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Terranova S, Botta A, Putzolu M, Bonassi G, Cosentino C, Mezzarobba S, Ravizzotti E, Lagravinese G, Pelosin E, Avanzino L. The impact of emotion on temporal prediction ability in different timing contexts. Sci Rep 2025; 15:9884. [PMID: 40121260 PMCID: PMC11929816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-87887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Our ability to predict temporal events (TP) is dynamically modulated by contextual factors (i.e., different predictive contexts) and closely intertwined with emotional states, shaping our adaptive responses within the environment. While studies have extensively probed how emotions distort time perception, their impact on predictive ability remains unexplored. Here, we investigated emotions' impact on temporal prediction. Participants (N = 23) completed a standard implicit TP task and its emotional version (TP-E), using positive (i.e., joy), negative (i.e., fear), and neutral faces as visual stimuli. Reaction times (RTs) to the target were recorded in two predictive contexts: rhythmic (i.e., interstimulus intervals (ISIs) were constant, 900 ms) and single-interval condition (i.e., target's timing estimation was based on the prior exposure of the train of stimuli) and random (no-time context). We found a specific decrease in RTs, in the single-interval context, when fearful stimuli were used, compared to neutral stimuli. This suggests that negative emotion influences temporal prediction, aligning with emotional adjustments in processing threatening situations, including modulation of physiological arousal, cognitive appraisal, and time estimation. Indeed, such modulation of RTs, specifically in the single-interval condition, may be attributed to improved memory and attention, essential cognitive abilities for single-based predictions, enhanced by the exposure to fearful stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Terranova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martina Putzolu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaia Bonassi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carola Cosentino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Susanna Mezzarobba
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Ravizzotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Pelosin
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Itotani K, Taki M, Ueno S, Nakai H, Miki Y, Suganuma I, Harada S, Ogawa N. The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Gait Rhythm with Motor Imagery -Trial Using the Finger Tap Test. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2025; 10:94. [PMID: 40137346 PMCID: PMC11943264 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of any error (delta; ∆) between the image of one's own walking rhythm and the actual walking rhythm and physical activity, as a new motor imagery assessment. METHODS The subjects were classified into two groups: a high activity group (HA-Group) having high physical activity with less than four hours of sitting time per day, and a low activity group (LA-Group) having low physical activity with more than four hours of daily sitting time. Visual rhythm, auditory rhythm, mental comfortable walking rhythm, and mental maximum walking rhythm were used to assess new motor imagery. Their beats per minute were measured and any error (delta; ∆) from the actual rhythm was calculated: ∆ visual rhythm, ∆ auditory rhythm, ∆ mental normal gait rhythm, and ∆ mental maximal gait rhythm. RESULTS When comparing the two groups, the HA-Group had significantly higher ∆ visual rhythm, lower ∆ auditory rhythm, higher ∆ mental comfortable walking rhythm, and lower ∆ mental maximum walking rhythm ability than the LA-Group. Furthermore, in an ANCOVA with age, ∆visual rhythm, and ∆auditory rhythm as adjustment factors, the HA-Group had significantly lower ∆mental maximum walking rhythm than the LA-Group. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that the rhythmic assessment of the imagery of maximum walking was associated with stationery time. It is possible that the more inaccurate the imagery of maximum walking, the longer the sitting or lying time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Itotani
- Department of General Rehabilitation, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Yamato University, 2-5-1 Katayama-cho, Suita 564-0082, Japan
| | - Mirai Taki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Therapy, Tokuyukai Medical Corporation, Kansai Rehabilitation Hospital, 3-11-1 Sakurano-cho, Toyonaka City 560-0054, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ueno
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Therapy, Tokusyukai Medical Corporation, Suita Tokusyuukai Hospital, Senrioka-nishi 21-1, Suita 565-0814, Japan
| | - Hina Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Therapy, Seifukai Medical Corporation, Hanshin Rehabilitation Hospital, 1-59-3 Ono, Itami City 664-0003, Japan
| | - Yuta Miki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Therapy, Wafukai Medical Corporation, Senri Rehabilitation Hospital, 4-6-1 Onohara-west, Mino City 562-0032, Japan
| | - Ippei Suganuma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Oyakeyamada-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (I.S.); (S.H.); (N.O.)
| | - Shun Harada
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Oyakeyamada-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (I.S.); (S.H.); (N.O.)
| | - Noriyuki Ogawa
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Oyakeyamada-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (I.S.); (S.H.); (N.O.)
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Grabenhorst M, Poeppel D, Michalareas G. Neural signatures of temporal anticipation in human cortex represent event probability density. Nat Commun 2025; 16:2602. [PMID: 40091046 PMCID: PMC11911442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Temporal prediction is a fundamental function of neural systems. Recent results show that humans anticipate future events by calculating probability density functions, rather than hazard rates. However, direct neural evidence for this hypothesized mechanism is lacking. We recorded neural activity using magnetoencephalography as participants anticipated auditory and visual events distributed in time. We show that temporal anticipation, measured as reaction times, approximates the event probability density function, but not hazard rate. Temporal anticipation manifests as spatiotemporally patterned activity in three anatomically and functionally distinct parieto-temporal and sensorimotor cortical areas. Each of these areas revealed a marked neural signature of anticipation: Prior to sensory cues, activity in a specific frequency range of neural oscillations, spanning alpha and beta ranges, encodes the event probability density function. These neural signals predicted reaction times to imminent sensory cues. These results demonstrate that supra-modal representations of probability density across cortex underlie the anticipation of future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Grabenhorst
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - David Poeppel
- New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgios Michalareas
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Germany
- CoBIC, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Capizzi M, Gozzi A, Antenucci P, Casadei E, Romeo Z, Visalli A, Gragnaniello D, Mioni G, Pugliatti M. Time perception in cerebellar and basal ganglia stroke patients. Sci Rep 2025; 15:4948. [PMID: 39929966 PMCID: PMC11811137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-89311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying time perception remain elusive. Although the cerebellum (CE) and basal ganglia (BG) are considered fundamental, evidence primarily stems from studies on neurodegenerative diseases, where progressive and widespread damage complicates linking deficits to specific brain structures. In contrast, brain stroke affects focal areas suddenly, allowing for the assessment of immediate functional consequences. Here, we compared patients with acute stroke in the CE and BG to age-matched healthy controls (HC) on both explicit (time bisection, free and 1-second finger tapping) and implicit (rhythmic, temporal orienting) timing tasks. Concerning explicit timing, both CE and BG patients were faster than HC in their free finger tapping, while BG lesions showed greater variability than HC in the 1-second tapping. Similarly, performance on the bisection task suggested deficits more related to cognitive complaints in stroke than specific temporal dysfunction. In implicit timing tasks, BG patients, like HC, effectively used information provided by the rhythm and the temporal orienting cues to anticipate the target onset, whereas CE patients failed and showed longer reaction times. Therefore, before compensatory mechanisms can take effect, acute CE damage might hinder implicit timing, whereas BG lesions could disrupt explicit temporal representation when processed alongside other cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Ludovico Ariosto 35, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- University Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Interdistrict Health Care Department of Neurosciences, S. Anna Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara, 44124, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Capizzi
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Gozzi
- University Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Interdistrict Health Care Department of Neurosciences, S. Anna Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara, 44124, Italy
| | - Pietro Antenucci
- University Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Enrico Casadei
- Training Course in General Medicine, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Zaira Romeo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Antonino Visalli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Daniela Gragnaniello
- Neurology Unit, Interdistrict Health Care Department of Neurosciences, S. Anna Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara, 44124, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- University Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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Harada T, Mioni G, Cellini N, Yotsumoto Y. No significant relationship found between spontaneous motor tempo, heartbeat, and individual alpha frequency: an analysis of internal tempos. Sci Rep 2025; 15:2310. [PMID: 39824839 PMCID: PMC11742397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Many theories of time perception propose the existence of an internal pacemaker, and studies across behavioral, physiological, and neuroscience fields have explored this concept. Specifically, Spontaneous Motor Tempo (SMT), the most comfortable and natural tapping tempo for each individual, is thought to reflect this internal pacemaker's tempo. Changes in heart rate are also linked to time estimation, while Individual Alpha Frequency (IAF), the peak in the alpha range (8-13 Hz) observed in EEG, is reported to reflect the brain's temporal processing. Despite the associations of SMT, heart rate, and IAF with intrinsic tempo, their interrelations remain unexplored. In this pre-registered study, we measured SMT, IAF, and heart rate in 32 healthy university students aged 18-21 and examined how these variables relate to each other. During the experiment, participants sat with their eyes closed for 5 min while we recorded their EEG and heart rate. They then tapped the space key with their index finger at their most comfortable tempo, which we used to determine SMT. Participants also completed a questionnaire about their age, chronotype, and musical experience. Our results showed no significant correlations among SMT, heart rate, and IAF. Regression analysis further confirmed that SMT is not influenced by heart rate or IAF. Therefore, no significant relationships among behavioral, physiological, and neuroscience-related tempo were uncovered. Our contribution lies in measuring SMT, heart rate, and IAF within the same experimental context. All procedures, including scripts used for the analyses, were pre-registered before data collection, and we report these null results to mitigate publication bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaka Harada
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Maulitz L, Nehls S, Stickeler E, Ignatov A, Kupec T, Henn AT, Chechko N, Tchaikovski SN. Psychological characteristics and structural brain changes in women with endometriosis and endometriosis-independent chronic pelvic pain. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:2473-2484. [PMID: 39241806 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are there neurobiological changes induced by endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with endometriosis demonstrate specific neurobiological changes distinct from those in patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in the absence of endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting women of reproductive age that presents with pain and infertility often accompanied by comorbid mental disorders. Only one study with a number of limitations has investigated changes in gray matter volumes and functional connectivity in a small group of patients with endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective study recruited 53 women undergoing a laparoscopy due to suspicion of symptomatic endometriosis and 25 healthy, pain-free women. Clinical and psychological characteristics, thermal pain perception, and voxel- and surface-based morphology were assessed in all study participants. Thereafter, the patients underwent a laparoscopy, where endometriosis was either histologically confirmed and removed, or ruled out. Correspondingly, patients were assigned into the group with endometriosis (n = 27) or with endometriosis-independent CPP (n = 26) and compared to the pain-free controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study groups were generally representative for the population of women with endometriosis. Sociodemographic, medical, clinical, and psychological characteristics were collected using various questionnaires and a structured clinical interview. Thermal pain perception and voxel- and surface-based morphometry were assessed using thermode and MRI, respectively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Despite comparable pain intensity and burden of mental disorders, both patient groups demonstrated distinct neurobiological patterns. Women with endometriosis exhibited increased gray matter volume (GMV) in the left cerebellum, lingual gyrus and calcarine gyrus, compared to those with endometriosis-independent CPP. Patients with CPP had decreased GMV in the right cerebellum as compared to controls. Dysmenorrhoea severity correlated positively with GMV in the left inferior parietal lobule, whereas depressive symptoms were associated with decreased GMV in the right superior medial gyrus across patient groups. Dyspareunia correlated negatively with cortical thickness in the left inferior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study groups differed in a few baseline-characteristics, including educational levels, smoking and BMI. While measuring pain perception thresholds, we did not attempt to mimic CPP by placement of the thermode on the abdominal wall. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Changes in gray matter volume associated with endometriosis differ from those observed in women with endometriosis-independent CPP. Our results underline an involvement of the cerebellum in pain perception and the pathogenesis of pain associated with endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by the START Program of the Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Germany, and supported by the International Research Training Group (IRTG 2150) of the German Research Foundation (DFG)-269953372/GRK2150, Germany. S.T. was supported by postdoctoral fellowship of the Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Germany. There are no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00021236.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maulitz
- University Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department for Medical Education, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Nehls
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - E Stickeler
- University Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Ignatov
- University Clinic for Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T Kupec
- University Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A T Henn
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Chechko
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - S N Tchaikovski
- University Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- University Clinic for Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- University Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Brandenburg Medical School, Brandenburg, Germany
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7
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Duecker K, Doelling KB, Breska A, Coffey EBJ, Sivarao DV, Zoefel B. Challenges and Approaches in the Study of Neural Entrainment. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1234242024. [PMID: 39358026 PMCID: PMC11450538 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1234-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
When exposed to rhythmic stimulation, the human brain displays rhythmic activity across sensory modalities and regions. Given the ubiquity of this phenomenon, how sensory rhythms are transformed into neural rhythms remains surprisingly inconclusive. An influential model posits that endogenous oscillations entrain to external rhythms, thereby encoding environmental dynamics and shaping perception. However, research on neural entrainment faces multiple challenges, from ambiguous definitions to methodological difficulties when endogenous oscillations need to be identified and disentangled from other stimulus-related mechanisms that can lead to similar phase-locked responses. Yet, recent years have seen novel approaches to overcome these challenges, including computational modeling, insights from dynamical systems theory, sophisticated stimulus designs, and study of neuropsychological impairments. This review outlines key challenges in neural entrainment research, delineates state-of-the-art approaches, and integrates findings from human and animal neurophysiology to provide a broad perspective on the usefulness, validity, and constraints of oscillatory models in brain-environment interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Duecker
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Keith B Doelling
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, AP-HP, Inserm, Fondation Pour l'Audition, Institut de l'Audition, IHU reConnect, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Assaf Breska
- Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Benedikt Zoefel
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549 CNRS - Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse F-31052, France
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Gladhill K, Kock RD, Zhou W, Joiner W, Wiener M. Mechanically Induced Motor Tremors Disrupt the Perception of Time. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0013-24.2024. [PMID: 39227153 PMCID: PMC11412164 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0013-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemporary research has begun to show a strong relationship between movements and the perception of time. More specifically, concurrent movements serve to both bias and enhance time estimates. To explain these effects, we recently proposed a mechanism by which movements provide a secondary channel for estimating duration that is combined optimally with sensory estimates. However, a critical test of this framework is that by introducing "noise" into movements, sensory estimates of time should similarly become noisier. To accomplish this, we had human participants move a robotic arm while estimating intervals of time in either auditory or visual modalities (n = 24, ea.). Crucially, we introduced an artificial "tremor" in the arm while subjects were moving, that varied across three levels of amplitude (1-3 N) or frequency (4-12 Hz). The results of both experiments revealed that increasing the frequency of the tremor led to noisier estimates of duration. Further, the effect of noise varied with the base precision of the interval, such that a naturally less precise timing (i.e., visual) was more influenced by the tremor than a naturally more precise modality (i.e., auditory). To explain these findings, we fit the data with a recently developed drift-diffusion model of perceptual decision-making, in which the momentary, within-trial variance was allowed to vary across conditions. Here, we found that the model could recapitulate the observed findings, further supporting the theory that movements influence perception directly. Overall, our findings support the proposed framework, and demonstrate the utility of inducing motor noise via artificial tremors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose De Kock
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Wilsaan Joiner
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
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9
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Milovanović A, Westenberger A, Stanković I, Tamaš O, Branković M, Marjanović A, Laabs BH, Brand M, Rajalingam R, Marras C, Lohmann K, Branković V, Novaković I, Petrović I, Svetel M, Klein C, Kostić VS, Dragašević-Mišković N. ANO10-Related Spinocerebellar Ataxia: MDSGene Systematic Literature Review and a Romani Case Series. Mov Disord 2024; 39:887-892. [PMID: 38469933 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic pathogenic variants in the ANO10 gene cause autosomal recessive progressive ataxia (ATX-ANO10). METHODS Following the MDSGene protocol, we systematically investigated genotype-phenotype relationships in ATX-ANO10 based on the clinical and genetic data from 82 published and 12 newly identified patients. RESULTS Most patients (>80%) had loss-of-function (LOF) variants. The most common variant was c.1150_1151del, found in all 29 patients of Romani ancestry, who had a 14-year earlier mean age at onset than patients homozygous for other LOF variants. We identified previously undescribed clinical features of ATX-ANO10 (e.g., facial muscle involvement and strabismus) suggesting the involvement of brainstem pathology, and we propose a diagnostic algorithm that may aid clinical ATX-ANO10 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The early disease onset in patients with c.1150_1151del may indicate the existence of genetic/environmental disease-modifying factors in the Romani population. Our findings will inform patient counseling and may improve our understanding of the disease mechanism. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andona Milovanović
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Iva Stanković
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Tamaš
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Branković
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Marjanović
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Max Brand
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rajasumi Rajalingam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Connie Marras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vesna Branković
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novaković
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Petrović
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Svetel
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vladimir S Kostić
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Dragašević-Mišković
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mittal J, Juneja KK, Saumya S, Shukla A. A matter of time: how musical training affects time perception. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1364504. [PMID: 38741788 PMCID: PMC11089211 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1364504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Musical training has been linked to changes in early attentional and perceptual processing. Thus, such an altered attentional and perceptual processing has enabled musicians to judge the duration differently than non-musicians. Although these claims seem intriguing, there are many questions that are not addressed yet, for example, how would the performance of musically-trained differ from that of untrained on visual and auditory temporal judgments? Is there any advantage to musically-trained person in temporal processing? To understand these questions, we thus conducted a series of Auditory and Visual Temporal Bisection Tasks on 32 musically-trained and 32 musically-untrained participants. We hypothesized that if music training modulates general sensitivity to temporal dimensions, then the temporal judgments of musically-trained participants would differ from those of untrained participants in both visual and auditory tasks. Each participant performed a total of 140 trials (70 visual and 70 auditory) in two different blocks. For each participant, a Point of Subjective Equality (PSE) was obtained for visual and auditory conditions. The findings revealed a significant modality effect on time perception, with auditory stimuli being consistently overestimated compared to visual stimuli. Surprisingly, the musically-trained group exhibited a tendency to underestimate duration relative to the musically-untrained participants. Although these results may appear counterintuitive at first glance, a detailed analysis indicates that the length of musical training plays a significant role in modulating temporal processing within the musically-trained group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anuj Shukla
- Thapar School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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11
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de Lafuente V, Jazayeri M, Merchant H, García-Garibay O, Cadena-Valencia J, Malagón AM. Keeping time and rhythm by internal simulation of sensory stimuli and behavioral actions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh8185. [PMID: 38198556 PMCID: PMC10780886 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Effective behavior often requires synchronizing our actions with changes in the environment. Rhythmic changes in the environment are easy to predict, and we can readily time our actions to them. Yet, how the brain encodes and maintains rhythms is not known. Here, we trained primates to internally maintain rhythms of different tempos and performed large-scale recordings of neuronal activity across the sensory-motor hierarchy. Results show that maintaining rhythms engages multiple brain areas, including visual, parietal, premotor, prefrontal, and hippocampal regions. Each recorded area displayed oscillations in firing rates and oscillations in broadband local field potential power that reflected the temporal and spatial characteristics of an internal metronome, which flexibly encoded fast, medium, and slow tempos. The presence of widespread metronome-related activity, in the absence of stimuli and motor activity, suggests that internal simulation of stimuli and actions underlies timekeeping and rhythm maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor de Lafuente
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO 76230, México
| | - Mehrdad Jazayeri
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO 76230, México
| | - Otto García-Garibay
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO 76230, México
| | - Jaime Cadena-Valencia
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO 76230, México
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center—Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ana M. Malagón
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, QRO 76230, México
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12
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Ordás CM, Alonso-Frech F. The neural basis of somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold as a paradigm for time processing in the sub-second range: An updated review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105486. [PMID: 38040074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The temporal aspect of somesthesia is a feature of any somatosensory process and a pre-requisite for the elaboration of proper behavior. Time processing in the milliseconds range is crucial for most of behaviors in everyday life. The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) is the ability to perceive two successive stimuli as separate in time, and deals with time processing in this temporal range. Herein, we focus on the physiology of STDT, on a background of the anatomophysiology of somesthesia and the neurobiological substrates of timing. METHODS A review of the literature through PubMed & Cochrane databases until March 2023 was performed with inclusion and exclusion criteria following PRISMA recommendations. RESULTS 1151 abstracts were identified. 4 duplicate records were discarded before screening. 957 abstracts were excluded because of redundancy, less relevant content or not English-written. 4 were added after revision. Eventually, 194 articles were included. CONCLUSIONS STDT encoding relies on intracortical inhibitory S1 function and is modulated by the basal ganglia-thalamic-cortical interplay through circuits involving the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and probably the superior colliculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ordás
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Alonso-Frech
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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13
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Tanaka M, Kameda M, Okada KI. Temporal Information Processing in the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1455:95-116. [PMID: 38918348 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60183-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Temporal information processing in the range of a few hundred milliseconds to seconds involves the cerebellum and basal ganglia. In this chapter, we present recent studies on nonhuman primates. In the studies presented in the first half of the chapter, monkeys were trained to make eye movements when a certain amount of time had elapsed since the onset of the visual cue (time production task). The animals had to report time lapses ranging from several hundred milliseconds to a few seconds based on the color of the fixation point. In this task, the saccade latency varied with the time length to be measured and showed stochastic variability from one trial to the other. Trial-to-trial variability under the same conditions correlated well with pupil diameter and the preparatory activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei and the motor thalamus. Inactivation of these brain regions delayed saccades when asked to report subsecond intervals. These results suggest that the internal state, which changes with each trial, may cause fluctuations in cerebellar neuronal activity, thereby producing variations in self-timing. When measuring different time intervals, the preparatory activity in the cerebellum always begins approximately 500 ms before movements, regardless of the length of the time interval being measured. However, the preparatory activity in the striatum persists throughout the mandatory delay period, which can be up to 2 s, with different rate of increasing activity. Furthermore, in the striatum, the visual response and low-frequency oscillatory activity immediately before time measurement were altered by the length of the intended time interval. These results indicate that the state of the network, including the striatum, changes with the intended timing, which lead to different time courses of preparatory activity. Thus, the basal ganglia appear to be responsible for measuring time in the range of several hundred milliseconds to seconds, whereas the cerebellum is responsible for regulating self-timing variability in the subsecond range. The second half of this chapter presents studies related to periodic timing. During eye movements synchronized with alternating targets at regular intervals, different neurons in the cerebellar nuclei exhibit activity related to movement timing, predicted stimulus timing, and the temporal error of synchronization. Among these, the activity associated with target appearance is particularly enhanced during synchronized movements and may represent an internal model of the temporal structure of stimulus sequence. We also considered neural mechanism underlying the perception of periodic timing in the absence of movement. During perception of rhythm, we predict the timing of the next stimulus and focus our attention on that moment. In the missing oddball paradigm, the subjects had to detect the omission of a regularly repeated stimulus. When employed in humans, the results show that the fastest temporal limit for predicting each stimulus timing is about 0.25 s (4 Hz). In monkeys performing this task, neurons in the cerebellar nuclei, striatum, and motor thalamus exhibit periodic activity, with different time courses depending on the brain region. Since electrical stimulation or inactivation of recording sites changes the reaction time to stimulus omission, these neuronal activities must be involved in periodic temporal processing. Future research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of rhythm perception, which appears to be processed by both cortico-cerebellar and cortico-basal ganglia pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kameda
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Okada
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Capizzi M, Chica AB, Lupiáñez J, Charras P. Attention to space and time: Independent or interactive systems? A narrative review. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:2030-2048. [PMID: 37407793 PMCID: PMC10728255 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
While there is ample evidence for the ability to selectively attend to where in space and when in time a relevant event might occur, it remains poorly understood whether spatial and temporal attention operate independently or interactively to optimize behavior. To elucidate this important issue, we provide a narrative review of the literature investigating the relationship between the two. The studies were organized based on the attentional manipulation employed (endogenous vs. exogenous) and the type of task (detection vs. discrimination). Although the reviewed findings depict a complex scenario, three aspects appear particularly important in promoting independent or interactive effects of spatial and temporal attention: task demands, attentional manipulation, and their combination. Overall, the present review provides key insights into the relationship between spatial and temporal attention and identifies some critical gaps that need to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Capizzi
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana B Chica
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Lupiáñez
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pom Charras
- Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000, Montpellier, France
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15
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Heynckes M, Hoffmann K, Formisano E, De Martino F, De Weerd P. Predictability awareness rather than mere predictability enhances the perceptual benefits for targets in auditory rhythms over targets following temporal cues. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284755. [PMID: 37889894 PMCID: PMC10610080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sounds following a cue or embedded in a periodic rhythm are processed more effectively than sounds that are part of an aperiodic rhythm. One might also expect that a sound embedded in a periodic rhythm is processed more effectively than a sound following a single temporal cue. Such a finding would follow the theory that the entrainment of neural rhythmic activity by periodic stimuli renders the prediction of upcoming stimuli more efficient. We conducted a psychophysical experiment in which we tested the behavioral elements of this idea. Targets in periodic and aperiodic rhythms, if they occurred, always appeared at the same moment in time, and thus were fully predictable. In a first condition, participants remained unaware of this. In a second condition, an explicit instruction on the temporal location of the targets embedded in rhythms was provided. We assessed sensitivity and reaction times to the target stimuli in a difficult temporal detection task, and contrasted performance in this task to that obtained for targets temporally cued by a single preceding cue. Irrespective of explicit information about target predictability, target detection performance was always better in the periodic and temporal cue conditions, compared to the aperiodic condition. However, we found that the mere predictability of an acoustic target within a periodic rhythm did not allow participants to detect the target any better than in a condition where the target's timing was predicted by a single temporal cue. Only when participants were made aware of the specific moment in the periodic rhythm where the target could occur, did sensitivity increase. This finding suggests that a periodic rhythm is not automatically sufficient to provide perceptual benefits compared to a condition predictable yet not rhythmic condition (a cue). In some conditions, as shown here, these benefits may only occur in interaction with other factors such as explicit instruction and directed attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Heynckes
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Hoffmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elia Formisano
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Federico De Martino
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Weerd
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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16
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Oliveira ABD, Anderle P, Goulart BNGD. Association between self-perceived hearing status and cognitive impairment in the older Brazilian population: a population-based study. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:2653-2663. [PMID: 37672454 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023289.17452022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive health plays an important role in the quality of life and autonomy of older adults. and it is influenced by hearing ability. This article aims to analyze the association between self-perceived hearing status and cognitive impairment in Brazilian older adults. This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 4,977 older adults who participated in ELSI Brazil 2015. The cognitive impairment status (outcome. categorized as "yes" and "no") and variable of interest (self-perceived hearing status. categorized as "good" "fair" and "poor") were obtained using a self-report method. The following domains were considered for cognition: temporal orientation. memory (short and long term). and language (recent and late). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to assess the self-perceived hearing status-cognitive impairment association in the crude and adjusted analyses. Sociodemographic. lifestyle. and medical history variables were used to adjust the analyses. We found that 31.8% of the participants reported fair or poor hearing and 42% had cognitive impairment. In the adjusted analysis. older adults with poor hearing were revealed to have a stronger association with cognitive impairment than their peers with good hearing. Therefore. in older Brazilian adults. lower self-perceived hearing status is associated higher levels of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bayer de Oliveira
- Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Paulo Gama 110, Farroupilha. 90040-060 Porto Alegre RS.
| | - Paula Anderle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre RS Brasil
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17
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Kameda M, Niikawa K, Uematsu A, Tanaka M. Sensory and motor representations of internalized rhythms in the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221641120. [PMID: 37276394 PMCID: PMC10268275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221641120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the cerebellum and basal ganglia are involved in rhythm processing, but their specific roles remain unclear. During rhythm perception, these areas may be processing purely sensory information, or they may be involved in motor preparation, as periodic stimuli often induce synchronized movements. Previous studies have shown that neurons in the cerebellar dentate nucleus and the caudate nucleus exhibit periodic activity when the animals prepare to respond to the random omission of regularly repeated visual stimuli. To detect stimulus omission, the animals need to learn the stimulus tempo and predict the timing of the next stimulus. The present study demonstrates that neuronal activity in the cerebellum is modulated by the location of the repeated stimulus and that in the striatum (STR) by the direction of planned movement. However, in both brain regions, neuronal activity during movement and the effect of electrical stimulation immediately before stimulus omission were largely dependent on the direction of movement. These results suggest that, during rhythm processing, the cerebellum is involved in multiple stages from sensory prediction to motor control, while the STR consistently plays a role in motor preparation. Thus, internalized rhythms without movement are maintained as periodic neuronal activity, with the cerebellum and STR preferring sensory and motor representations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kameda
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo060-8638, Japan
| | - Koichiro Niikawa
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo060-8638, Japan
| | - Akiko Uematsu
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo060-8638, Japan
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18
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Capizzi M, Martín-Signes M, Coull JT, Chica AB, Charras P. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study on the role of the left intraparietal sulcus in temporal orienting of attention. Neuropsychologia 2023; 184:108561. [PMID: 37031951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive behavior requires the ability to orient attention to the moment in time at which a relevant event is likely to occur. Temporal orienting of attention has been consistently associated with activation of the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in prior fMRI studies. However, a direct test of its causal involvement in temporal orienting is still lacking. The present study tackled this issue by transiently perturbing left IPS activity with either online (Experiment 1) or offline (Experiment 2) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In both experiments, participants performed a temporal orienting task, alternating between blocks in which a temporal cue predicted when a subsequent target would appear and blocks in which a neutral cue provided no information about target timing. In Experiment 1 we used an online TMS protocol, aiming to interfere specifically with cue-related temporal processes, whereas in Experiment 2 we employed an offline protocol whereby participants performed the temporal orienting task before and after receiving TMS. The right IPS and/or the vertex were stimulated as active control regions. While results replicated the canonical pattern of temporal orienting effects on reaction time, with faster responses for temporal than neutral trials, these effects were not modulated by TMS over the left IPS (as compared to the right IPS and/or vertex regions) regardless of the online or offline protocol used. Overall, these findings challenge the causal role of the left IPS in temporal orienting of attention inviting further research on its underlying neural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Capizzi
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Mar Martín-Signes
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jennifer T Coull
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Ana B Chica
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Pom Charras
- Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000, Montpellier, France
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19
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Wagner I, Schütz AC. Interaction of dynamic error signals in saccade adaptation. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:717-732. [PMID: 36791071 PMCID: PMC10027077 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00419.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor adaptation maintains movement accuracy. To evaluate movement accuracy, motor adaptation relies on an error signal, generated by the movement target, while suppressing error signals from irrelevant objects in the vicinity. Previous work used static testing environments, where all information required to evaluate movement accuracy was available simultaneously. Using saccadic eye movements as a model for motor adaptation, we tested how movement accuracy is maintained in dynamic environments, where the availability of conflicting error signals varied over time. Participants made a vertical saccade toward a target (either a small square or a large ring). Upon saccade detection, two candidate stimuli were shown left and right of the target, and participants were instructed to discriminate a feature on one of the candidates. Critically, candidate stimuli were presented sequentially, and saccade adaptation, thus, had to resolve a conflict between a task-relevant and a task-irrelevant error signal that were separated in space and time. We found that the saccade target influenced several aspects of oculomotor learning. In presence of a small target, saccade adaptation evaluated movement accuracy based on the first available error signal after the saccade, irrespective of its task relevance. However, a large target not only allowed for greater flexibility when evaluating movement accuracy, but it also promoted a stronger contribution of strategic behavior when compensating inaccurate saccades. Our results demonstrate how motor adaptation maintains movement accuracy in dynamic environments, and how properties of the visual environment modulate the relative contribution of different learning processes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor adaptation is typically studied in static environments, where all information that is required to evaluate movement accuracy is available simultaneously. Here, using saccadic eye movements as a model, we studied motor adaptation in a dynamic environment, where the availability of conflicting information about movement accuracy varied over time. We demonstrate that properties of the visual environment determine how dynamic movement errors are corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Wagner
- AG Allgemeine und Biologische Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander C Schütz
- AG Allgemeine und Biologische Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg, Germany
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20
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Greene AN, Nguyen ET, Paranjpe A, Lane A, Privette Vinnedge LM, Solomon MB. In silico gene expression and pathway analysis of DEK in the human brain across the lifespan. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4720-4743. [PMID: 35972263 PMCID: PMC9730547 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DEK, a chromatin-remodelling phosphoprotein, is associated with various functions and biological pathways in the periphery, including inflammation, oncogenesis, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. We recently identified an association between DEK loss and central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's. To understand DEK's potential role in disease, it is critical to characterize DEK in healthy human brain to distinguish between neural DEK expression and function in healthy versus diseased states like dementia. We utilized two public databases, BrainCloud and Human Brain Transcriptome, and analysed DEK mRNA expression across the lifespan in learning and memory relevant brain regions. Since DEK loss induces phenotypes associated with brain ageing (e.g., DNA damage and apoptosis), we hypothesized that neural DEK expression may be highest during foetal development and lower in elderly individuals. In agreement with this hypothesis, DEK was most prominently expressed during foetal development in all queried forebrain areas, relative to other ages. Consistent with its roles in the periphery, pathways related to DEK in the brain were associated with cellular proliferation, DNA replication and repair, apoptosis, and inflammation. We also found novel neural development-relevant pathways (e.g., synaptic transmission, neurite outgrowth, and myelination) to be enriched from genes correlated with DEK expression. These findings suggest that DEK is important for human brain development. Overall, we highlight age-related changes in neural DEK expression across the human lifespan and illuminate novel biological pathways associated with DEK that are distinct from normal brain ageing. These findings may further our understanding of how DEK impacts brain function and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie N. Greene
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA 45267
| | | | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Matia B. Solomon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA 45267
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
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21
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Neural signals regulating motor synchronization in the primate deep cerebellar nuclei. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2504. [PMID: 35523898 PMCID: PMC9076601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Movements synchronized with external rhythms are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Despite the involvement of the cerebellum, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In monkeys performing synchronized saccades to periodically alternating visual stimuli, we found that neuronal activity in the cerebellar dentate nucleus correlated with the timing of the next saccade and the current temporal error. One-third of the neurons were active regardless of saccade direction and showed greater activity for synchronized than for reactive saccades. During the transition from reactive to predictive saccades in each trial, the activity of these neurons coincided with target onset, representing an internal model of rhythmic structure rather than a specific motor command. The behavioural changes induced by electrical stimulation were explained by activating different groups of neurons at various strengths, suggesting that the lateral cerebellum contains multiple functional modules for the acquisition of internal rhythms, predictive motor control, and error detection during synchronized movements.
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22
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Yao F, Zhou B, Zhuang Y, Wang X. Immediate Temporal Information Modulates the Target Identification in the Attentional Blink. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020278. [PMID: 35204041 PMCID: PMC8870607 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that learned temporal information can be exploited to help facilitate the target identification in the attentional blink task. Here, we tested whether similar exploitation also worked on short-term temporal information, even when it did not reliably predict the target onset. In two experiments, we randomly manipulated either the interval between targets (T1 and T2; Experiment 1) or the temporal regularity of stimulus presentation (Experiment 2) in each trial. The results revealed evidence of effects of immediate temporal experience mainly on T2 performances but also occasionally on T1 performances. In general, the accuracy of T2 was enhanced when a longer inter-target interval was explicitly processed in the preceding trial (Experiment 1) or the temporal regularity, regardless of being explicitly or implicitly processed, was present in the stimulus stream, especially after T1 (Experiment 2). These results suggest that, under high temporal uncertainty, both interval and rhythmic cues can still be exploited to regulate the allocation of processing resources, thus, modulating the target identification in the attentional blink task, consistent with the view of flexible attentional allocation, and further highlighting the importance of the interplay between temporal processing and attentional control in the conscious visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangshu Yao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yiyun Zhuang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (X.W.)
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Mendez MF. The neurologist who could not stop rhyming and rapping. Neurocase 2022; 28:77-83. [PMID: 35067191 PMCID: PMC9064902 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2027455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
.A neurologist, at age 55, developed an irrepressible urge to rhyme after a series of strokes and seizures. His strokes included right posterior cerebellar and right thalamic infarctions, and his subsequent focal-onset seizures emanated from the left frontotemporal region. On recovery, he described the emergence of an irresistible urge to rhyme, even in thought and daily speech. His pronounced focus on rhyming led him to actively participate in freestyle rap and improvisation. This patient's rhyming and rapping may have been initially facilitated by epileptiform activation of word sound associations but perpetuated as compensation for impaired cerebellar effects on timed anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA); Neurology Service, Neurobehavior Unit, V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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