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Angelucci S, Antonucci A, Di Tana F, Innocenti M, Di Domenico G, Madonna L, Smoglica C, Di Francesco CE, López-Olvera JR. Welfare and Clinical Assessment on Physical Captures Followed by Anesthesia in Apennine Chamois ( Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030460. [PMID: 36766349 PMCID: PMC9913293 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apennine chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata) is one of the rarest subspecies in Italy, listed in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive and currently included as a vulnerable subspecies in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The Maiella National Park population has recently been defined as a source population for reintroduction into other parks. Since collective captures allow for better selection of target animals for the establishment of new colonies, the aim of this study is to evaluate the physiological conditions and animal welfare in free-ranging Apennine chamois after collective physical capture followed by chemical immobilization with medetomidine 0.054 mg ± 0.007, ketamine 2.14 mg ± 0.28, and acepromazine 0.043 mg ± 0.006. Twenty-one Apennine chamois (18 females and 3 males) were captured and translocated for conservation purposes. The effects of capture and anesthesia were evaluated using clinical variables, hematology, serum biochemistry, and venous blood gas analysis, the latter being used in the field for the first time in chamois capture. A risk of metabolic acidosis and capture myopathy was identified, although it did not compromise the survival of 19 chamois, which adapted to novel environments and founded new colonies, as verified through GPS radiocollars. The protocol applied in this study represents an innovative approach to assessing animal physiology and welfare in collective mountain ungulate captures, useful for improving management activities for conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Angelucci
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3402543119
| | - Antonio Antonucci
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Di Tana
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Marco Innocenti
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | | | - Luca Madonna
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Camilla Smoglica
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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A PRELIMINARY STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAYS IN ANESTHETIZED BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS) LAMBS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:537-544. [DOI: 10.1638/2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Wagler BL, Smiley RA, Courtemanch AB, Anderson G, Lutz D, McWhirter D, Brimeyer D, Hnilicka P, Massing CP, German DW, Stephenson TR, Monteith KL. Effects of helicopter net‐gunning on survival of bighorn sheep. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Wagler
- Haub School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming 804 E Fremont Street Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Rachel A. Smiley
- Haub School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming 804 E Fremont Street Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | | | - Gregory Anderson
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department 260 Buena Vista Drive Lander WY 82520 USA
| | - Daryl Lutz
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department 260 Buena Vista Drive Lander WY 82520 USA
| | - Doug McWhirter
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department 420 N Cache Street Jackson WY 83001 USA
| | - Doug Brimeyer
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department 5400 Bishop Boulevard Cheyenne WY 82006 USA
| | - Patrick Hnilicka
- US Fish and Wildlife Service 170 N First Street Lander WY 82520 USA
| | - Cody P. Massing
- Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 787 N Main Street, Suite 220, Bishop CA 93514 USA
| | - David W. German
- Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 787 N Main Street, Suite 220, Bishop CA 93514 USA
| | - Thomas R. Stephenson
- Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 787 N Main Street, Suite 220, Bishop CA 93514 USA
| | - Kevin L. Monteith
- Haub School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming 804 E Fremont Street Laramie WY 82071 USA
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Robstad CA, Lodberg-Holm HK, Mayer M, Rosell F. The impact of bio-logging on body weight change of the Eurasian beaver. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261453. [PMID: 34941892 PMCID: PMC8699976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-logging is a common method to collect ecological data on wild animals, but might also induce stress, reduce body condition, and alter behavior. Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) are a semi-aquatic and nocturnal species that are challenging to observe in the wild. Bio-loggers are hence useful tools to study their behaviour and movements, but this raises concerns of potential negative impacts of tagging. To investigate the potential negative impacts of glue-on tags, we compared body weight change for tagged and untagged Eurasian beavers. We hypothesized that tagged beavers would gain less body weight compared to untagged beavers, and that weight change might be affected by tagging length, tag weight, water temperature and the season of tagging. Daily percentage body weight change in relation to initial body weight during the first capture was compared during 57 tagging periods (18±7 days) and 32 controls periods (64±47 days). Body weight change varied between the two groups, with untagged beavers on average gaining daily weight whilst tagged beavers on average lost weight daily, indicating a negative effect of tagging. The average reduction in percentage body weight change per day for tagged beavers was small (0.1 ± 0.3%), and with large individual variation. Neither tag weight, number of tagging days, nor season were important in explaining body weight change of tagged animals. In other words, we found that tagging reduced daily body weight during the tagging period but were unable to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for this decline. Detrimental effects of tagging have important implications for animal welfare and can introduce bias in data that are collected. This calls for careful consideration in the use of tags. We conclude that studies investigating the effects of tagging should consider individual variation in the effects of tagging and, where possible, compare tagged animals with a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Andre Robstad
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Notodden, Norway
| | - Hanna Kavli Lodberg-Holm
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Notodden, Norway
| | - Martin Mayer
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Notodden, Norway
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark
| | - Frank Rosell
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Notodden, Norway
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Ungerfeld R, Viera MN, Freitas-de-Melo A, Giriboni J, Casuriaga D, Silveira P. Seasonality of the stress response in goat bucks when there is use of electroejaculation for semen collection. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 226:106719. [PMID: 33592529 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Electroejaculation (EE) is frequently used to collect semen, but this procedure is both stressful and painful. In seasonal-breeding species the sensitivity to stressors might vary with season of the year when semen collection occurs, therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the responses when imposing the EE procedure, stress response to EE and fresh semen characteristics in goat bucks throughout the year. Semen was collected using EE from goat bucks once in autumn (mid-breeding season), winter (transition to the non-breeding season), spring (non-breeding season), and summer (beginning of the breeding season). The number of pulses applied during ejaculation was larger in the autumn and spring than winter and summer months. The number of vocalizations/pulse while bucks were ejaculating was greater in the summer than winter and spring months. The increase in heart rate was greater in spring than summer months. Cortisol concentration was least in the autumn, and concentration of creatine kinase (CK) was greatest in summer. Sperm mass motility was greater in autumn than spring months. Spermatozoa concentration, total number of spermatozoa ejaculated, motile spermatozoa ejaculated, and progressively motile spermatozoa were greater in the autumn and spring than in the winter and summer months. The bucks were less stressed by imposing EE procedures in the autumn, and buck responses were greater in the spring-summer period. Bucks had a greater incremental increase in serum CK and number of vocalizations in the summer months, indicating there was a greater muscular damage and quite likely pain associated with lesser semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - María Noel Viera
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Aline Freitas-de-Melo
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julia Giriboni
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Casuriaga
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Silveira
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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ORAL HALOPERIDOL PREMEDICATION TO REDUCE CAPTURE STRESS PRIOR TO XYLAZINE-KETAMINE ANESTHESIA IN CAPTIVE SPOTTED DEER ( AXIS AXIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2020; 51:88-95. [PMID: 32212550 DOI: 10.1638/2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of haloperidol premedication prior to xylazine-ketamine anesthesia with a goal of reducing capture stress in adult male captive spotted deer (Axis axis). On the morning of the study, deer were fed a banana either containing haloperidol tablets (1 mg/kg) (haloperidol group, n = 10) or without haloperidol (placebo group, n = 10). Six hours postadministration, xylazine (3 mg/kg) and ketamine (2 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly via a dart. Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and SpO2 (percent hemoglobin saturation) were recorded at 5-min intervals. Blood gas analysis was performed at time 0 (venous blood) and 10 and 20 min (arterial blood) postinduction. Serum cortisol was determined from venous blood (35 min postinduction), following which yohimbine was administered at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg intramuscular and 0.15 mg/kg intravenous. Statistical analysis of repeated measures data was performed with a two-way analysis of variance. Paired data were analyzed with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test (categorical data) or a paired t-test (continuous data). Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05, and results were expressed as mean ± SEM. There was no significant difference in induction time or recovery time between treatment groups. Rectal temperature and heart rate were significantly lower in the haloperidol group. Both groups demonstrated acidosis with venous pH being significantly lower in the placebo group when compared to the haloperidol group. Serum cortisol and arterial plasma lactate were lower in the haloperidol group indicative of reduced stress and physical exertion. Haloperidol premedication proved to be beneficial in reducing capture stress, when administered prior to xylazine-ketamine anesthesia, in spotted deer.
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Dekelaita DJ, Epps CW, Stewart KM, Sedinger JS, Powers JG, Gonzales BJ, Abella‐Vu RK, Darby NW, Hughson DL. Survival of Adult Female Bighorn Sheep Following a Pneumonia Epizootic. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella J. Dekelaita
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331‐3803 USA
| | - Clinton W. Epps
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331‐3803 USA
| | - Kelley M. Stewart
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada, Reno Reno NV 89557‐0186 USA
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada, Reno Reno NV 89557‐0186 USA
| | - Jenny G. Powers
- Biological Resources Division National Park Service 1201 Oakridge Drive Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Ben J. Gonzales
- Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 1701 Nimbus Road Rancho Cordova CA 95670‐4503 USA
| | - Regina K. Abella‐Vu
- Wildlife Branch, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 1812 Ninth Street Sacramento CA 95811 USA
| | - Neal W. Darby
- Mojave National Preserve, National Park Service 2701 Barstow Road Barstow CA 92311 USA
| | - Debra L. Hughson
- Mojave National Preserve, National Park Service 2701 Barstow Road Barstow CA 92311 USA
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8
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Pelleted-hay alfalfa feed increases sheep wether weight gain and rumen bacterial richness over loose-hay alfalfa feed. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215797. [PMID: 31166949 PMCID: PMC6550389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet composed of smaller particles can improve feed intake, digestibility, and animal growth or health, but in ruminant species can reduce rumination and buffering-the loss of which may inhibit fermentation and digestibility. However, the explicit effect of particle size on the rumen microbiota remains untested, despite their crucial role in digestion. We evaluated the effects of reduced particle size on rumen microbiota by feeding long-stem (loose) alfalfa hay compared to a ground and pelleted version of the same alfalfa in yearling sheep wethers during a two-week experimental period. In situ digestibility of the pelleted diet was greater at 48 h compared with loose hay; however, distribution of residual fecal particle sizes in sheep did not differ between the dietary treatments at any time point (day 7 or 14). Both average daily gain and feed efficiency were greater for the wethers consuming the pelleted diet. Observed bacterial richness was very low at the end of the adaptation period and increased over the course of the study, suggesting the rumen bacterial community was still in flux after two weeks of adaptation. The pelleted-hay diet group had a greater increase in bacterial richness, including common fibrolytic rumen inhabitants. The pelleted diet was positively associated with several Succiniclasticum, a Prevotella, and uncultured taxa in the Ruminococcaceae and Rickenellaceae families and Bacteroidales order. Pelleting an alfalfa hay diet for sheep does shift the rumen microbiome, though the interplay of diet particle size, retention and gastrointestinal transit time, microbial fermentative and hydrolytic activity, and host growth or health is still largely unexplored.
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Pošiváková T, Švajlenka J, Pošivák J, Pokorádi J, Hromada R, Korim P, Molnár L. The Influence of Age on the Activity of Selected Biochemical Parameters of the Mouflon ( Ovis musimon L.). Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050242. [PMID: 31096641 PMCID: PMC6562895 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood analyses can be used to assess the health and physiological conditions of wild animals and may provide a precise picture of disease, habitat quality, and other environmental factors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the age and the selected biochemical parameters of the female mouflon (Ovis musimon L.). This study creates a possible reference range of biochemical parameter concentrations in mouflon and aims to extend the knowledge of this wild game species within our geographical region. There have not been many studies dealing with this issue in our geographical region. A total of 57 female mouflons aged between 1 and 6 years (1-3 years n = 32, 4-6 years n = 25) and in good physical condition, with an average live weight between 32 and 40 kg were included in the research experiment between the two years. A total of 15 selected biochemical parameters were analyzed. Using statistical analysis, we noticed significant effects of age on almost three-quarters of analyzed biochemical parameters. A statistically significant correlation was observed between age and the parameters of glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein, calcium, triglycerides, and urea. An evaluation of the European mouflon's biochemical parameters during the whole year may be a reliable method for judging a herd's condition, diagnosing medical disorders, and preventing the etiology of their occurrence. An analysis of biochemical parameters tells us about the functioning of individual organs as well as the animals' metabolism. Knowledge of the values of blood parameters is of special importance because they allow us to gather more information on mouflons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Pošiváková
- Department of the Environment, Veterinary Legislation and Economy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy of Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Švajlenka
- Department of Construction Technology and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Vysokoškolská 4, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Pošivák
- Clinic for ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy of Kosice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | | | - Rudolf Hromada
- Department of the Environment, Veterinary Legislation and Economy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy of Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Korim
- Department of the Environment, Veterinary Legislation and Economy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy of Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ladislav Molnár
- Clinic for birds and exotic animals, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy of Kosice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Brogi R, Brivio F, Bertolucci C, Benazzi M, Luccarini S, Cappai N, Bottero E, Pedrazzoli C, Columbano N, Apollonio M, Grignolio S. Capture effects in wild boar: a multifaceted behavioural investigation. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Brogi
- R. Brogi (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-600X)
| | | | | | - Michele Benazzi
- M. Benazzi, Dept of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Univ. of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Siriano Luccarini
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadia Cappai
- N. Cappai and C. Pedrazzoli, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Pratovecchio (AR), Italy
| | - Elisa Bottero
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Pedrazzoli
- N. Cappai and C. Pedrazzoli, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Pratovecchio (AR), Italy
| | - Nicolò Columbano
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Grignolio
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
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COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MEDETOMIDINE-KETAMINE VERSUS MEDETOMIDINE-AZAPERONE-ALFAXALONE COMBINATION IN FREE-RANGING ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2018; 49:662-670. [DOI: 10.1638/2017-0161.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Lahdenperä M, Mar KU, Courtiol A, Lummaa V. Differences in age-specific mortality between wild-caught and captive-born Asian elephants. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3023. [PMID: 30087336 PMCID: PMC6081384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-capture of numerous species is common for diverse purposes, including medical experiments, conservation, veterinary interventions and research, but little objective data exists on its consequences. We use exceptional demographic records on Asian elephants from timber camps in Myanmar to investigate the long-term consequences of wild-capture during 1951-2000 on their mortality (N = 5150). We show that captured elephants have increased mortality compared to captive-born elephants, regardless of their capture method. These detrimental effects of capture are similar for both sexes but differ substantially according to age. Elephants captured and tamed at older ages show a higher increase in mortality after capture than elephants captured and tamed young. Moreover, the increased mortality risk following capture and taming is still perceived several years after capture. Our results are timely given the continued capture of elephants and other wild animals to supplement captive populations despite the alarming declines of wild populations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khyne U Mar
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse, Berlin, 10315, Germany
| | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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Stress-induced changes in body temperature of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Physiol Behav 2018; 194:356-361. [PMID: 29894759 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute stressors such as capture and handling can elicit physiological responses in endothermic animals. One example of such a response is an increase in body temperature (Tb) commonly referred to as stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH). For species that employ torpor, typically an inactive state characterized by a controlled reduction in Tb and metabolic rate, a rapid increase in Tb could be advantageous, especially in the context of escape from predators. We quantified SIH in silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) because they readily enter torpor and often roost in exposed places where they could be vulnerable to predators. We tested the hypothesis that handling stress causes SIH in three separate contexts: a) during the nocturnal, active phase immediately following capture during flight, b) during the diurnal, inactive phase of normothermic bats, and c) during pronounced torpor immediately following exposure to cold ambient temperature. We used a standardized protocol during which Tb was measured (as rectal temperature) immediately upon handling and, again, several minutes later. We found that SIH occurred for inactive, normothermic bats held at a warm temperature. Surprisingly, however, handling stress caused a reduction in Tb for normothermic bats following the active, flight phase and, although in the opposite direction, this cooling rate was indistinguishable from the rate of SIH for normothermic bats during the rest phase. As expected, we observed a large change in Tb during rewarming from torpor following handling. This warming rate was greater than that previously reported in the literature for any heterothermic endotherm. Rapid rewarming by silver-haired bats could reflect their tendency to roost in relatively exposed locations that may be vulnerable to predators. This study provides new information on SIH in an under-studied group of animals and illustrates the need to evaluate the hypothesis that SIH and rewarming from torpor are influenced by predation risk and activity state.
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14
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Short-term effects of tagging on activity and movement patterns of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-016-1051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Cunningham EP, Unwin S, Setchell JM. Darting Primates in the Field: A Review of Reporting Trends and a Survey of Practices and Their Effect on the Primates Involved. INT J PRIMATOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-015-9862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ungerfeld R, López-Sebastián A, Esteso M, Pradiee J, Toledano-Díaz A, Castaño C, Labrador B, Santiago-Moreno J. Physiological responses and characteristics of sperm collected after electroejaculation or transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the accessory sex glands in anesthetized mouflons (Ovis musimon) and Iberian ibexes (Capra pyrenaica). Theriogenology 2015; 84:1067-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schoenecker KA, Watry MK, Ellison LE, Schwartz MK, Luikart G. Estimating Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) Abundance Using Noninvasive Sampling at a Mineral Lick within a National Park Wilderness Area. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2015. [DOI: 10.3398/064.075.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Norman AJ, Spong G. Single nucleotide polymorphism-based dispersal estimates using noninvasive sampling. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3056-65. [PMID: 26357536 PMCID: PMC4559049 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying dispersal within wild populations is an important but challenging task. Here we present a method to estimate contemporary, individual-based dispersal distance from noninvasively collected samples using a specialized panel of 96 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). One main issue in conducting dispersal studies is the requirement for a high sampling resolution at a geographic scale appropriate for capturing the majority of dispersal events. In this study, fecal samples of brown bear (Ursus arctos) were collected by volunteer citizens, resulting in a high sampling resolution spanning over 45,000 km2 in Gävleborg and Dalarna counties in Sweden. SNP genotypes were obtained for unique individuals sampled (n = 433) and subsequently used to reconstruct pedigrees. A Mantel test for isolation by distance suggests that the sampling scale was appropriate for females but not for males, which are known to disperse long distances. Euclidean distance was estimated between mother and offspring pairs identified through the reconstructed pedigrees. The mean dispersal distance was 12.9 km (SE 3.2) and 33.8 km (SE 6.8) for females and males, respectively. These results were significantly different (Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test: P-value = 0.02) and are in agreement with the previously identified pattern of male-biased dispersal. Our results illustrate the potential of using a combination of noninvasively collected samples at high resolution and specialized SNPs for pedigree-based dispersal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Norman
- Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Spong
- Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Assessing the Impact of Capture on Wild Animals: The Case Study of Chemical Immobilisation on Alpine Ibex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130957. [PMID: 26111118 PMCID: PMC4482404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of capturing wild animals for research and conservation projects is widely shared. As this activity continues to become more common, the need to assess its negative effects increases so as to ensure ethical standards and the validity of research results. Increasing evidence has revealed that indirect (physiological and behavioural) effects of capture are as important as direct risks (death or injury) and that different capture methodologies can cause heterogeneous effects. We investigated the influence of chemical immobilisation on Alpine ibex (Capra ibex): during the days following the capture we collected data on spatial behaviour, activity levels of both males and females, and male hormone levels. Moreover, we recorded the reproductive status of each marked female during the breeding seasons of 15 years. Then, by several a priori models we investigated the effects of the capture taking into account biological factors and changes in environmental conditions. Our results showed that chemical immobilisation did not affect either spatial behaviour (for both males and females) or male hormone levels, though both sexes showed reduced activity levels up to two days after the capture. The capture did not significantly affect the likelihood for a female to give birth in the following summer. Our findings highlighted the scarce impact of chemical immobilisation on ibex biology, as we detected alteration of activity levels only immediately after the capture if compared to the following days (i.e., baseline situation). Hence, the comparison of our findings with previous research showed that our methodology is one of the less invasive procedures to capture large mammals. Nonetheless, in areas characterised by high predator density, we suggest that animals released be carefully monitored for some hours after the capture. Moreover, researchers should avoid considering data collected during the first days after the manipulation in order to avoid biased information.
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Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: the interplay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:761264. [PMID: 24587990 PMCID: PMC3920909 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 884] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a normal phenomenon in the body. Under normal conditions, the physiologically important intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are maintained at low levels by various enzyme systems participating in the in vivo redox homeostasis. Therefore, oxidative stress can also be viewed as an imbalance between the prooxidants and antioxidants in the body. For the last two decades, oxidative stress has been one of the most burning topics among the biological researchers all over the world. Several reasons can be assigned to justify its importance: knowledge about reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production and metabolism; identification of biomarkers for oxidative damage; evidence relating manifestation of chronic and some acute health problems to oxidative stress; identification of various dietary antioxidants present in plant foods as bioactive molecules; and so on. This review discusses the importance of oxidative stress in the body growth and development as well as proteomic and genomic evidences of its relationship with disease development, incidence of malignancies and autoimmune disorders, increased susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases, and an interplay with prooxidants and antioxidants for maintaining a sound health, which would be helpful in enhancing the knowledge of any biochemist, pathophysiologist, or medical personnel regarding this important issue.
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Ovejero R, Novillo A, Soto-Gamboa M, Mosca-Torres ME, Cuello P, Gregório P, Jahn G, Carmanchahi P. Do cortisol and corticosterone play the same role in coping with stressors? Measuring glucocorticoid serum in free-ranging guanacos (Lama guanicoe). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 319:539-47. [PMID: 24115389 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Habitat can constrain and shape successful ecological and physiological strategies, thus providing the context for the evolution of life-history traits. However, unpredictable challenges, such as storms, natural disasters, and human activities can also have great effects on stress. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are adrenal steroid hormones that play an important role in how vertebrates cope with these predictable and unpredictable environmental challenges. Although assessing GCs levels can have many applications in the study of wildlife and/or captive animals, with or without capturing individuals, it requires a species-specific complete validation (analytical and biological) before its use. In this work, our aim was to: (a) validate a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measuring GCs levels in L. guanicoe serum; (b) assess cortisol and corticosterone levels (if present) in serum of wild L. guanicoe individuals; and (c) compare the response to acute stressors (handling, shearing, and release). Our results successfully: (a) validated RIA for asses GCs levels in wild ungulates; (b) confirmed the presence for cortisol and corticosterone and showed that both GCs are differently affected by environmental stimuli in L. guanicoe; and (c) showed that GCs exhibit different patterns in the field and in response to acute stressors, making these camelids an interesting endocrinological model when seeking the adaptive functions of a given variation and further emphasizing the complexity of GC physiology in wild mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Ovejero
- Grupo de investigaciones de la Biodiversidad (GIB) IADIZA-CCT-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Grupo de Investigación de Eco-fisiología de Fauna Silvestre (GIEFAS), Asentamiento Universitario de San Martín de los Andes (AUSMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina; CONICET-INIBIOMA-AUSMA-UNCo, San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
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Barasona JA, López-Olvera JR, Beltrán-Beck B, Gortázar C, Vicente J. Trap-effectiveness and response to tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine anaesthesia in Eurasian wild boar captured with cage and corral traps. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:107. [PMID: 23702232 PMCID: PMC3665459 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capture, handling and chemical restraint are basic techniques often needed for research or management purposes. The aim of this study was testing a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) (3 mg/kg) and medetomidine (M) (0.05 mg/kg) on Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). A total of 77 free-ranging wild boar were captured by means of portable cages and corral traps and then anaesthetized with intramuscular darts using a blowpipe. The individual response to chemical immobilization was characterized using anaesthetic, clinical, and serum biochemical variables. After the procedure, 14 of these wild boar were monitored for 20 days using GPS-GSM collars. Results Pre-release mortality during capture and handling (6.5%) was associated with severe trauma in corral traps. Capture specificity for wild boar was 96.3% and trapping effort was 16.5 days per captured wild boar. Mean induction period was 4.5 ± 2.2 min, hypnosis period enabling effective handling was 61.6 ± 25.4 min, and recovery period was 12.8 ± 12.1 min. No heart or respiratory failure due to added stress occurred and post-release monitoring by GPS-devices revealed no mortality due to anaesthesia. According to the best statistical model obtained, the main factor driving anaesthetic efficacy and stress indicators is trap type. Conclusions Both cage and corral traps are efficient methods to capture wild boar. Cage traps are safer, as demonstrated by mortality rates as well as anaesthetic, physiological, and serum biochemical responses. This anaesthetic protocol is useful for prolonged handling of wild boar and allows sampling and collecting data for ecological and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Angel Barasona
- Sanidad y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, Ciudad Real sn 13005, Spain.
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Neumann W, Ericsson G, Dettki H, Arnemo JM. Effect of immobilizations on the activity and space use of female moose (Alces alces). CAN J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/z11-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of free-ranging wildlife often involve animal capture and fitting of tracking devices. Capturing wildlife may result in behavioral alterations. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the effects of capture on study animals to identify potential biases influencing the research. We assessed the short-term response of 15 GPS/GSM-collared adult female moose ( Alces alces (L., 1758)) and immobilization and handling by comparing moose rates of movement and net square displacement before and after recapture. Moose were more active up to 7 h and increased their spatial displacement for 4.5 days after recapture compared with movement patterns before recapture. Opposite to our predictions, moose did not reduced their movement rates after their initial displacement following capture and recovery, i.e., moose did not show any indication for a residual effect. We recommend using individuals as their own controls in analyses of capture impacts to account adequately for individual behavioral differences. We recommend omitting data of at least the first 5 days following capture for analyses of moose movement and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Neumann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Ericsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Holger Dettki
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon M. Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Hedmark University College, P.O. Box 400, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Gionfriddo JP, Denicola AJ, Miller LA, Fagerstone KA. Health effects of GnRH immunocontraception of wild white-tailed deer in New Jersey. WILDLIFE SOC B 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Carmanchahi PD, Ovejero R, Marull C, López GC, Schroeder N, Jahn GA, Novaro AJ, Somoza GM. Physiological response of wild guanacos to capture for live shearing. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/wr10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context The use of wild guanacos (Lama guanicoe) through live capture and shearing may contribute to their conservation by providing an economic alternative to rural inhabitants. However, none of the biological impacts of this activity, including the physiological ones, have been addressed. Aims The aim of this work was to characterise the acute response of guanacos to stress after capture and shearing in terms of serum cortisol levels, heart rate, and body temperature. Methods The study was performed during 2006 and 2007 in La Payunia Reserve in western Argentina. In order to determine serum cortisol concentration, 128 blood samples were obtained and the unextracted sera were analysed by radioimmunoanalyses (RIA). Sex, age category, heart rate, body temperature and total restraint time (TRT) were also registered for each animal captured. Key results Serum cortisol levels were higher in guanacos captured and sheared during 2007 than in 2006, and male cortisol levels were consistently lower than female levels. No significant differences were observed in cortisol levels of the different age categories. A positive correlation was observed between TRT and serum cortisol concentration. The analyses of cortisol levels in relation to TRT showed differences between males and females. With handling periods longer than 80 minutes, females showed a delayed stabilisation in cortisol response when compared with males. Heart rate and body temperature showed no differences between year, sex or age categories. Conclusions The present results show that the stress response to capture and shearing in wild guanacos increased significantly with handling time. We recommend avoiding capture of large numbers of animals and keeping roundup duration short to reduce TRT. Implications This work provides new information that can improve guanaco welfare during handling and shearing and may have implications for the conservation of the species.
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Topal A, Y. Gul N, Yanik K. Effect of Capture Method on Hematological and Serum Biochemical Values of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Turkey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1227.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dickens M, Romero L. Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Adjust to Captivity with Sustained Sympathetic Nervous System Drive and a Reduced Fight‐or‐Flight Response. Physiol Biochem Zool 2009; 82:603-10. [DOI: 10.1086/603633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Morellet N, Verheyden H, Angibault JM, Cargnelutti B, Lourtet B, Hewison MA. The Effect of Capture on Ranging Behaviour and Activity of the European Roe DeerCapreolus capreolus. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.2981/08-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Togashi M, Tsujimoto T, Yamauchi K, Deguchi Y, Hashizume K, Kizaki K, Honjou S, Izaike Y, Osawa T. Plasma and fecal sex steroid hormone profiles during the estrous cycle in a Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus). J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:412-7. [PMID: 19404003 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine plasma progesterone and estradiol-17beta concentrations, as well as fecal progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle in a female 8-year-old Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus). The step frequencies during the night were recorded by a pedometer attached to the serow's hind leg from October to the following June. Estrous behavior was also monitored during the day. Blood samples were taken once a day from 8 February to 10 March from an indwelling catheter placed in the jugular vein. Fecal samples were taken once or twice a day from 1 January to 29 April. Plasma and fecal progesterone and plasma estradiol concentrations were determined using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays. The estrus behavior observed lasted for 2-3 days. Peak step frequencies were recorded between November and April, at intervals of 17-19 days. Plasma progesterone concentrations remained elevated (1-7.7 ng/ml) for 12 days during non-estrus, and plasma estradiol concentrations were highest when the peak step frequency and estrous behavior were observed. Step frequency increased around the times fecal progesterone levels fell to basal levels. Progesterone concentrations in feces were significantly correlated with those in sera. Thus, measurement of fecal progesterone concentrations might be useful for monitoring the reproductive status of the Japanese serow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Togashi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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Jacques CN, Jenks JA, Klaver RW. Seasonal Movements and Home-Range Use by Female Pronghorns in Sagebrush-Steppe Communities of Western South Dakota. J Mammal 2009. [DOI: 10.1644/07-mamm-a-395.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Haematological, hormonal and biochemical blood parameters in lamb: Effect of age and blood sampling time. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bórnez R, Linares MB, Vergara H. Systems stunning with CO(2) gas on Manchego light lambs: Physiologic responses and stunning effectiveness. Meat Sci 2009; 82:133-8. [PMID: 20416779 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effect of four stunning treatments using different CO(2) concentrations and exposure times (G1: 80%90s; G2: 90%90s; G3: 90%60s; G4: 80%60s) on hormonal, haematological and biochemical parameters in Manchego breed light lambs and their stunning effectiveness (% animals correctly stunned) was studied. An electrically stunned control treatment (G5) was used. G1 showed the highest plasmatic hormonal, red cell distribution (RDW) and lactate levels. Haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (HbCM), glucose, lactate deshydrogenase (LDH), sodium, potassium and creatine kinase (CK) were highest in G5. Stunning effectiveness was maximum (100%) in G3 and G5, only 50% in G1 and G2 and minimum (30%) in G4. A discriminant analysis showed a function for discriminating between G5 and the gas stunned groups, and another one for discriminating between gas stunned groups. Only potassium and adrenaline variables marked the difference among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Bórnez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Sección de Calidad Alimentaria, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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Omsjoe EH, Stien A, Irvine J, Albon SD, Dahl E, Thoresen SI, Rustad E, Ropstad E. Evaluating capture stress and its effects on reproductive success in Svalbard reindeer. CAN J ZOOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/z08-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although many ecological studies of wild animal populations rely on capturing individuals at least once, few have investigated either the immediate stress responses of capture, restraint, and handling, or the longer term consequences on reproductive success. In this paper, we assume that the degree of stress increase with the time taken to capture and process an animal prior to release. The influence of time since onset of capture on body temperature and blood chemistry indicators of stress was investigated in 137 adult female Svalbard reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik, 1829) and 63 calves of both sexes captured by net in late-winter 2004 and 2005. In addition, we looked for evidence of negative effects of capture stress on reproductive success in marked animals over the period from 1995 to 2006. Body temperature increased with both chase time and the time the animals were restrained. In the latter case, body temperature increased twice as fast in nonpregnant animals (0.13 °C/min) compared with pregnant animals. Cortisol, glutamate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyltransferase all increased with time from onset of capture. However, the relationship for glucose with time since onset of capture increased initially before declining again. We found no evidence of a lower calving success in animals captured the previous winter when compared with animals that had not been captured the previous winter. Likewise, there was no relationship between the strength of the acute stress response (measured as cortisol concentrations) and the probability of pregnant females having a calf at foot the subsequent summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. H. Omsjoe
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - A. Stien
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - J. Irvine
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - S. D. Albon
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - E. Dahl
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - S. I. Thoresen
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - E. Rustad
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - E. Ropstad
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
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Dickens MJ, Earle KA, Romero LM. Initial transference of wild birds to captivity alters stress physiology. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 160:76-83. [PMID: 19026651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining wild animals in captivity has long been used for conservation and research. While often suggested that captivity causes chronic stress, impacts on the underlying stress physiology are poorly understood. We used wild-caught chukar (Alectoris chukar) as a model avian species to assess how the initial 10 days of captivity alters the corticosterone (CORT) secretory pathway. In the first few days of captivity, birds lost weight, had lower hematocrit and demonstrated changes in CORT concentrations. Both baseline and restraint-stress-induced CORT concentrations decreased by days 3-5 of captivity and remained significantly lower throughout the 10 days although stress-induced concentrations began to recover by day 9. To delineate potential mechanisms underlying these CORT changes, we evaluated alterations to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Although chukar appear to be resistant to arginine vasotocin's (AVT) effects on CORT release, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) stimulated CORT release; however, ACTH stimulation did not differ during the 10 days of captivity. In contrast, negative feedback axis sensitivity, as determined by both dexamethasone suppression as well as endogenous negative feedback, decreased by day 5 but was regained by day 9. In addition, the combined stressors of capture and long distance transport eliminated the animals' ability to mount an acute CORT response on the day following the move. Therefore, introduction into captivity appeared to shift the chukar into a temporary state of chronic stress that began to recover within 9days. The duration of these alterations likely varies due to differences in capture techniques, transport distance, and species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J Dickens
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Dana Hall, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Cattet M, Boulanger J, Stenhouse G, Powell RA, Reynolds-Hogland MJ. An Evaluation of Long-Term Capture Effects in Ursids: Implications for Wildlife Welfare and Research. J Mammal 2008. [DOI: 10.1644/08-mamm-a-095.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Becerril-Herrera M, Alonso-Spilsbury M, Lemus-Flores C, Guerrero-Legarreta I, Olmos-Hernández A, Ramírez-Necoechea R, Mota-Rojas D. CO(2) stunning may compromise swine welfare compared with electrical stunning. Meat Sci 2008; 81:233-7. [PMID: 22063988 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two different stunning methods on critical blood values in fattening pigs at a federal inspection slaughtering plant were monitored. A total of 658 pigs from the same genetic line and origin, were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: reference baseline levels (resting pigs; T1), stunning with CO(2) (T2) and stunned electrically (T3). Energetic profile, acid imbalance and blood gas levels, were monitored. Significant differences (p⩽0.05) between treatments for all variables were found, CO(2) stunned pigs showed hypercapnia, hypercalcemia, hyperglucemia, lactic acidemia, and an increase in haematocrit, coupled with reduced pH, [Formula: see text] , and Na; electrically stunned pigs had reduced blood pH, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] . The remaining indicators were increased in relation to the resting swine. Thus CO(2) stunning leads to a major imbalance because of mineral and acid base gaseous interchange, compared to electric stunning, thus possibly compromising animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Becerril-Herrera
- Doctorate Program in Biological Sciences at Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa-Xochimilco, Mexico. Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, D.F. 04960, Mexico
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Rice CG, Hall B. Hematologic and Biochemical Reference Intervals for Mountain Goats (Oreamnos americanus): Effects of Capture Conditions. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.3955/0029-344x-81.3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Linklater WL. Translocation reverses birth sex ratio bias depending on its timing during gestation: evidence for the action of two sex-allocation mechanisms. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007; 19:831-9. [PMID: 17897586 DOI: 10.1071/rd07027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many sex allocation mechanisms are proposed but rarely have researchers considered and tested more than one at a time. Four facultative birth sex ratio (BSR) adjustment mechanisms are considered: (1) hormone-induced conception bias; (2) sex-differential embryo death from excess glucose metabolism; (3) sex-differential embryo death from embryo–uterine developmental asynchrony; and (4) pregnancy hormone suppression and resource deprivation. All mechanisms could be switched on by the corticoadrenal stress response. A total of 104 female rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotidae), translocated from 1961 to 2004 at different stages of gestation or conceived soon after arrival in captivity, were used to test for a reversal in BSR bias as evidence for the action of multiple sex-allocation mechanisms. Translocation induced a statistically significant BSR reversal between early gestation (86% male births from 0 to 0.19 gestation) and mid-gestation (38% male from 0.2 to 0.79 gestation). Captivity also induced a strongly male-biased (67% male) BSR for conceptions after arrival in captivity. The results indicate the action of at least two sex-allocation mechanisms operating in sequence, confirm the important role of sex-differential embryo death around implantation and of stress in sex allocation, and lend support to suggestions that sex-differential glucose metabolism by the preimplantation embryo likely plays a role in facultative BSR adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Linklater
- Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 140, New Zealand.
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Understanding margins of safe capture, chemical immobilization, and handling of free-ranging white-tailed deer. WILDLIFE SOC B 2005. [DOI: 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[677:umoscc]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Establishing baseline values of parameters potentially indicative of chronic stress in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from different habitats in western Germany. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-004-0063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Transport Stress in Roe Deer ( Capreolus Capreolus): Effect of a Short-Acting Antipsychotic. Anim Welf 2002. [DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600025136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a short-acting antipsychotic (acepromazine) on the stress response to transport in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Twenty-one roe deer were submitted to a nine-hour road journey in order to reintroduce and restock this species into Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). The animals were divided into two groups: animals in the treatment group received an intramuscular injection of acepromazine (0.13 mg kg−1 in 0.5 ml; n = 9) while animals in the control group received the same volume of saline (n = 12). Clinical (heart rate and body temperature, measured during transport using remote devices), haematological, and biochemical indicators of stress were used to evaluate the effect of the antipsychotic. Heart rate increased during transportation, but no differences were found between groups. Body temperature decreased during transportation in both groups, but this reduction was faster in acepromazine-treated animals. Comparison of blood parameters before and after transport revealed significantly lower red blood cell counts and haemoglobin concentrations after transport in treated animals compared with control animals; a reduction in lymphocyte count, eosinophil count and serum creatinine levels over transport in treated animals; a decrease in serum potassium levels over transport in the control group; an increase in serum creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities over transport in control animals; an increase in serum urea and chloride concentrations over transport in both groups; and finally, a decrease in serum glucose concentrations in both groups. These results demonstrate the suitability of acepromazine in transport operations in order to reduce the stress response and prevent its adverse effects in roe deer.
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Montané J, Marco I, Manteca X, López J, Lavín S. Delayed acute capture myopathy in three roe deer. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. A, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLINICAL MEDICINE 2002; 49:93-8. [PMID: 11958473 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.jv409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Delayed acute capture myopathy is the term used to describe the clinical syndrome observed in three roe deer captured by drive-nets and transported to an enclosure for scientific purposes. The animals died 48 h, 60 h and 8 days after being captured. The simultaneous deaths coincided with a previous episode of deliberate human disturbance. The histopathological findings were indicative of acute myopathy and myoglobinaemic nephrosis. These could be related to an ataxic myoglobinuric syndrome brought on by capture and transport operations. The lack of clinical signs and negative prognosis indicators in the period between capture and just before death. the absence of gross muscular lesions in the animal that died after 8 days post-capture, the simultaneous deaths of animals captured at different times and the evidence of deliberate human disturbance in the enclosure are suggestive of death triggered by a second stress episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Montané
- Servicio de Ecopatología de Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Marco I, Lavín S. Effect of the method of capture on the haematology and blood chemistry of red deer (Cervus elaphus). Res Vet Sci 1999; 66:81-4. [PMID: 10208884 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.1998.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Haematological and plasma biochemical constituents can be affected during capture and handling operations in wildlife. The present study compares the blood constituents of 40 red deer (Cervus elaphus) captured using two different methods: 20 were captured by physical means, using long nets and box traps, and 20 by chemical means, using a mixture of xylazine and ketamine. Significant differences were found in the haemogram: red blood cell count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, and segmented neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and total leukocyte counts were higher in animals captured by physical means. Conversely, the eosinophil count was higher in deer captured using anaesthetic. The plasma activity of alanine amino transferase, and the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, alpha-2 globulins, total proteins, sodium and chloride, were significantly higher in the group captured by physical means. With the exception of the eosinophil count, all the blood constituents which presented higher values were in the group of physically captured deer, and thus it is necessary to take into account the method of capture when interpretation or establishment of reference values is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marco
- Servicio de Ecopatología de Fauna Silvestre, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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Abstract
The term contraction band necrosis describes focal hypercontraction and lysis of small groups of myocardial cells. Contraction band necrosis of the myocardium was identified in 100% of 52 whales and dolphins (cetaceans) stranded along the western coast of the Gulf of Mexico between April 1991 and November 1996. The myocardial lesions in the cetaceans were identical, both grossly and histologically, to those previously described in man and other animals. Such lesions may contribute to the high mortality rate in stranded cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Turnbull
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA
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Marco I, Viñas L, Velarde R, Pastor J, Lavin S. The stress response to repeated capture in mouflon (Ovis ammon): physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE A 1998; 45:243-53. [PMID: 9697426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1998.tb00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two groups of mouflons (Ovis ammon) were held in captivity to study the effects of repeated capture on physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters. The first one (Group I) was of 6 mouflons captured in the wild, while the second (Group II) was also of 6 mouflons, but which had been in captivity for 3 years. In Group I, body temperature, mature neutrophil count and lactate increased during activity, while red blood cells, haemoglobin, ALT, AST, total lipid, phospholipids, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, phosphorus and zinc decreased at different times during the study period. In Group II, few statistical differences were observed. Most of these changes were related to stress and reflected a lack of adaptation to repeated handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marco
- Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autòmona de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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