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Cyanobacterial membrane dynamics in the light of eukaryotic principles. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232406. [PMID: 36602300 PMCID: PMC9950537 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular compartmentalization is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. Dynamic membrane remodeling, involving membrane fission/fusion events, clearly is crucial for cell viability and function, as well as membrane stabilization and/or repair, e.g., during or after injury. In recent decades, several proteins involved in membrane stabilization and/or dynamic membrane remodeling have been identified and described in eukaryotes. Yet, while typically not having a cellular organization as complex as eukaryotes, also bacteria can contain extra internal membrane systems besides the cytoplasmic membranes (CMs). Thus, also in bacteria mechanisms must have evolved to stabilize membranes and/or trigger dynamic membrane remodeling processes. In fact, in recent years proteins, which were initially defined being eukaryotic inventions, have been recognized also in bacteria, and likely these proteins shape membranes also in these organisms. One example of a complex prokaryotic inner membrane system is the thylakoid membrane (TM) of cyanobacteria, which contains the complexes of the photosynthesis light reaction. Cyanobacteria are evolutionary closely related to chloroplasts, and extensive remodeling of the internal membrane systems has been observed in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria during membrane biogenesis and/or at changing light conditions. We here discuss common principles guiding eukaryotic and prokaryotic membrane dynamics and the proteins involved, with a special focus on the dynamics of the cyanobacterial TMs and CMs.
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells possess considerable internal complexity, differentiating them from prokaryotes. Eukaryogenesis, an evolutionary transitional period culminating in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), marked the origin of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. LECA is reconstructed as possessing intracellular complexity akin to modern eukaryotes. Construction of endomembrane compartments involved three key gene families: coatomer, BAR-domain proteins, and ESCRT. Each has a distinct evolutionary origin, but of these coatomer and BAR proteins are eukaryote specific, while ESCRT has more ancient origins. We discuss the structural motifs defining these three membrane-coating complexes and suggest that compared with BAR and ESCRT, the coatomer architecture had a unique ability to be readily and considerably modified, unlocking functional diversity and enabling the development of the eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia,*Address corresponding to: Mark C. Field (); Michael P. Rout ()
| | - Michael P. Rout
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10021,*Address corresponding to: Mark C. Field (); Michael P. Rout ()
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4
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Single molecule tracking of bacterial cell surface cytochromes reveals dynamics that impact long-distance electron transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119964119. [PMID: 35503913 PMCID: PMC9171617 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119964119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiheme cytochromes in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 transport electrons across the cell wall, in a process called extracellular electron transfer. These electron conduits can also enable electron transport along and between cells. While the underlying mechanism is thought to involve a combination of electron hopping and lateral diffusion of cytochromes along membranes, these diffusive dynamics have never been observed in vivo. Here, we observe the mobility of quantum dot-labeled cytochromes on living cell surfaces and membrane nanowires, quantify their diffusion with single-particle tracking techniques, and simulate the contribution of these dynamics to electron transport. This work reveals the impact of redox molecule dynamics on bacterial electron transport, with implications for understanding and harnessing this process in the environment and bioelectronics. Using a series of multiheme cytochromes, the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can perform extracellular electron transfer (EET) to respire redox-active surfaces, including minerals and electrodes outside the cell. While the role of multiheme cytochromes in transporting electrons across the cell wall is well established, these cytochromes were also recently found to facilitate long-distance (micrometer-scale) redox conduction along outer membranes and across multiple cells bridging electrodes. Recent studies proposed that long-distance conduction arises from the interplay of electron hopping and cytochrome diffusion, which allows collisions and electron exchange between cytochromes along membranes. However, the diffusive dynamics of the multiheme cytochromes have never been observed or quantified in vivo, making it difficult to assess their hypothesized contribution to the collision-exchange mechanism. Here, we use quantum dot labeling, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and single-particle tracking to quantify the lateral diffusive dynamics of the outer membrane-associated decaheme cytochromes MtrC and OmcA, two key components of EET in S. oneidensis. We observe confined diffusion behavior for both quantum dot-labeled MtrC and OmcA along cell surfaces (diffusion coefficients DMtrC = 0.0192 ± 0.0018 µm2/s, DOmcA = 0.0125 ± 0.0024 µm2/s) and the membrane extensions thought to function as bacterial nanowires. We find that these dynamics can trace a path for electron transport via overlap of cytochrome trajectories, consistent with the long-distance conduction mechanism. The measured dynamics inform kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that combine direct electron hopping and redox molecule diffusion, revealing significant electron transport rates along cells and membrane nanowires.
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Nadeem A, Berg A, Pace H, Alam A, Toh E, Ådén J, Zlatkov N, Myint SL, Persson K, Gröbner G, Sjöstedt A, Bally M, Barandun J, Uhlin BE, Wai SN. Protein-lipid interaction at low pH induces oligomerization of the MakA cytotoxin from Vibrio cholerae. eLife 2022; 11:73439. [PMID: 35131030 PMCID: PMC8824476 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-pore-forming toxins (α-PFTs) from pathogenic bacteria damage host cell membranes by pore formation. We demonstrate a remarkable, hitherto unknown mechanism by an α-PFT protein from Vibrio cholerae. As part of the MakA/B/E tripartite toxin, MakA is involved in membrane pore formation similar to other α-PFTs. In contrast, MakA in isolation induces tube-like structures in acidic endosomal compartments of epithelial cells in vitro. The present study unravels the dynamics of tubular growth, which occurs in a pH-, lipid-, and concentration-dependent manner. Within acidified organelle lumens or when incubated with cells in acidic media, MakA forms oligomers and remodels membranes into high-curvature tubes leading to loss of membrane integrity. A 3.7 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of MakA filaments reveals a unique protein-lipid superstructure. MakA forms a pinecone-like spiral with a central cavity and a thin annular lipid bilayer embedded between the MakA transmembrane helices in its active α-PFT conformation. Our study provides insights into a novel tubulation mechanism of an α-PFT protein and a new mode of action by a secreted bacterial toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Nadeem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Berg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hudson Pace
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Athar Alam
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eric Toh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nikola Zlatkov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Si Lhyam Myint
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karina Persson
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Gröbner
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Barandun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Tanaka M, Ueno Y, Miyake T, Sakuma T, Okochi M. Enrichment of membrane curvature-sensing proteins from Escherichia coli using spherical supported lipid bilayers. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:98-104. [PMID: 34776361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria display dynamically organized curved membrane structures, especially during cell division. The importance of membrane curvature-sensing (MCS) proteins for the recognition and regulation of biological membrane morphologies has predominately been investigated in eukaryotic cells. Recently, a technique for screening MCS proteins from solutions that contain peripheral membrane proteins was developed, and MCS protein candidates were identified from mammalian cells. The technique uses differently sized spherical supported lipid bilayers (SSLBs), which consist of spherical SiO2 particles covered with a lipid bilayer. To discriminate between proteins possessing the MCS property, SSLBs with the same surface area were used in a comparative sedimentation assay with shotgun proteome analysis. In this study, to prove that the technique could be applied to other samples, MCS proteins in Escherichia coli were investigated. Through a comparative proteomic study, 35 and 47 proteins were enriched as candidate MCS proteins preferentially bound to SSLBs of 100 nm and 1000 nm, respectively. Among the identified MCS candidate proteins, FtsZ and SecA were further examined for their MCS properties using the two SSLB sizes, which revealed a high binding affinity for the low membrane curvature (large SSLB). This is the first study to explore MCS proteins in prokaryotic cells and the MCS property of the SecA protein. The results demonstrate a method to enrich MCS proteins that could be utilized to better elucidate membrane dynamics and protein function expression on curved membrane structures in prokaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yu Ueno
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyake
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakuma
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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