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Horackova A, Pospisilova A, Stundl J, Minarik M, Jandzik D, Cerny R. Pre-mandibular pharyngeal pouches in early non-teleost fish embryos. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231158. [PMID: 37700650 PMCID: PMC10498051 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate pharynx is a key embryonic structure with crucial importance for the metameric organization of the head and face. The pharynx is primarily built upon progressive formation of paired pharyngeal pouches that typically develop in post-oral (mandibular, hyoid and branchial) domains. However, in the early embryos of non-teleost fishes, we have previously identified pharyngeal pouch-like outpocketings also in the pre-oral domain of the cranial endoderm. This pre-oral gut (POG) forms by early pouching of the primitive gut cavity, followed by the sequential formation of typical (post-oral) pharyngeal pouches. Here, we tested the pharyngeal nature of the POG by analysing expression patterns of selected core pharyngeal regulatory network genes in bichir and sturgeon embryos. Our comparison revealed generally shared expression patterns, including Shh, Pax9, Tbx1, Eya1, Six1, Ripply3 or Fgf8, between early POG and post-oral pharyngeal pouches. POG thus shares pharyngeal pouch-like morphogenesis and a gene expression profile with pharyngeal pouches and can be regarded as a pre-mandibular pharyngeal pouch. We further suggest that pre-mandibular pharyngeal pouches represent a plesiomorphic vertebrate trait inherited from our ancestor's pharyngeal metameric organization, which is incorporated in the early formation of the pre-chordal plate of vertebrate embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Horackova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pospisilova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stundl
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Minarik
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Cerny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Annona G, Sato I, Pascual-Anaya J, Osca D, Braasch I, Voss R, Stundl J, Soukup V, Ferrara A, Fontenot Q, Kuratani S, Postlethwait JH, D'Aniello S. Evolution of the nitric oxide synthase family in vertebrates and novel insights in gill development. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220667. [PMID: 35946155 PMCID: PMC9363997 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an ancestral key signalling molecule essential for life and has enormous versatility in biological systems, including cardiovascular homeostasis, neurotransmission and immunity. Although our knowledge of NO synthases (Nos), the enzymes that synthesize NO in vivo, is substantial, the origin of a large and diversified repertoire of nos gene orthologues in fishes with respect to tetrapods remains a puzzle. The recent identification of nos3 in the ray-finned fish spotted gar, which was considered lost in this lineage, changed this perspective. This finding prompted us to explore nos gene evolution, surveying vertebrate species representing key evolutionary nodes. This study provides noteworthy findings: first, nos2 experienced several lineage-specific gene duplications and losses. Second, nos3 was found to be lost independently in two different teleost lineages, Elopomorpha and Clupeocephala. Third, the expression of at least one nos paralogue in the gills of developing shark, bichir, sturgeon, and gar, but not in lamprey, suggests that nos expression in this organ may have arisen in the last common ancestor of gnathostomes. These results provide a framework for continuing research on nos genes' roles, highlighting subfunctionalization and reciprocal loss of function that occurred in different lineages during vertebrate genome duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Annona
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli 80121, Italy
| | - Iori Sato
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Juan Pascual-Anaya
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - David Osca
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, University Institute of Environmental Studies and Natural Resources (IUNAT), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ingo Braasch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior (EEB), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Randal Voss
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jan Stundl
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Soukup
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Allyse Ferrara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70301, USA
| | - Quenton Fontenot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70301, USA
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli 80121, Italy
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3
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Stundl J, Soukup V, Franěk R, Pospisilova A, Psutkova V, Pšenička M, Cerny R, Bronner ME, Medeiros DM, Jandzik D. Efficient CRISPR Mutagenesis in Sturgeon Demonstrates Its Utility in Large, Slow-Maturing Vertebrates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:750833. [PMID: 35223827 PMCID: PMC8867083 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.750833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the CRISPR/Cas9 bacterial virus defense system has been adapted as a user-friendly, efficient, and precise method for targeted mutagenesis in eukaryotes. Though CRISPR/Cas9 has proven effective in a diverse range of organisms, it is still most often used to create mutant lines in lab-reared genetic model systems. However, one major advantage of CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis over previous gene targeting approaches is that its high efficiency allows the immediate generation of near-null mosaic mutants. This feature could potentially allow genotype to be linked to phenotype in organisms with life histories that preclude the establishment of purebred genetic lines; a group that includes the vast majority of vertebrate species. Of particular interest to scholars of early vertebrate evolution are several long-lived and slow-maturing fishes that diverged from two dominant modern lineages, teleosts and tetrapods, in the Ordovician, or before. These early-diverging or “basal” vertebrates include the jawless cyclostomes, cartilaginous fishes, and various non-teleost ray-finned fishes. In addition to occupying critical phylogenetic positions, these groups possess combinations of derived and ancestral features not seen in conventional model vertebrates, and thus provide an opportunity for understanding the genetic bases of such traits. Here we report successful use of CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in one such non-teleost fish, sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, a small species of sturgeon. We introduced mutations into the genes Tyrosinase, which is needed for melanin production, and Sonic hedgehog, a pleiotropic developmental regulator with diverse roles in early embryonic patterning and organogenesis. We observed disruption of both loci and the production of consistent phenotypes, including both near-null mutants’ various hypomorphs. Based on these results, and previous work in lamprey and amphibians, we discuss how CRISPR/Cas9 F0 mutagenesis may be successfully adapted to other long-lived, slow-maturing aquatic vertebrates and identify the ease of obtaining and injecting eggs and/or zygotes as the main challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stundl
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Soukup
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Roman Franěk
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Anna Pospisilova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktorie Psutkova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Pšenička
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Robert Cerny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marianne E. Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Meulemans Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado in Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: David Jandzik,
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4
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Huysseune A, Cerny R, Witten PE. The conundrum of pharyngeal teeth origin: the role of germ layers, pouches, and gill slits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:414-447. [PMID: 34647411 PMCID: PMC9293187 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are several competing hypotheses on tooth origins, with discussions eventually settling in favour of an 'outside-in' scenario, in which internal odontodes (teeth) derived from external odontodes (skin denticles) in jawless vertebrates. The evolution of oral teeth from skin denticles can be intuitively understood from their location at the mouth entrance. However, the basal condition for jawed vertebrates is arguably to possess teeth distributed throughout the oropharynx (i.e. oral and pharyngeal teeth). As skin denticle development requires the presence of ectoderm-derived epithelium and of mesenchyme, it remains to be answered how odontode-forming skin epithelium, or its competence, were 'transferred' deep into the endoderm-covered oropharynx. The 'modified outside-in' hypothesis for tooth origins proposed that this transfer was accomplished through displacement of odontogenic epithelium, that is ectoderm, not only through the mouth, but also via any opening (e.g. gill slits) that connects the ectoderm to the epithelial lining of the pharynx (endoderm). This review explores from an evolutionary and from a developmental perspective whether ectoderm plays a role in (pharyngeal) tooth and denticle formation. Historic and recent studies on tooth development show that the odontogenic epithelium (enamel organ) of oral or pharyngeal teeth can be of ectodermal, endodermal, or of mixed ecto-endodermal origin. Comprehensive data are, however, only available for a few taxa. Interestingly, in these taxa, the enamel organ always develops from the basal layer of a stratified epithelium that is at least bilayered. In zebrafish, a miniaturised teleost that only retains pharyngeal teeth, an epithelial surface layer with ectoderm-like characters is required to initiate the formation of an enamel organ from the basal, endodermal epithelium. In urodele amphibians, the bilayered epithelium is endodermal, but the surface layer acquires ectodermal characters, here termed 'epidermalised endoderm'. Furthermore, ectoderm-endoderm contacts at pouch-cleft boundaries (i.e. the prospective gill slits) are important for pharyngeal tooth initiation, even if the influx of ectoderm via these routes is limited. A balance between sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid signalling could operate to assign tooth-initiating competence to the endoderm at the level of any particular pouch. In summary, three characters are identified as being required for pharyngeal tooth formation: (i) pouch-cleft contact, (ii) a stratified epithelium, of which (iii) the apical layer adopts ectodermal features. These characters delimit the area in which teeth can form, yet cannot alone explain the distribution of teeth over the different pharyngeal arches. The review concludes with a hypothetical evolutionary scenario regarding the persisting influence of ectoderm on pharyngeal tooth formation. Studies on basal osteichthyans with less-specialised types of early embryonic development will provide a crucial test for the potential role of ectoderm in pharyngeal tooth formation and for the 'modified outside-in' hypothesis of tooth origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Robert Cerny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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5
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Karki NP, Colombo RE, Gaines KF, Maia A. Exposure to 17β estradiol causes erosion of sexual dimorphism in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6450-6458. [PMID: 32997251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds including 17β estradiol (or E2) are known to negatively affect the reproductive system of many animals, including fish, leading to feminization, altered sex ratio, reduced fecundity, and decreased gonadosomatic index. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of water-soluble 17β estradiol exposure on the external morphology of Bluegill. An experiment was set up where fish were individually maintained in 10-g tanks and exposed to 17β estradiol concentrations of 40 and 80 ng/L or no 17β estradiol exposure (the control). Fish were exposed for 21 days, with 17β estradiol replenished each week to account for 17β estradiol half-life. Fish were photographed laterally before and after the 21-day exposure to 17β estradiol. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics were conducted in MorphoJ and canonical variate and discriminant function analysis were used to compare the morphological changes in the fish under 17β estradiol exposure. The results showed that 17β estradiol exposure caused male dimorphic characters to change in Bluegill by becoming less prevalent. Specifically, there was a narrowing of the caudal peduncle, smaller nape protrusion, reduced opercular flap and pectoral fin, and a deeper body in the exposed groups compared with control fish under both concentrations. This research highlights the widespread effects of 17β estradiol on fish health beyond the reproductive system, which could have important conservation implications by affecting mate selection and reducing reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Parajulee Karki
- Department of Biology, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Robert E Colombo
- Department of Biology, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Karen F Gaines
- Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Blvd., Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Anabela Maia
- Department of Biology, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA.
- Department of Biology, Rhode Island College, 600 Mount Pleasant Ave, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
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6
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Soukup V, Tazaki A, Yamazaki Y, Pospisilova A, Epperlein HH, Tanaka EM, Cerny R. Oral and Palatal Dentition of Axolotl Arises From a Common Tooth-Competent Zone Along the Ecto-Endodermal Boundary. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622308. [PMID: 33505974 PMCID: PMC7829593 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate dentitions arise at various places within the oropharyngeal cavity including the jaws, the palate, or the pharynx. These dentitions develop in a highly organized way, where new tooth germs are progressively added adjacent to the initiator center, the first tooth. At the same time, the places where dentitions develop house the contact zones between the outer ectoderm and the inner endoderm, and this colocalization has instigated various suggestions on the roles of germ layers for tooth initiation and development. Here, we study development of the axolotl dentition, which is a complex of five pairs of tooth fields arranged into the typically tetrapod outer and inner dental arcades. By tracking the expression patterns of odontogenic genes, we reason that teeth of both dental arcades originate from common tooth-competent zones, one present on the mouth roof and one on the mouth floor. Progressive compartmentalization of these zones and a simultaneous addition of new tooth germs distinct for each prospective tooth field subsequently control the final shape and composition of the axolotl dentition. Interestingly, by following the fate of the GFP-labeled oral ectoderm, we further show that, in three out of five tooth field pairs, the first tooth develops right at the ecto-endodermal boundary. Our results thus indicate that a single tooth-competent zone gives rise to both dental arcades of a complex tetrapod dentition. Further, we propose that the ecto-endodermal boundary running through this zone should be accounted for as a potential source of instruction factors instigating the onset of the odontogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Soukup
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Akira Tazaki
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yosuke Yamazaki
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Pospisilova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Elly M Tanaka
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Cerny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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7
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Arenas‐Rodríguez A, Hoyos JM. The hyolaryngeal apparatus of three species of
Scinax
(Scinaxinae: Hylidae: Anura) and comparison with other Hylidae species. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Arenas‐Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias UNESIS (Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática) Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá Colombia
| | - Julio Mario Hoyos
- Facultad de Ciencias UNESIS (Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática) Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá Colombia
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8
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Rocha M, Beiriger A, Kushkowski EE, Miyashita T, Singh N, Venkataraman V, Prince VE. From head to tail: regionalization of the neural crest. Development 2020; 147:dev193888. [PMID: 33106325 PMCID: PMC7648597 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is regionalized along the anteroposterior axis, as demonstrated by foundational lineage-tracing experiments that showed the restricted developmental potential of neural crest cells originating in the head. Here, we explore how recent studies of experimental embryology, genetic circuits and stem cell differentiation have shaped our understanding of the mechanisms that establish axial-specific populations of neural crest cells. Additionally, we evaluate how comparative, anatomical and genomic approaches have informed our current understanding of the evolution of the neural crest and its contribution to the vertebrate body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rocha
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anastasia Beiriger
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elaine E Kushkowski
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tetsuto Miyashita
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada
| | - Noor Singh
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vishruth Venkataraman
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Victoria E Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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9
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Cadiz L, Jonz MG. A comparative perspective on lung and gill regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/19/jeb226076. [PMID: 33037099 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to continuously grow and regenerate the gills throughout life is a remarkable property of fish and amphibians. Considering that gill regeneration was first described over one century ago, it is surprising that the underlying mechanisms of cell and tissue replacement in the gills remain poorly understood. By contrast, the mammalian lung is a largely quiescent organ in adults but is capable of facultative regeneration following injury. In the course of the past decade, it has been recognized that lungs contain a population of stem or progenitor cells with an extensive ability to restore tissue; however, despite recent advances in regenerative biology of the lung, the signaling pathways that underlie regeneration are poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the common evolutionary and embryological origins shared by gills and mammalian lungs. These are evident in homologies in tissue structure, cell populations, cellular function and genetic pathways. An integration of the literature on gill and lung regeneration in vertebrates is presented using a comparative approach in order to outline the challenges that remain in these areas, and to highlight the importance of using aquatic vertebrates as model organisms. The study of gill regeneration in fish and amphibians, which have a high regenerative potential and for which genetic tools are widely available, represents a unique opportunity to uncover common signaling mechanisms that may be important for regeneration of respiratory organs in all vertebrates. This may lead to new advances in tissue repair following lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cadiz
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Michael G Jonz
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
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10
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Barske L, Fabian P, Hirschberger C, Jandzik D, Square T, Xu P, Nelson N, Yu HV, Medeiros DM, Gillis JA, Crump JG. Evolution of vertebrate gill covers via shifts in an ancient Pou3f3 enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24876-24884. [PMID: 32958671 PMCID: PMC7547273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011531117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the gill chambers of jawless vertebrates open directly into the environment, jawed vertebrates evolved skeletal appendages that drive oxygenated water unidirectionally over the gills. A major anatomical difference between the two jawed vertebrate lineages is the presence of a single large gill cover in bony fishes versus separate covers for each gill chamber in cartilaginous fishes. Here, we find that these divergent patterns correlate with the pharyngeal arch expression of Pou3f3 orthologs. We identify a deeply conserved Pou3f3 arch enhancer present in humans through sharks but undetectable in jawless fish. Minor differences between the bony and cartilaginous fish enhancers account for their restricted versus pan-arch expression patterns. In zebrafish, mutation of Pou3f3 or the conserved enhancer disrupts gill cover formation, whereas ectopic pan-arch Pou3f3b expression generates ectopic skeletal elements resembling the multimeric covers of cartilaginous fishes. Emergence of this Pou3f3 arch enhancer >430 Mya and subsequent modifications may thus have contributed to the acquisition and diversification of gill covers and respiratory strategies during gnathostome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Barske
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Peter Fabian
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | | | - David Jandzik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tyler Square
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Nellie Nelson
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Haoze Vincent Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Daniel M Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - J Andrew Gillis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
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Stundl J, Pospisilova A, Matějková T, Psenicka M, Bronner ME, Cerny R. Migratory patterns and evolutionary plasticity of cranial neural crest cells in ray-finned fishes. Dev Biol 2020; 467:14-29. [PMID: 32835652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cranial neural crest (CNC) arises within the developing central nervous system, but then migrates away from the neural tube in three consecutive streams termed mandibular, hyoid and branchial, respectively, according to the order along the anteroposterior axis. While the process of neural crest emigration generally follows a conserved anterior to posterior sequence across vertebrates, we find that ray-finned fishes (bichir, sterlet, gar, and pike) exhibit several heterochronies in the timing and order of CNC emergence that influences their subsequent migratory patterns. First, emigration of the cranial neural crest in these fishes occurs prematurely compared to other vertebrates, already initiating during early neurulation and well before neural tube closure. Second, delamination of the hyoid stream occurs prior to the more anterior mandibular stream; this is associated with early morphogenesis of key hyoid structures like external gills (bichir), a large opercular flap (gar) or first forming cartilage (pike). In sterlet, the hyoid and branchial CNC cells form a single hyobranchial sheet, which later segregates in concert with second pharyngeal pouch morphogenesis. Taken together, the results show that despite generally conserved migratory patterns, heterochronic alterations in the timing of emigration and pattern of migration of CNC cells accompanies morphological diversity of ray-finned fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stundl
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Pospisilova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Matějková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Psenicka
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert Cerny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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