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Hare MM, Wohlgemuth KJ, Blue MNM, Mota JA. Reliability and Validity of Muscle Size and Quality Analysis Techniques. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:1188-1193. [PMID: 38697896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated reliability and validity of muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity using an automatic image analysis program. METHODS Twenty-two participants completed two data collection trials consisting of ultrasound imaging of the vastus lateralis (VL) at 10 and 12 MHz. Images were analyzed manually and with Deep Anatomical Cross-Sectional Area (DeepACSA). Reliability statistics (i.e., intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] model 2,1, standard error of measure expressed as a percentage of the mean [SEM%], minimal differences [MD] values needed to be considered real) and validity statistics (i.e., constant error [CE], total error [TE], standard error of the estimate [SEE]) were calculated. RESULTS Automatic analyses of ACSA and EI demonstrated good reliability (10 MHz: ICC2,1 = 0.83 - 0.90; 12 MHz: ICC2,1 = 0.87-0.88), while manual analyses demonstrated moderate to excellent reliability (10 MHz: ICC2,1 = 0.82-0.99; 12 MHz: ICC2,1 = 0.73-0.99). Automatic analyses of ACSA presented greater error at 10 (CE = -0.76 cm2, TE = 4.94 cm2, SEE = 3.65 cm2) than 12 MHz (CE = 0.17 cm2, TE = 3.44 cm2, SEE = 3.11 cm2). Analyses of EI presented greater error at 10 (CE = 3.35 a.u., TE = 2.70 a.u., SEE = 2.58 a.u.) than at 12 MHz (CE = 3.21 a.u., TE = 2.61 a.u., SEE = 2.34 a.u.). CONCLUSION The results suggest the DeepACSA program may be less reliable compared to manual analysis for VL ACSA but displayed similar reliability for EI. In addition, the results demonstrated the automatic program had low error for 10 and 12 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie M Hare
- Neuromuscular and Occupational Performance Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kealey J Wohlgemuth
- Neuromuscular and Occupational Performance Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Malia N M Blue
- Health Exercise and Lifestyle Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacob A Mota
- Neuromuscular and Occupational Performance Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Russell A, Choi B, Robinson D, Penailillo L, Earp JE. Acute and Chronic Effects of Static Stretching on Intramuscular Hamstring Stiffness. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14670. [PMID: 38856021 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Passive hamstring stiffness varies proximo-distally, resulting in inhomogeneous tissue strain during stretching that may affect localized adaptations and risk of muscle injuries. The purpose of the present study was to determine the acute and chronic effects of static stretching (SS) on intramuscular hamstring stiffness. Thirty healthy active participants had acute changes in passive biceps femoris (BF), semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus (ST) stiffness measured at 25% (proximal), 50% (middle), and 75% (distal) muscle length, using shear-wave elastography, immediately after SS. Participants then completed 4 weeks of either a SS intervention (n = 15) or no intervention (CON, n = 15) with stiffness measured before and after the interventions. The acute and chronic effects of SS were compared between anatomical regions and between regions on the basis of their relative stiffness pre-intervention. Acutely, SS decreased stiffness throughout the BF and SM (p ≤ 0.05) but not the ST (p = 0.326). However, a regional effect of stretching was observed for SM and ST with greater reduction in stiffness occurring in stiffer muscular regions (p = 0.001-0.013). Chronically, SS increased BF and ST (p < 0.05), but not SM (p = 0.422) stiffness compared with CON, but no regional effect of stretching was observed in any muscle (p = 0.361-0.833). SS resulted in contrasting acute and chronic effects, acutely decreasing stiffness in stiffer regions while chronically increasing stiffness. These results indicate that the acute effects of SS vary along the muscle's length on the basis of the relative stiffness of the muscle and that acute changes in stiffness from SS are unrelated to chronic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Russell
- Sports Optimization & Rehabilitation Lab, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin Choi
- Sports Optimization & Rehabilitation Lab, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Davina Robinson
- Sports Optimization & Rehabilitation Lab, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luis Penailillo
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jacob E Earp
- Sports Optimization & Rehabilitation Lab, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Hjaltadóttir AÞ, Hafsteinsson D, Árnason Á, Briem K. Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging of proximal and distal hamstrings cross sectional area in individuals with history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:487-493. [PMID: 36263941 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2135980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound (US) imaging is used by physical therapists for diagnosis and assessment of musculoskeletal injury and follow-up. PURPOSE The aim was to identify long-term effects of graft harvesting on hamstrings muscle mass among athletes who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS Twenty-eight participants (ages 18-55) were recruited: 18 with history of ACLR using semitendinosus (ST) autograft and 10 healthy controls. Images of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of ST and biceps femoris (BF) were captured at 30% and 70% of the distance from the ischial tuberosity to the popliteal crease. A mixed model ANOVA was used to identify inter-limb differences in the CSA of ST and BF at each location, for each group. RESULTS Inter-limb differences were found for the CSA of ST but not BF across both locations for the ACLR group, not controls (p < .001). Within the ACLR group, ST atrophy of the injured limb was relatively greater at the distal vs. proximal location (p < .001). CONCLUSION US imaging identified selective atrophy of ST on the injured side with no compensatory hypertrophy of BF. Specific rehabilitation may influence muscle mass of medial vs. lateral hamstrings muscle groups after ACLR using a ST graft, and monitored with US imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Þórey Hjaltadóttir
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 2, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Physiotherapy Garðabær, Garðaflöt 16-18, 210 Garðabær, Iceland
- Department of orthopaedics, Landspitali University Hospital, Fossvogur, 103 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Daði Hafsteinsson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 2, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Gáski Physiotherapy, Bolholt 8, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Árni Árnason
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 2, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Gáski Physiotherapy, Bolholt 8, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristín Briem
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 2, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
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Sørensen B, Aagaard P, Hjortshøj MH, Hansen SK, Suetta C, Couppé C, Magnusson SP, Johannsen FE. Physiological and clinical effects of low-intensity blood-flow restricted resistance exercise compared to standard rehabilitation in adults with knee osteoarthritis-Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295666. [PMID: 38096198 PMCID: PMC10721028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease with high socioeconomical costs. In Denmark, standard rehabilitation (SR) consists of a combination of patient education and supervised physical exercise involving a standardized neuromuscular training program. As an evidence-based alternative, high-load (>70% 1RM) resistance training (HIRT) has shown positive rehabilitation effects in knee-OA but may not be tolerated in all patients (~25%) due to knee joint pain. However, low-load resistance training (20-40% 1RM) with concurrent partial blood-flow restriction (BFR) appears to produce effects similar to HIRT yet involving reduced joint pain during and after exercise. The aim is to examine the effect of low-load BFR training compared to SR on pain, thigh muscle mass and muscle function in adults with knee-OA. We hypothesize that 12 weeks of BFR will lead to superior improvements in pain, muscle mass and mechanical muscle function compared to SR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 90 participants diagnosed with radiographic knee-OA will be randomized to either BFR or SR twice a week for 12 weeks. BFR will consist of two selected lower limb strength exercises performed with an inflated pneumatic occlusion cuff. Intervention procedures in SR consist of a full 8 weeks GLA:D course followed by 4 weeks of team group training. Primary outcome variable is the change in KOOS-Pain subscale from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary outcome variables are changes in pain sensitivity, functional performance, muscle mass and mechanical muscle function. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted. One-way analysis of variance will be performed to evaluate between-group changes. Pre-to-post intervention comparisons will be analyzed using a mixed linear model. Regression analysis will be performed to evaluate potential associations between selected outcome variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sørensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Department of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H. Hjortshøj
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Department of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Centre for Health and Rehabilitation, University College Absalon, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sofie K. Hansen
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Department of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Department of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Finn E. Johannsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
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Cadeo GM, Fujita RA, Villalba MM, Silva NRS, Júnior CI, Pearcey GEP, Gomes MM. Myoelectric activity and improvements in strength and hypertrophy are unaffected by the ankle position during prone leg curl exercise - a within person randomized trial. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2200-2209. [PMID: 37194431 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2214794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effect of ankle position (i.e. gastrocnemius muscle length) on training outcomes during leg curl exercise, we recruited untrained and trained healthy adults to participate in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, we studied the acute influence of ankle position on knee flexor myoelectric (EMG) activity during leg curl exercise in a group of trained and a separate group of untrained adults. In Experiment 2, we studied the effects of ankle position on knee flexors muscle thickness and torque across a 10-week training protocol in trained adults. We hypothesized that leg curl exercise with the ankle in a plantarflexed position would enhance EMG activity, muscular strength, and hamstrings muscle thickness. We randomized the legs within a person to perform leg curl exercise with one in a plantarflexed position and the other in a dorsiflexed position. Experiment 1 revealed no significant differences between ankle positions in the EMG activity of hamstring muscle in either group (all p > 0.05). Experiment 2 revealed a significant pre- to post-intervention increase in biceps femoris long head (BFLH) muscle thickness (p = 0.026) and isometric torque (p = 0.03), but there were no significant effects of the ankle position (p = 0.596) or interaction between ankle position and timepoint for these variables (p = 0.420). In sum, the ankle position did not have acute effects on hamstrings EMG activity, nor did it affect strength and hypertrophy adaptations after 10-weeks of leg curl exercise training. Interestingly, however, the limb which performed leg curl exercise in a dorsiflexed position performed a higher total training volume.Highlights Different ankle positions (i.e. dorsiflexion or plantarflexion) do not affect hamstrings EMG activity during prone leg curl exercise.Different ankle positions show similar adaptation in strength and hypertrophy of biceps femoris long head after 10 weeks of training.Training in the plantarflexed position may be useful for time-constrained individuals, allowing similar training adaptations with smaller training volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Cadeo
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Fujita
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marina M Villalba
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nilson R S Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudinei Iossi Júnior
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gregory E P Pearcey
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Matheus M Gomes
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
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Crawford SK, Kliethermes SA, Heiderscheit BC, Bashford GR. Influence of ultrasound machine settings on quantitative measures derived from spatial frequency analysis of muscle tissue. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:664. [PMID: 37608370 PMCID: PMC10463672 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound is a powerful tool for diagnostic purposes and provides insight into both normal and pathologic tissue structure. Spatial frequency analysis (SFA) methods characterize musculoskeletal tissue organization from ultrasound images. Both sonographers in clinical imaging and researchers may alter a minimized range of ultrasound settings to optimize image quality, and it is important to know how these small adjustments of these settings affect SFA parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of making small adjustments in a typical default ultrasound machine setting on extracted spatial frequency parameters (peak spatial frequency radius (PSFR), Mmax, Mmax%, and Sum) in the biceps femoris muscle. METHODS Longitudinal B-mode images were collected from the biceps femoris muscle in 36 participants. The window depth, foci locations, and gain were systematically adjusted consistent with clinical imaging procedures for a total of 27 images per participant. Images were analyzed by identifying a region of interest (ROI) in the middle portion of the muscle belly in a template image and using a normalized two-dimensional cross-correlation technique between the template image and subsequent images. The ROI was analyzed in the frequency domain using conventional SFA methods. Separate linear mixed effects models were run for each extracted parameter. RESULTS PSFR was affected by modifications in focus location only (p < 0.001) with differences noted between all locations. Mmax% was influenced by the interaction of gain and focus location (p < 0.001) but was also independently affected by increasing window depth (p < 0.001). Both Mmax and Sum parameters were sensitive to small changes in machine settings with the interaction of focus location and window depth (p < 0.001 for both parameters) as well as window depth and gain (p < 0.001 for both) influencing the extracted values. CONCLUSIONS Frequently adjusted imaging settings influence some SFA statistics. PSFR and Mmax% appear to be most robust to small changes in image settings, making them best suited for comparison across individuals and between studies, which is appealing for the clinical utility of the SFA method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Crawford
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Kliethermes
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Badger Athletic Performance Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryan C Heiderscheit
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Badger Athletic Performance Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg R Bashford
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Henkin JS, Rosa DD, Morelle AM, Caleffi M, Pinto SS, Pinto RS. Exercise volume load in women with breast cancer: Study protocol for the ABRACE randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 31:101053. [PMID: 36589863 PMCID: PMC9798137 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increased number of breast cancer patients are challenged by acute and persistent treatment side effects. Oncology guidelines have been establishing physical exercise to counteract several treatment-related toxicities throughout cancer care. However, evidence regarding the optimal dose-response, feasibility, and the minimal resistance exercise volume and/or intensity remains unclear. The ABRACE Study will assess the impact of different resistance training volumes (i.e., single or multiple sets) combined with aerobic exercise on physical and psychological outcomes of breast cancer patients undergoing primary treatment. Methods This study is a randomized, controlled, three-armed parallel trial. A total of 84 participants, aged ≥18 years, with breast cancer stages I-III, initiating adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (≤50% of sessions completed) will be randomized to multiple sets resistance training plus aerobic training group, single set resistance training plus aerobic training group or control group. Neuromuscular and cancer-related fatigue (primary outcomes), muscle strength, muscle thickness, muscle quality by echo intensity, body composition, cardiorespiratory capacity, functional performance, upper-body endurance and quality of life will be measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Our analysis will follow the intention-to-treat approach and per-protocol criteria, with additional sub-group analysis. Discussion Findings support prescribing exercise during chemotherapy for breast cancer and elucidate the potential role of different resistance training volumes as a management strategy for physical and psychological impairments in women with early-stage breast cancer. Our main hypothesis is for superiority in physical and psychological outcomes for both training groups compared to the control group, with no difference between single or multiple sets groups. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT03314168.
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Key Words
- 1-RM, one-repetition maximum
- 3-RM, three-repetition maximum
- ABRACE, Adaptations to Breast Cancer and Exercise
- Breast neoplasms
- CG, control group
- Combined training
- DXA, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- EI, echo intensity
- ES, effect size
- Fatigue
- ITT, intent-to-treat analysis
- MQ, muscle quality
- MT, muscle thickness
- PP, per-protocol analysis
- Physical exercise
- QF, quadriceps
- QoL, quality of life
- RF, rectus femoris
- SM + AT, multiple sets resistance training plus aerobic training
- SS + AT, single set resistance training plus aerobic training
- Strength training
- VL, vastus lateralis
- VM, vastus medialis
- VT, vastus intermedius
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Affiliation(s)
- João Saldanha Henkin
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dornelles Rosa
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Breast Unit, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department, Oncology Unit, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Maira Caleffi
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Breast Unit, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Santanna Pinto
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zabaleta-Korta A, Fernández-Peña E, Torres-Unda J, Garbisu-Hualde A, Santos-Concejero J. Response to: Letter to the editor concerning the article "The role of exercise selection in regional muscle hypertrophy: A randomized controlled trial" by Zabaleta-Korta et al. (2021). J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1158-1159. [PMID: 35291926 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2052596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Zabaleta-Korta
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eneko Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Torres-Unda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Garbisu-Hualde
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jordan Santos-Concejero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Abiko T, Ohmae K, Murata S, Shiraiwa K, Horie J. Reliability of muscle thickness and echo intensity measurements of the quadriceps: A novice examiner. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 31:164-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Prushansky T, Kaplan-Gadasi L, Friedman J. The relationship between thoracic posture and ultrasound echo intensity of muscles spanning this region in healthy men and women. Physiother Theory Pract 2022; 39:1257-1265. [PMID: 35125048 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2034076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle echogenicity intensity (EI) is considered a measure of muscle quality, being associated with old age and pathologies. Whether EI variations can be identified in healthy adults, due to habitual shortened or elongated muscle position is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relationship between thoracic kyphosis angulation and EI scores of muscles spanning this region ((Lower Trapezius (LT), Rhomboid Major (RM), Erector Spine (ES)) in healthy young people and in addition to examine the relationship between the change in thoracic kyphosis angle from relaxed to upright position (∆°) and the EI of these muscles. METHODS Thoracic kyphosis in relaxed and erect standing was measured using a digital inclinometer in 29 healthy adults (16 women, 13 men), aged 25-35 years. The thoracic kyphosis angles including the difference between relaxed and erect postures (∆°) were correlated to the EI scores of right and left LT, RM and ES. RESULTS No significant differences in EI were found between the 3 muscles EI or between sides, hence they were pooled together to a total thoracic EI score (TTEI). Although the TTEI did not correlate with relaxed or erect thoracic kyphosis, it was significantly but negatively correlated with ∆° in the entire group: Pearson's correlation coefficient of r = -0.544; p = .01 and in men; r = -0.732; p = .01, failing to reach significance in women; r = -0.457. CONCLUSION The negative association between the EI of the explored muscles and ∆° could imply a possible relationship between these muscles range of movement excursions and their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Prushansky
- Department of Physical Therapy, the Stanley Stayer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lihi Kaplan-Gadasi
- Department of Physical Therapy, the Stanley Stayer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jason Friedman
- Department of Physical Therapy, the Stanley Stayer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Bradley KM, Bunn JA, Feito Y, Myers BJ. Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Size, Power, and V̇O2max in Active Adults. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Leitão BFM, Franchi MV, da Matta TT. Letter to the editor concerning the article "The role of exercise selection in regional Muscle Hypertrophy: A randomized controlled trial" by Zabaleta-Korta et al. (2021). J Sports Sci 2021; 40:655-657. [PMID: 34930094 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2013596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago Torres da Matta
- Laboratório de Biomecânica Muscular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Karapınar M, Atilla Ayyıldız V, Ünal M, Fırat T. Ultrasound imaging of quadriceps muscle in patients with knee osteoarthritis: The test-retest and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of echo intensity measurement. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2021; 56:102453. [PMID: 34507044 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echo intensity(EI) on ultrasonography images of skeletal muscle reflects muscle composition. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of the study was to investigate the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of EI using grayscale histogram analysis of the cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris(QF) muscle in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA). The secondary aim of the study was to determine the concurrent validity of the Free Hand Tool(FHT) when compared to Rectangular Marquee Tool(RMT) for calculating the region of interest(ROI) in ImageJ. METHODS This study included thirty patients with KOA. Echogenicity of the QF muscle were performed by two different raters. The reliability analysis was applied using intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC), standard error of measurement(SEM) and coefficient of variation(CV). Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated for assessing concurrent validity of the FHT to RMT. The Bland-Altman plots was used to show disagreement between tools. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for differences in assessments between test/retest sessions, raters, tools. RESULTS The inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the EI using FHT and RMT was found to be excellent (ICCFHT = 0.91-0.95, 0.98-0.99, ICCRMT = 0.91-0.98, 0.91-0.99,respectively). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a slight bias when region ROI calculations were collected from RMT or FHT (bias ranging from 2.75 to-2.40 a. u). There were no significant differences between test/retest sessions, raters and tools(p > 0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient showed excellent correlation between tools used for echogenicity assessment of QF muscle(p < 0.001). CONCLUSION EI assessment using ultrasonography in the QF muscle showed excellent reliability. Evaluating muscle echogenicity using both FHT and RMT appears to be reliable and validity for monitoring muscle changes due to KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Karapınar
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Veysel Atilla Ayyıldız
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Meriç Ünal
- Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Tüzün Fırat
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zabaleta-Korta A, Fernández-Peña E, Torres-Unda J, Garbisu-Hualde A, Santos-Concejero J. The role of exercise selection in regional Muscle Hypertrophy: A randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2298-2304. [PMID: 34743671 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1929736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence suggesting that muscle growth is not homogeneous through the muscle. The aim of the present study was to analyse the role of exercise selection in regional hypertrophy. Two randomly allocated groups with equal training volume and intensity performed squats in the smith machine (SMTH group) or the leg extension exercise (LEG group). Growth in proximal, central and distal regions of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles, jump height and body composition were analysed. Results show that the three regions of RF grew significantly in the participants of the LEG group (p < 0.05), while only the central region of VL grew significantly in the SMTH group (p < 0.05). In summary, this study confirms that exercise selection plays a role in regional hypertrophy. Whilst there may be still other factors that determine how muscles grow, it seems that the chosen exercises may be responsible of the differences observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Zabaleta-Korta
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eneko Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Torres-Unda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Garbisu-Hualde
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jordan Santos-Concejero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Noboa K, Keller J, Hergenrader K, Housh T, Anders JP, Neltner T, Schmidt R, Johnson G. Men Exhibit Greater Pain Pressure Thresholds and Times to Task Failure but Not Performance Fatigability Following Self-Paced Exercise. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:2326-2345. [PMID: 34313524 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211035028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine if, and to what extent, sex differences in performance fatigability after a sustained, bilateral leg extension, anchored to a moderate rating of perceived exertion (RPE), could be attributed to muscle size, muscular strength, or pain pressure threshold (PPT) in young, healthy adults. Thirty adults (men: n = 15, women: n = 15) volunteered to complete a sustained leg extension task anchored to RPE = 5 (10-point OMNI scale) as well as pretest and posttest maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) trials. The fatigue-induced decline in MVIC force was defined as performance fatigability. We used muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) to quantify muscle size and a dolorimeter to assess PPT. The sustained task induced fatigue such that both men and women exhibited significant (p < 0.05) decreases in MVIC force from pretest to posttest (M = 113.3, SD =24.2 kg vs. M = 98.3, SD = 23.1 kg and M = 73.1, SD =14.5 kg vs. M = 64.1, SD = 16.2 kg, respectively), with no significant sex differences in performance fatigability (grand M = 12.6, SD =10.6%). Men, however, exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) longer time to task failure (TTF) than women (M = 166.1, SD =83.0 seconds vs. M = 94.6, SD =41.7) as well as greater PPT (M = 5.9, SD = 2.2 kg vs. M = 3.4, SD =1.1 kg). The only significant predictor of performance fatigability was PPT. In conclusion, differences in PPT, at least in part, mediate variations in TTF during self-paced exercise anchored to a specific RPE and resulting in performance fatigability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Noboa
- Performance and Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, College of Education, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Joshua Keller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, United States
| | - Kipp Hergenrader
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, United States
| | - Terry Housh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, United States
| | - John Paul Anders
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, United States
| | - Tyler Neltner
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, United States
| | - Richard Schmidt
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, United States
| | - Glen Johnson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, United States
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Merrigan JJ, Jones MT, Malecek J, Padecky J, Omcirk D, Xu N, Peñailillo L, Tufano JJ. Comparison of Traditional and Rest-Redistribution Sets on Indirect Markers of Muscle Damage Following Eccentric Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1810-1818. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Crawford SK, Lee KS, Bashford GR, Heiderscheit BC. Intra-session and inter-rater reliability of spatial frequency analysis methods in skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235924. [PMID: 32649705 PMCID: PMC7351217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial frequency analysis (SFA) is a quantitative ultrasound (US) method originally developed to assess intratendinous tissue structure. This method may also be advantageous in assessing other musculoskeletal tissues. Although SFA has been shown to be a reliable assessment strategy in tendon tissue, its reliability in muscle has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of spatial frequency parameter measurement for a large muscle group within a healthy population. Ten participants with no history of lower extremity surgery or hamstring strain injury volunteered. Longitudinal B-mode images were collected in three different locations across the hamstring muscles. Following a short rest, the entire imaging procedure was repeated. B-mode images were processed by manually drawing a region of interest (ROI) about the entire muscle thickness. Four spatial frequency parameters of interest were extracted from the image ROIs. Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of extracted SFA parameters were performed. Test-retest reliability of the image acquisition procedure was assessed between repeat trials. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed high intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC(3,1) > 0.9 for all parameters) and good to moderate test-retest reliability (ICC(3,1) > 0.50) between trials. No differences in parameter values were observed between trials across all muscles and locations (p > 0.05). The high reliability metrics suggest that SFA will be useful for future studies assessing muscle tissue structure, and may have value in assessing muscular adaptations following injury and during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Crawford
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenneth S. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Greg R. Bashford
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Bryan C. Heiderscheit
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Bilateral Comparisons of Quadriceps Thickness after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56070335. [PMID: 32635259 PMCID: PMC7404692 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56070335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often results in quadricep atrophy. The purpose of this study was to compare the bilateral thickness of each quadricep component before and after ACLR. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study design. In 14 patients who underwent ACLR, bilateral quadricep muscle thicknesses were measured using a portable ultrasound device, 1 h before and 48–72 h after ACLR. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare muscle thickness pre- and post-ACLR between the limbs. Results: The primary finding was that the vastus intermedius (VI) muscle was significantly smaller in the reconstructed limb after ACLR compared to that in the healthy limb (Reconstructed limb; RCL = Pre-operated (PRE): 19.89 ± 6.91 mm, Post-operated(POST): 16.04 ± 6.13 mm, Healthy limb; HL = PRE: 22.88 ± 6.07, POST: 20.90 ± 5.78 mm, F = 9.325, p = 0.009, η2p = 0.418). Conclusions: The results represent a selective surgical influence on the quadricep muscle thickness. These findings highlight the need of advanced strengthening exercises in order to restore VI thickness after ACLR.
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19
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Acute Effects of Open Kinetic Chain Exercise Versus Those of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise on Quadriceps Muscle Thickness in Healthy Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134669. [PMID: 32610511 PMCID: PMC7369757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare immediate changes in the thickness of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius (VI), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscles after open kinetic chain exercise (OKCE) and closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) and identify the effect of both exercise types on each quadricep muscle for early rehabilitation to prevent knee joint injury. Twenty-six healthy participants (13 males and 13 females) were randomly divided into the OKCE (n = 13) and CKCE (n = 13) groups. The thickness of their quadriceps muscles was measured using a portable ultrasonic imaging device before and after exercise in the sequence RF, VI, VL, VM, and VMO. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the thickness of each component of the quadriceps muscles between the two groups. The thickness of the RF, VL, VM, and VMO muscles increased after OKCE, and the thickness of the VI muscle showed the greatest increase with a medium–large effect size (F = 8.52, p = 0.01, and d = 0.53). The thickness of the VI, VL, VM, and VMO muscles increased after CKCE, and the VMO muscle had the largest effect size (F = 11.71, p = 0.00, and d = 1.02). These results indicate that the thickness of the quadriceps muscles can be selectively improved depending on the type of exercise.
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20
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Lanferdini FJ, Manganelli BF, Lopez P, Klein KD, Cadore EL, Vaz MA. Echo Intensity Reliability for the Analysis of Different Muscle Areas in Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 33:3353-3360. [PMID: 31765345 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lanferdini, FJ, Manganelli, BF, Lopez, P, Klein, KD, Cadore, EL, and Vaz, MA. Echo intensity reliability for the analysis of different muscle areas in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3353-3360, 2019-Skeletal muscles' echo intensity (EI) is used as a parameter to evaluate muscle damage and muscle quality after exercise or training. However, recent muscle EI studies have used regions of interest (ROIs) of different sizes for assessing muscle damage and muscle quality, which may lead to different results if the different ROIs from the same muscle are not reliable. Although a maximum rectangular ROI (RET-ROI), included in the muscles' anatomical cross-sectional area, can be used to represent the maximum muscle ROI (MAX-ROI), no studies were found that investigated the reliability of the evaluations of different ROIs for the EI of superficial vs. deep muscles of the thigh. In addition, no studies have evaluated different ROIs in cyclists, at different days and analyzed by different raters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the EI reliability of rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscles of cyclists. Twenty cyclists visited the laboratory 4 times for the evaluation of RF and VI muscles transversal ultrasound images. Echo intensity was determined from grayscale mean values by 2 examiners who performed the analysis with 3 different ROIs: MAX-ROI, RET-ROI, and 1-cm ROI (1CM-ROI). The between-ROI EI data reliability showed a strong correlation in both RF (r ≥ 0.79) and VI (r ≥ 0.87) muscles. Bland-Altman tests demonstrated high agreement among RF ROI muscle areas (p > 0.05), with no agreement between the VI areas (p < 0.05). Only the RF muscle MAX-ROI, RET-ROI, and 1CM-ROI areas are similar for EI analysis, with no similarities for the same VI muscle areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio J Lanferdini
- Laboratory of Exercise Research, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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21
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Ruas CV, Pinto RS, Haff GG, Lima CD, Brown LE. Effects of Different Combinations of Concentric and Eccentric Resistance Training Programs on Traditional and Alternative Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratios. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E221. [PMID: 31614760 PMCID: PMC6835643 DOI: 10.3390/sports7100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training is often recommended for combined increases in traditional and alternative hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratios in order to reduce knee strength imbalance and associated hamstrings and knee ligament injury risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentric and eccentric resistance training programs on traditional and alternative H:Q ratios. Forty male volunteers were assigned to one of 4 groups: concentric quadriceps and concentric hamstrings (CON/CON, n = 10), eccentric quadriceps and eccentric hamstrings (ECC/ECC, n = 10), concentric quadriceps and eccentric hamstrings (CON/ECC, n = 10), or no training (control (CNTRL), n = 10). Traditional conventional (CR) and functional (FR), alternative rate of torque development (RTD), muscle size (MS), and muscle activation (MA) H:Q ratios were measured before and after six weeks of unilateral nondominant knee extension-flexion resistance training performed on an isokinetic dynamometer. The ECC/ECC training significantly increased FR (pre = 0.75 ± 0.11; post = 0.85 ± 0.15), whereas the lack of training (CNTRL) decreased the RTD H:Q ratio (pre = 1.10 ± 0.67; post = 0.73 ± 0.33). There were no differences between groups for the other traditional and alternative ratios following resistance training protocols. These findings suggest eccentric exercise for quadriceps and hamstrings as the most beneficial training program for inducing increases in the traditional FR. However, different resistance training strategies may be needed to also elicit increases in the alternative RTD, MS, and MA H:Q ratios for fully restoring muscle balance and reducing potential hamstrings and knee ligament injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio V Ruas
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physioteraphy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo 750, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil.
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physioteraphy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo 750, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil.
| | - Guy G Haff
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
| | - Camila D Lima
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
| | - Lee E Brown
- Center for Sport Performance and Human Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA.
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22
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Rabello R, Fröhlich M, Bueno AF, Marcolino MAZ, De Bona Bernardi T, Sbruzzi G, Aurélio Vaz M. Echo intensity reliability between two rectus femoris probe sites. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2019; 27:233-240. [PMID: 31762472 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x19853859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The ultrasound technique has been extensively used to measure echo intensity, with the goal of measuring muscle quality, muscle damage, or to detect neuromuscular disorders. However, it is not clear how reliable the technique is when comparing different days, raters, and analysts, or if the reliability is affected by the muscle site where the image is obtained from. The goal of this study was to compare the intra-rater, inter-rater, and inter-analyst reliability of ultrasound measurements obtained from two different sites at the rectus femoris muscle. Methods Muscle echo intensity was quantified from ultrasound images acquired at 50% [RF50] and at 70% [RF70] of the thigh length in 32 healthy subjects. Results Echo intensity values were higher (p = 0.0001) at RF50 (61.08 ± 12.04) compared to RF70 (57.32 ± 12.58). Reliability was high in both RF50 and RF70 for all comparisons: intra-rater (ICC = 0.89 and 0.94), inter-rater (ICC = 0.89 and 0.89), and inter-analyst (ICC = 0.98 and 0.99), respectively. However, there were differences (p < 0.05) between raters and analysts when obtaining/analyzing echo intensity values in both rectus femoris sites. Conclusions The differences in echo intensity values between positions suggest that rectus femoris's structure is not homogeneous, and therefore measurements from different muscle regions should not be used interchangeably. Both sites showed a high reliability, meaning that the measure is accurate if performed by the same experienced rater in different days, if performed by different experienced raters in the same day, and if analyzed by different well-trained analysts, regardless of the evaluated muscle site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rabello
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matias Fröhlich
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Felicio Bueno
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Miriam Allein Zago Marcolino
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thainá De Bona Bernardi
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graciele Sbruzzi
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Salvi M, Caresio C, Meiburger KM, De Santi B, Molinari F, Minetto MA. Transverse Muscle Ultrasound Analysis (TRAMA): Robust and Accurate Segmentation of Muscle Cross-Sectional Area. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:672-683. [PMID: 30638696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonography allows non-invasive and real time-measurement of the visible cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscles, which is a clinically relevant descriptor of muscle size. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a fully automatic method called transverse muscle ultrasound analysis (TRAMA) for segmentation of the muscle in B-mode transverse ultrasound images and measurement of muscle CSA. TRAMA was tested on a database of 200 ultrasound images of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles. The automatic CSA measurements were compared with manual measurements obtained by two operators. There were no statistical differences between the automatic and manual measurements of CSA of the four muscles, and TRAMA performance was comparable to intra-operator variability in terms of the Dice similarity coefficient and Hausdorff distance between the automatic and manual segmentations. Compared with manual segmentation, the Dice similarity coefficient for the proposed method was always higher than 93%; the Hausdorff distance never exceeded 4 mm, and the maximum absolute error was 62 mm2. TRAMA is the first automated algorithm that analyzes and segments ultrasound scans of the muscle in the transverse plane. It can be adopted in future studies for automatic segmentation of muscle regions of interest to enhance and automatize a multitexture analysis of muscle structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Salvi
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristina Caresio
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kristen M Meiburger
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Bruno De Santi
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandro Minetto
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Sarafraz H, Hadian MR, Ayoobi Yazdi N, Olyaei G, Bagheri H, Jalaie S, Rasouli O. Test-retest reliability of nerve and muscle morphometric characteristics utilizing ultrasound imaging in individuals with unilateral sciatica and controls. Chiropr Man Therap 2018; 26:47. [PMID: 30410724 PMCID: PMC6219045 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-018-0215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound imaging has been suggested for studying the structure and function of nerves and muscles; however, reliability studies are limited to support the usage. The main aim of this study was to explore the intrarater within-session reliability of evaluating the sciatic nerve and some related muscles morphology by ultrasound imaging. Methods Three B-mode images from two scans (transverse and longitudinal) were acquired from the multifidus, biceps femoris, soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles bilaterally from 15 participants with sciatica and 15 controls in one session, 1-h apart. The data were collected from March to July 2017. Contraction ratio was measured only by longitudinal scan, while the echo intensity was measured using maximum rectangular region of interest in two scans (transverse and longitudinal) for all muscles. Cross-sectional area, direct (tracing) and indirect (ellipsoid formula) methods were used to measure the sciatic nerve. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,1), standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were calculated. Results Good to high ICCs (0.80–0.96) were found for muscle contraction ratio in the longitudinal scans in all the muscles in both sciatica and control groups. For echo intensity measurements ICCs ranged from moderate to high, with higher ICCs seen with the maximum region of interest in the transverse scans. The minimal detectable change values ranged between 0.11 and 0.53 cm for contraction ratio. Conclusions Ultrasound imaging has high intrarater within-session reliability for assessing the sciatic nerve Cross-sectional area and muscle contraction ratios. Transverse scans with the maximum region of interest result in higher reliability. The sciatic Cross-sectional area is most accurately measured utilizing the direct tracing method rather than the indirect ellipsoid method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sarafraz
- 1Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hadian
- 3Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS, IC-TUMS), Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Ayoobi Yazdi
- 4Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (ADIR) research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Olyaei
- 5Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- 5Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Jalaie
- 6Biostatistics, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Rasouli
- 7Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Silva CRDS, Costa ADS, Rocha T, de Lima DAM, do Nascimento T, de Moraes SRA. Quadriceps muscle architecture ultrasonography of individuals with type 2 diabetes: Reliability and applicability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205724. [PMID: 30335818 PMCID: PMC6193658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle architecture parameters performed using ultrasound serve as an aid to monitor muscle changes derived from diseases, however there are no studies that determine the reliability and applicability of this evaluation in individuals with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Three raters captured three images of measurements of thickness of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius and anterior quadriceps, RF muscle cross-sectional area, RF pennation angle in 17 individuals with DM2 above 50 and sedentary. Intra and inter-raters analysis showed reliability from high to very high for the three raters (ICC> 0.87), except for the RF pennation angle with moderate to low intra-raters (ICC = 0.58, 0.48, 0.51), and high inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.70). Ultrasound measurements of quadriceps muscles showed high to very high intra and inter-raters reliability, thus allowing its use to monitor muscle changes provoked by diabetes or interventions in individuals with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Rodrigues de Souza Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Taciano Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil
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Tomko PM, Muddle TW, Magrini MA, Colquhoun RJ, Luera MJ, Jenkins ND. Reliability and differences in quadriceps femoris muscle morphology using ultrasonography: The effects of body position and rest time. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2018; 26:214-221. [PMID: 30479636 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x18780127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this investigation was to: (1) to determine the reliability of rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity obtained using panoramic ultrasound imaging during seated and supine lying positions before and after a 5-minute rest period and (2) to determine the influence of body position and rest period on the magnitude of rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity measurements. Methods A total of 23 males and females (age = 21.5 ± 1.9 years) visited the laboratory on two separate occasions. During each visit, panoramic ultrasound images of the rectus femoris were obtained in both a seated and a supine position before (T1) and after a 5-minute (T2) rest period to quantify any potential changes in either muscle cross-sectional area and/or echo intensity. Results None of the muscle cross-sectional area or echo intensity measurements exhibited systematic variability, and the ICCs were 0.98-0.99 and 0.88-0.91, and the coefficients of variation were ≤ 3.9% and ≤ 8.2% for muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity, respectively. Our results indicated that muscle cross-sectional area was greater in the seated than supine position, whereas echo intensity was greater in the supine position. Further, echo intensity increased in the seated position from T1 to T2. Conclusion Both rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity may be reliably measured in either a seated or supine lying position before or after a 5-minute rest period. Aside from echo intensity in the seated position, rest period had no influence on the magnitude of muscle cross-sectional area or echo intensity. Comparison of muscle cross-sectional area values that are obtained in different body positions is ill-advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Tomko
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, USA
| | - Tyler Wd Muddle
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, USA
| | - Mitchel A Magrini
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, USA
| | - Ryan J Colquhoun
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, USA
| | - Micheal J Luera
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, USA
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Santos R, Valamatos MJ, Mil-Homens P, Armada-da-Silva PAS. Muscle thickness and echo-intensity changes of the quadriceps femoris muscle during a strength training program. Radiography (Lond) 2018; 24:e75-e84. [PMID: 30292517 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultrasound (US) has an important role in musculoskeletal (MSK) evaluation, allowing the study of muscle morphology and function. Muscle thickness (MT) and muscle echo-intensity (EI) are two important parameters that may quantify muscle structural adaptations to a variety of stimuli. The aim was to explore the potential of quantitative US imaging for assessing the adaptations and responses of the muscle tissue to increased contractile activity using B-mode US. This study was centred on the quadriceps femoris muscle contractile activity on MT and EI. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-eight young male adults participated in the study, divided in a control group and two training groups performing concentric or eccentric strength training, respectively. The effect of a 15-week strength program was studied on MT and EI in several regions of the heads of the quadriceps femoris using B-mode US. All images acquisitions and measurements were done by the same experience sonographer. RESULTS Strength training resulted in an increase of MT at all muscles and sites (p < 0.05), except the VM. Strength training failed in changing EI in most of the quadriceps femoris, except in the VI and some regions of the VL. No statistically significant differences were observed in our quantitative US parameters between concentric and eccentric training (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These results emphasise the value of MT as a quantifiable muscle US method for evaluating muscle adaptation to exercise training. However, the inconsistency of the EI values indicates that more studies are needed to develop it as an accurate diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santos
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Estrada da Costa 1499-002, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde de Coimbra, Departamento Imagem Médica e Radioterapia, Rua 5 de Outubro, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - M J Valamatos
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Estrada da Costa 1499-002, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Centro para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Estrada da Costa 1499-002, Portugal
| | - P Mil-Homens
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Estrada da Costa 1499-002, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Centro para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Estrada da Costa 1499-002, Portugal
| | - P A S Armada-da-Silva
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Estrada da Costa 1499-002, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Centro para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Estrada da Costa 1499-002, Portugal
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