segment to solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Argudo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Neville P Bethel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Frank V Marcoline
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Charles W Wolgemuth
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael Grabe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Sánchez-Vásquez L, González-Halphen D. TOPOLOGÍA Y FUNCIÓN DE LAS SUBUNIDADES INTRÍNSECAS DE LA MEMBRANA DE LAS F 1 F O -ATP SINTASA MITOCONDRIALES. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence imaging by photoactivation or photoswitching of single fluorophores and position determination (single-molecule localization microscopy, SMLM) provides microscopic images with subdiffraction spatial resolution. This technology has enabled new insights into how proteins are organized in a cellular context, with a spatial resolution approaching virtually the molecular level. A unique strength of SMLM is that it delivers molecule-resolved information, along with super-resolved images of cellular structures. This allows quantitative access to cellular structures, for example, how proteins are distributed and organized and how they interact with other biomolecules. Ultimately, it is even possible to determine protein numbers in cells and the number of subunits in a protein complex. SMLM thus has the potential to pave the way toward a better understanding of how cells function at the molecular level. In this review, we describe how SMLM has contributed new knowledge in eukaryotic biology, and we specifically focus on quantitative biological data extracted from SMLM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Julius-Maximilian-University of Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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47
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Barbot M, Meinecke M. Reconstitutions of mitochondrial inner membrane remodeling. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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48
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Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P. Integration of superoxide formation and cristae morphology for mitochondrial redox signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 80:31-50. [PMID: 27640755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial network provides the central cell's energetic and regulatory unit, which besides ATP and metabolite production participates in cellular signaling through regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and various protein/ion fluxes. The inner membrane forms extensive folds, called cristae, i.e. cavities enfolded from and situated perpendicularly to its inner boundary membrane portion, which encompasses an inner cylinder within the outer membrane tubule. Mitochondrial cristae ultramorphology reflects various metabolic, physiological or pathological states. Since the mitochondrion is typically a predominant superoxide source and generated ROS also serve for the creation of information redox signals, we review known relationships between ROS generation within the respiratory chain complexes of cristae and cristae morphology. Notably, it is emphasized that cristae shape is governed by ATP-synthase dimers, MICOS complexes, OPA1 isoforms and the umbrella of their regulation, and also dependent on local protonmotive force (electrical potential component) in cristae. Cristae are also affected by redox-sensitive kinases/phosphatases or p66SHC. ATP-synthase dimers decrease in the inflated intracristal space, diminishing pH and hypothetically having minimal superoxide formation. Matrix-released signaling superoxide/H2O2 is predominantly integrated along mitochondrial tubules, whereas the diffusion of intracristal signaling ROS species is controlled by crista junctions, the widening of which enables specific retrograde redox signaling such as during hypoxic cell adaptation. Other physiological cases of H2O2 release from the mitochondrion include the modulation of insulin release in pancreatic β-cells, enhancement of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, signaling by T-cell receptors, retrograde signaling during the cell cycle and cell differentiation, specifically that of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, No.75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, No.75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jarsch IK, Daste F, Gallop JL. Membrane curvature in cell biology: An integration of molecular mechanisms. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:375-87. [PMID: 27528656 PMCID: PMC4987295 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Curving biological membranes establishes the complex architecture of the cell and mediates membrane traffic to control flux through subcellular compartments. Common molecular mechanisms for bending membranes are evident in different cell biological contexts across eukaryotic phyla. These mechanisms can be intrinsic to the membrane bilayer (either the lipid or protein components) or can be brought about by extrinsic factors, including the cytoskeleton. Here, we review examples of membrane curvature generation in animals, fungi, and plants. We showcase the molecular mechanisms involved and how they collaborate and go on to highlight contexts of curvature that are exciting areas of future research. Lessons from how membranes are bent in yeast and mammals give hints as to the molecular mechanisms we expect to see used by plants and protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K Jarsch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, England, UK
| | - Frederic Daste
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, England, UK
| | - Jennifer L Gallop
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, England, UK
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Gerle C. On the structural possibility of pore-forming mitochondrial FoF1 ATP synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1857:1191-1196. [PMID: 26968896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition is an inner mitochondrial membrane event involving the opening of the permeability transition pore concomitant with a sudden efflux of matrix solutes and breakdown of membrane potential. The mitochondrial F(o)F(1) ATP synthase has been proposed as the molecular identity of the permeability transition pore. The likeliness of potential pore-forming sites in the mitochondrial F(o)F(1) ATP synthase is discussed and a new model, the death finger model, is described. In this model, movement of a p-side density that connects the lipid-plug of the c-ring with the distal membrane bending Fo domain allows reversible opening of the c-ring and structural cross-talk with OSCP and the catalytic (αβ)(3) hexamer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gerle
- Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.
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