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Wang C, Li C, Zhang R, Huang L. Macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles for the treatment of infectious diseases. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042003. [PMID: 38740051 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad4aaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases severely threaten human health, and traditional treatment techniques face multiple limitations. As an important component of immune cells, macrophages display unique biological properties, such as biocompatibility, immunocompatibility, targeting specificity, and immunoregulatory activity, and play a critical role in protecting the body against infections. The macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles not only maintain the functions of the inner nanoparticles but also inherit the characteristics of macrophages, making them excellent tools for improving drug delivery and therapeutic implications in infectious diseases (IDs). In this review, we describe the characteristics and functions of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles and their advantages and challenges in ID therapy. We first summarize the pathological features of IDs, providing insight into how to fight them. Next, we focus on the classification, characteristics, and preparation of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles. Finally, we comprehensively describe the progress of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in combating IDs, including drug delivery, inhibition and killing of pathogens, and immune modulation. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyu Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ouyang X, Wang X, Li P, Huang Q, Zhou L, Li J, Gao L, Sun Q, Chai F, Guo S, Zhou Z, Liu X, Dai L, Cheng W, Ren H. Bacterial effector restricts liquid-liquid phase separation of ZPR1 to antagonize host UPR ER. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112700. [PMID: 37379216 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
How pathogens manipulate host UPRER to mediate immune evasion is largely unknown. Here, we identify the host zinc finger protein ZPR1 as an interacting partner of the enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) effector NleE using proximity-enabled protein crosslinking. We show that ZPR1 assembles via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro and regulates CHOP-mediated UPRER at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, in vitro studies show that the ZPR1 binding ability with K63-ubiquitin chains, which promotes LLPS of ZPR1, is disrupted by NleE. Further analyses indicate that EPEC restricts host UPRER pathways at the transcription level in a NleE-ZPR1 cascade-dependent manner. Together, our study reveals the mechanism by which EPEC interferes with CHOP-UPRER via regulating ZPR1 to help pathogens escape host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ouyang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingxiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fangni Chai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shupan Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Blood leukocyte transcriptional modules and differentially expressed genes associated with disease severity and age in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:898. [PMID: 36650374 PMCID: PMC9844197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the molecular mechanisms determining COVID-19 severity are not yet well understood, there is a demand for biomarkers derived from comparative transcriptome analyses of mild and severe cases, combined with patients' clinico-demographic and laboratory data. Here the transcriptomic response of human leukocytes to SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated by focusing on the differences between mild and severe cases and between age subgroups (younger and older adults). Three transcriptional modules correlated with these traits were functionally characterized, as well as 23 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated to disease severity. One module, correlated with severe cases and older patients, had an overrepresentation of genes involved in innate immune response and in neutrophil activation, whereas two other modules, correlated with disease severity and younger patients, harbored genes involved in the innate immune response to viral infections, and in the regulation of this response. This transcriptomic mechanism could be related to the better outcome observed in younger COVID-19 patients. The DEGs, all hyper-expressed in the group of severe cases, were mostly involved in neutrophil activation and in the p53 pathway, therefore related to inflammation and lymphopenia. These biomarkers may be useful for getting a better stratification of risk factors in COVID-19.
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Li P, Li J, Ren H. Capture and mass spectrometry analysis of effector-substrate complexes using genetically incorporated photo-crosslinkers in host cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101882. [PMID: 36595886 PMCID: PMC9700014 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between effectors and their host targets are often weak or transient, making them difficult to identify. We describe a protocol for covalent capture of effector substrates in living cells using genetic code expansion technology. The effector-substrate complexes are captured by the crosslinker and subsequently purified with tandem chromatography. We detail steps for mass spectrum analysis and substrate verification. While the steps here are specific for substrates of enteropathogenic E. coli in HEK293T cells, the protocol has broader applications. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Corresponding author
| | - Jingxiang Li
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Corresponding author
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China,Corresponding author
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Homodimerized cytoplasmic domain of PD-L1 regulates its complex glycosylation in living cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:887. [PMID: 36042378 PMCID: PMC9427764 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether membrane-anchored PD-L1 homodimerizes in living cells is controversial. The biological significance of the homodimer waits to be expeditiously explored. However, characterization of the membrane-anchored full-length PD-L1 homodimer is challenging, and unconventional approaches are needed. By using genetically incorporated crosslinkers, we showed that full length PD-L1 forms homodimers and tetramers in living cells. Importantly, the homodimerized intracellular domains of PD-L1 play critical roles in its complex glycosylation. Further analysis identified three key arginine residues in the intracellular domain of PD-L1 as the regulating unit. In the PD-L1/PD-L1-3RE homodimer, mutations result in a decrease in the membrane abundance and an increase in the Golgi of wild-type PD-L1. Notably, PD-1 binding to abnormally glycosylated PD-L1 on cancer cells was attenuated, and subsequent T-cell induced toxicity increased. Collectively, our study demonstrated that PD-L1 indeed forms homodimers in cells, and the homodimers play important roles in PD-L1 complex glycosylation and T-cell mediated toxicity. Membrane-anchored PD-L1 homodimerizes in cells. N-glycosylation of PD-L1 regulates its homodimerization. The formation of PD-L1 homodimers further regulates their glycan processing, localization to the plasma membrane, and binding to PD-1.
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