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Cavalheiro JB, Echeverria JT, Ramos CAN, Babo-Terra VJ. Frequency of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) in domestic cats from Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20221010. [PMID: 38126435 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320221010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline herpesvirus type 1 (HVF-1) is the infectious agent of feline viral rhinotracheitis. The main clinical signs are cough, nasal and eye discharge, fever, conjunctivitis and sneezing. Although the occurrence of the virus is known in some regions of Brazil, in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), there is no epidemiological information about its frequency. Thus, this study aimed to determine the frequency of feline herpesvirus type 1 in the region, and to evaluate its possible association with clinical and epidemiological factors. Ocular, nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, and blood were collected from 152 animals and analyzed through PCR and sequencing. In addition, epidemiological and clinical data were obtained through clinical examination and anamnesis. FHV-1 was detected in samples from 84 (55.26%) animals. There was no association between infection and age or sex. However, there was a significant association between infection and nasal (p < 0.0001) and ocular (p = 0.014) discharge and sneezing (p = 0.001). The results demonstrate the occurrence of the virus in domestic cats in the region with a high frequency of infection. Thus, FHV-1 should be considered as a potential causal agent of upper respiratory tract disease in domestic cats from Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliany B Cavalheiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/UFMS, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica T Echeverria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, FAMEZ/UFMS, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Carlos A N Ramos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/UFMS, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Veronica J Babo-Terra
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/UFMS, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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AFFINITY OF BRAZILIAN WILD MAMMAL IMMUNOGLOBULINS TO BACTERIAL PROTEINS A AND G. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 53:832-837. [PMID: 36640087 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal A and streptococcal G proteins are widely used in immunoassays when specific immunological reagents are unavailable, such as for wild animals. The affinity of bacterial proteins A and G to the immunoglobulins of seven Brazilian mammals were tested, including black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata, n = 5), golden-bellied capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos, n = 13), woolly mouse opossum (Micoureus demerarae, n = 6), long-nosed armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, n = 5), collared anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla, n = 5), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis, n = 6), and vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus, n = 5). Blood samples were collected from animals that were rescued in peri-urban rainforest fragments. Sera pools of each species were tested by ELISA to determine the intensity of each bacterial protein affinity to the immunoglobulins. When comparing the affinity to both proteins, immunoglobulins from D. rotundus, S. xanthosternos, and T. tetradactyla presented a higher affinity to protein G, whereas a higher affinity to protein A was found for immunoglobulins of C. penicillata and L. pardalis. The only species that presented a very low affinity to both bacterial proteins was M. demerarae. This study can be used as a reference for further studies on the development of sensitive and specific immunodiagnostic assays to be used for the monitoring of the health of these wild mammals.
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Shi L, Huang S, Lu Y, Su Y, Guo L, Guo L, Xie W, Li X, Wang Y, Yang S, Chai H, Wang Y. Cross‐species transmission of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV‐1) to chinchillas. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2532-2537. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Shi
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Shuping Huang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Yuxin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Yuqing Su
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Lin Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Lijun Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Yulong Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin Heilongjiang China
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Demographic and Pathogens of Domestic, Free-Roaming Pets and the Implications for Wild Carnivores and Human Health in the San Luis Region of Costa Rica. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8040065. [PMID: 33924011 PMCID: PMC8073985 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and degradation, restricted ranges, prey exploitation, and poaching are important factors for the decline of several wild carnivore populations and additional stress from infectious agents is an increasing concern. Given the rapid growth of human populations in some regions like Costa Rica, pathogens introduced, sustained, and transmitted by domestic carnivores may be particularly important. To better understand the significance of domestic carnivore pathogens for wildlife, we determine the prevalence of infection and possible mechanisms for contact between the two groups. The demographics, role in the household, and pathogens of pet dogs and cats was studied during three annual spay/neuter clinics in San Luis, Costa Rica. Most dogs were owned primarily as pets and guard animals, but ~10% were used for hunting. Cats were owned primarily as pets and for pest control. Both roamed freely outdoors. We detected high prevalences of some pathogens (e.g., carnivore protoparvovirus 1 and Toxoplasma gondii). Some pathogens are known to persist in the environment, which increases the probability of exposure to wild carnivores. This study demonstrated that domestic pets in San Luis, home to a number of protected and endangered wildlife species, are infected with pathogens to which these wild species are potentially susceptible. Additionally, results from our questionnaire support the potential for domestic and wild animal contact, which may result in disease spillover.
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FELINE CORONAVIRUS AND FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS IN NONDOMESTIC FELID SPECIES. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:14-27. [PMID: 33827157 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is reported worldwide and known to cause disease in domestic and nondomestic felid species. Although FCoV often results in mild to inapparent disease, a small subset of cats succumb to the fatal, systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). An outbreak of FIP in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in a zoological collection demonstrated the devastating effect of FCoV introduction into a naïve group of animals. In addition to cheetahs, FIP has been described in European wildcats (Felis silvestris), a tiger (Panthera tigris), a mountain lion (Puma concolor), and lion (Panthera leo). This paper reviews the reported cases of FIP in nondomestic felid species and highlights the surveys of FCoV in populations of nondomestic felids.
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Souza UA, Webster A, Dall'Agnol B, Peters FB, Favarini MO, Schott D, Zitelli LC, Mazim FD, Kasper CB, Ott R, Trigo TC, Reck J, Soares JF. Ticks, mites, fleas, and vector-borne pathogens in free-ranging neotropical wild felids from southern Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101706. [PMID: 33735790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of vectors and vector-borne diseases associated with ectoparasites from free-living Neotropical small wild felids is scarce, and the few existing studies on this theme focused on the genus Panthera, Paleartic species or in captive animals. For this reason, the aim of this study was to identify the diversity of ectoparasites and potentially associated Rickettsia and Bartonella species in free-ranging neotropical wild cats collected in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. A total of 82 ticks, 10 fleas and 22 mites were collected from 18 Geoffroy's cats (Leopardus geoffroyi), 11 margays (Leopardus wiedii), two southern tiger cats (Leopardus guttulus), two jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), three ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and two pumas (Puma concolor). We identified four tick species: Rhipicephalus microplus and three species from genus Amblyomma, the most frequent being Amblyomma aureolatum; three flea species corresponding to Ctenocephalides felis, Xenopsylla cheopis, and Pulex irritans; and one mite of genus Eutrombicula. In ectoparasites we found DNA of Rickettsia parkeri and Rickettsia asembonensis in ticks and DNA of Bartonella clarridgeiae, Bartonella sp. and R. asembonensis in fleas. Our results highlight the evidences of vectors and vector-borne agents in wild animals, and their potential wide distribution in the Pampa biome and the southernmost portion of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Araújo Souza
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Anelise Webster
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dall'Agnol
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bortolotto Peters
- Área de Vida Assessoria e Consultoria em Biologia e Meio Ambiente, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Ochoa Favarini
- Área de Vida Assessoria e Consultoria em Biologia e Meio Ambiente, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Schott
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Caló Zitelli
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Dias Mazim
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil; Ka'aguy Consultoria Ambiental, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Benhur Kasper
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), LABIMAVE (Laboratório de Biologia de Mamíferos e Aves), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ott
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (SEMA-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Campos Trigo
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil; Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (SEMA-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Reck
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - João Fábio Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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7
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Souza UA, Webster A, Dall'Agnol B, Morel AP, Peters FB, Favarini MO, Mazim FD, Soares JBG, Tirelli FP, Tortato MA, de Lemos ERS, Trigo TC, Soares JF, Reck J. Molecular and Serological Survey of the Cat-Scratch Disease Agent (Bartonella henselae) in Free-Ranging Leopardus geoffroyi and Leopardus wiedii (Carnivora: Felidae) From Pampa Biome, Brazil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:483-492. [PMID: 32974747 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The genus Bartonella comprises emerging bacteria that affect humans and other mammals worldwide. Felids represent an important reservoir for several Bartonella species. Domestic cats are the main reservoir of Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease (CSD). It can be transmitted directly by scratches and bites from infected cats and via cat fleas. This study aims to investigate the circulation of Bartonella spp. in free-ranging Neotropical wild felids from Southern Brazil using serological and molecular methods. In this study, 53 live-trapped free-ranging wild felids were sampled, 39 Leopardus geoffroyi and 14 Leopardus wiedii, from five municipalities in the Rio Grande, do Sul state, southern Brazil. All captured animals were clinically healthy. Two blood samples of L. geoffroyi were positive, by PCR, for the presence of B. henselae DNA. Conversely, none of L. wiedii blood samples were positive when tested using PCR. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed that 28% of serum samples of wild felids were reactive (seropositive) for B. henselae by immunofluorescence, with titers ranging from 64 to 256. The results presented here provide the first evidence of a Bartonella-enzootic cycle involving L. geoffroyi and L. wiedii, which may account for the spillover of the emerging zoonotic pathogen B. henselae for the indigenous fauna in Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Araújo Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Anelise Webster
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dall'Agnol
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Morel
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bortolotto Peters
- Área de Vida Assessoria e Consultoria em Biologia e Meio Ambiente, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Ochoa Favarini
- Área de Vida Assessoria e Consultoria em Biologia e Meio Ambiente, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Dias Mazim
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil
- Ka'aguy Consultoria Ambiental, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Pereira Tirelli
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tatiane Campos Trigo
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil
- Setor de Mastozoologia, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (SEMA-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Fabio Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Reck
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Sacristán I, Esperón F, Pérez R, Acuña F, Aguilar E, García S, López MJ, Neves E, Cabello J, Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Terio KA, Millán J, Poulin E, Napolitano C. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection in the wild felid Leopardus guigna in Chile. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:3335-3348. [PMID: 33238057 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Landscape anthropization has been identified as one of the main drivers of pathogen emergence worldwide, facilitating pathogen spillover between domestic species and wildlife. The present study investigated Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection using molecular methods in 98 free-ranging wild guignas (Leopardus guigna) and 262 co-occurring owned, free-roaming rural domestic cats. We also assessed landscape anthropization variables as potential drivers of infection. Protoparvovirus DNA was detected in guignas across their entire distribution range, with observed prevalence of 13.3% (real-time PCR) and 9% (conventional PCR) in guignas, and 6.1% (conventional PCR) in cats. Prevalence in guigna did not vary depending on age, sex, study area or landscape variables. Prevalence was higher in juvenile cats (16.7%) than in adults (4.4%). Molecular characterization of the virus by amplification and sequencing of almost the entire vp2 gene (1,746 bp) from one guigna and five domestic cats was achieved, showing genetic similarities to canine parvovirus 2c (CPV-2c) (one guigna and one cat), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) (one cat), CPV-2 (no subtype identified) (two cats), CPV-2a (one cat). The CVP-2c-like sequence found in a guigna clustered together with domestic cat and dog CPV-2c sequences from South America, suggesting possible spillover from a domestic to a wild species as the origin of infection in guigna. No clinical signs of disease were found in PCR-positive animals except for a CPV-2c-infected guigna, which had haemorrhagic diarrhoea and died a few days after arrival at a wildlife rescue centre. Our findings reveal widespread presence of Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 across the guigna distribution in Chile and suggest that virus transmission potentially occurs from domestic to wild carnivores, causing severe disease and death in susceptible wild guignas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sacristán
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Sanidad Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de la República de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisca Acuña
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián García
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Neves
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Sanidad Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cabello
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | - Karen A Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL, USA
| | - Javier Millán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elie Poulin
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Constanza Napolitano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
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9
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Viljoen S, O'Riain MJ, Penzhorn BL, Drouilly M, Serieys LEK, Cristescu B, Teichman KJ, Bishop JM. Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in caracals (Caracal caracal) living in human-modified landscapes of South Africa. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:220. [PMID: 32354342 PMCID: PMC7191760 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wild carnivores living alongside humans and domestic animals are vulnerable to changes in the infectious disease dynamics in their populations. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and diversity of selected tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of veterinary and/or zoonotic concern in wild populations of caracals (Caracal caracal) occurring in human-modified landscapes in South Africa. Using molecular techniques, we screened 57 caracal blood samples for infection by rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in three regions of South Africa: rangeland in the Central Karoo (n = 27) and Namaqualand (n = 14) as well as the urban edge of the Cape Peninsula (n = 16) of South Africa. To characterise pathogen identity, we sequenced the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes from positive samples and analysed sequences within a phylogenetic framework. We also examine the diversity of potential tick vectors. Results All individuals tested were infected with at least one tick-borne pathogen. Pathogens included Hepatozoon felis, Babesia felis, Babesia leo and a potentially novel Babesia species. An Anaplasma species previously described in South African domestic dogs was also found in 88% of urban edge caracals. Higher rates of co-infection characterised urban edge caracals (81% vs 15% and 0% in the two rangeland populations), as well as a greater incidence of mixed infections. Host attached tick species include Haemaphysalis elliptica, an important pathogen vector among carnivore hosts. Conclusions This study confirms the occurrence of previously undocumented tick-borne pathogens infecting free-ranging caracals in human-modified landscapes. We identify clear differences in the pathogen profiles among our study populations and discuss the likely health costs to caracals living adjacent to urban areas.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Storme Viljoen
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - M Justin O'Riain
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barend L Penzhorn
- Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marine Drouilly
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laurel E K Serieys
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,The Cape Leopard Trust, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bogdan Cristescu
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,The Cape Leopard Trust, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kristine J Teichman
- The Cape Leopard Trust, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Bishop
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Viana NE, de Mello Zanim Michelazzo M, Oliveira TES, Cubas ZS, de Moraes W, Headley SA. Immunohistochemical identification of antigens of canine distemper virus in neotropical felids from Southern Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67 Suppl 2:149-153. [PMID: 31916410 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathologic and immunohistochemical findings associated with infections due to canine distemper virus (CDV) are described in the cougar (Puma concolor), margay (Leopardus wiedii) and jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) from Southern Brazil. Tissue sections of the neotropical felids (n = 3) that died at the Bela Vista Sanctuary, Paraná, Southern Brazil were routinely processed for histopathology to identify possible histopathologic patterns associated with infections due to CDV. Selected formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of the lungs and urinary bladder were used in immunohistochemical assays designed to identify the antigens of CDV. The main histopathologic patterns identified were interstitial pneumonia in the margay and jaguarundi, while ballooning degeneration of the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder was observed in the cougar. Positive immunoreactivity to antigens of CDV was identified within intralesional sections of the lungs of the two wild felids with interstitial pneumonia and in the degenerated urothelium of the cougar. These findings indicate that these neotropical cats were infected by a viral infectious disease pathogen common to the domestic dog and add to the few documented descriptions of CDV-induced infections in wildlife from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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11
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Decreased Sensitivity of the Serological Detection of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Potentially Due to Imported Genetic Variants. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080697. [PMID: 31370217 PMCID: PMC6722909 DOI: 10.3390/v11080697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus of domestic cats worldwide. Diagnosis usually relies on antibody screening by point-of-care tests (POCT), e.g., by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and confirmation using Western blot (WB). We increasingly observed ELISA-negative, WB-positive samples and aimed to substantiate these observations using 1194 serum/plasma samples collected from 1998 to 2019 primarily from FIV-suspect cats. While 441 samples tested positive and 375 tested negative by ELISA and WB, 81 samples had discordant results: 70 were false ELISA-negative (WB-positive) and 11 were false ELISA-positive (WB-negative); 297 ambiguous results were not analyzed further. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA (82% and 91%, respectively) were lower than those reported in 1995 (98% and 97%, respectively). The diagnostic efficiency was reduced from 97% to 86%. False ELISA-negative samples originated mainly (54%) from Switzerland (1995: 0%). Sixty-four false ELISA-negative samples were available for POCT (SNAPTM/WITNESSR): five were POCT-positive. FIV RT-PCR was positive for two of these samples and was weakly positive for two ELISA- and POCT-negative samples. Low viral loads prohibited sequencing. Our results suggest that FIV diagnosis has become more challenging, probably due to increasing travel by cats and the introduction of new FIV isolates not recognized by screening assays.
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12
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Oosthuizen A, Brettschneider H, Dalton DL, Du Plessis EC, Jansen R, Kotze A, Mitchell EP. Canine parvovirus detected from a serval (Leptailurus serval) in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2019; 90:e1-e6. [PMID: 31038325 PMCID: PMC6504127 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v90i0.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus first emerged in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), most likely as a variant of the feline panleucopaenia virus. Relatively recently, canine parvovirus-2a and canine parvovirus-2b infections have been identified in both symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic cats, while canine parvovirus infections have also been demonstrated in wild felids. This report documents the first known case of canine parvovirus-2b detected in unvaccinated serval (Leptailurus serval) from South Africa. The serval presented with clinical signs of vomiting, anorexia and diarrhoea that responded to symptomatic treatment. Two weeks later, severe leucopaenia, thrombocytopenia and death occurred. Typical enteric histological lesions of parvovirus infection were not observed on histopathological examination of the small intestine; however, histological lesions consistent with septicaemia were present. Canine parvovirus was detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded small intestine using polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence of the canine parvovirus viral capsid protein gene showed similarities between the sample from the serval and canine parvovirus-2b isolates from domestic dogs in Argentina and South Africa. A case of canine parvovirus-2b in a domestic dog from South Africa in 2012 that fell within the same clade as the serval sample appears distantly related because of the long branch length. The significance of these findings is explored. More extensive surveys of canine parvovirus in domestic and wild felids and canids are needed to understand the epidemiology of canine parvovirus in non-domestic felids in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almero Oosthuizen
- Department of Research and Specialised Services, National Zoological Gardens, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria.
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13
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Kosoy M, Goodrich I. Comparative Ecology of Bartonella and Brucella Infections in Wild Carnivores. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:322. [PMID: 30662899 PMCID: PMC6328487 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic sister clades Bartonella and Brucella within the order Rhizobiales present some common biological characteristics as well as evident differences in adaptations to their mammalian reservoirs. We reviewed published data on Bartonella and Brucella infections in wild carnivores to compare the ecology of these bacteria in relatively similar host environments. Arthropod vectors are the main mechanism for Bartonella species transmission between mammalian hosts. The role of arthropods in transmission of Brucella remains disputed, however experimental studies and reported detection of Brucella in arthropods indicate potential vector transmission. More commonly, transmission of Brucella occurs via contact exposure to infected animals or the environment contaminated with their discharges. Of 26 species of carnivores tested for both Bartonella and Brucella, 58% harbored either. Among them were bobcats, African lions, golden jackals, coyotes, wolves, foxes, striped skunks, sea otters, raccoons, and harbor seals. The most common species of Bartonella in wild carnivores was B. henselae, found in 23 species, followed by B. rochalimae in 12, B. clarridgeiae in ten, and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in seven. Among Brucella species, Br. abortus was reported in over 30 terrestrial carnivore species, followed by Br. canis in seven. Marine carnivores, such as seals and sea lions, can host Br. pinnipedialis. In contrast, there is no evidence of a Bartonella strain specific for marine mammals. Bartonella species are present practically in every sampled species of wild felids, but of 14 Brucella studies of felids, only five reported Brucella and those were limited to detection of antibodies. We found no reports of Bartonella in bears while Brucella was detected in these animals. There is evident host-specificity of Bartonella species in wild carnivores (e.g., B. henselae in felids and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in canids). A co-adaptation of Brucella with terrestrial wild carnivore hosts is not as straightforward as in domestic animals. Wild carnivores often carry the same pathogens as their domesticated relatives (cats and dogs), but the risk of exposure varies widely because of differences in biology, distribution, and historical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kosoy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Irina Goodrich
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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14
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Ferreira GA, Nakano-Oliveira E, Andriolo A, Genaro G. Spatial overlap between domestic cats and wild felines in an insular Atlantic Forest remnant. ANIM BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-17000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes are a major threat to biodiversity. One of these possible changes that affect biodiversity is the introduction of domestic species in the environment, which might represent a threat to wild species. The domestic cat, in particular, has biological and behavioral characteristics that allow a great adaptability to natural areas, thus representing a potential risk to the native species, mainly to the other members of the Felidae family. In this study, the spatial overlap between four species of Neotropical wildcats and domestic cats living in an Atlantic Forest Protected Area in one of the most important forest remnants of this ecosystem was verified. The results indicate the need to adopt mitigation measures against the potential risks of this interaction with the goal of preserving the native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanne A. Ferreira
- 1Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia (IPeC), Rua Tristão Lobo 199 Centro, Cananéia, SP 11990-000, Brazil
- 2Laboratório de Bioacústica e Ecologia Comportamental (LABEC), Univ. Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nakano-Oliveira
- 1Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia (IPeC), Rua Tristão Lobo 199 Centro, Cananéia, SP 11990-000, Brazil
- 3Conselho Nacional de Defesa Ambiental (CNDA), Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 512 - cj. 131, São Paulo, SP 04530.000, Brazil
| | - Artur Andriolo
- 2Laboratório de Bioacústica e Ecologia Comportamental (LABEC), Univ. Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Gelson Genaro
- 1Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia (IPeC), Rua Tristão Lobo 199 Centro, Cananéia, SP 11990-000, Brazil
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15
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Molecular and Serologic Survey of Pathogens in an Endangered Andean Cat ( Leopardus jacobita) of the High Andes of Bolivia. J Wildl Dis 2018; 55:242-245. [PMID: 30124392 DOI: 10.7589/2018-05-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Andean cat ( Leopardus jacobita) is one of the most threatened and least known wild felids in the world. Using molecular and serologic tests, we screened a free-ranging Andean cat for 17 pathogens of conservation concern. Results suggested no evidence of infection or exposure. Whether pathogens are a threat for Andean cat populations remains currently unknown.
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16
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Naidenko S, Hernandez-Blanco J, Pavlova E, Erofeeva M, Sorokin P, Litvinov M, Kotlyar A, Sulikhan N, Rozhnov V. Primary study of seroprevalence to virus pathogens in wild felids of South Primorie, Russia. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Seroprevalence to nine different virus pathogens was estimated for Russian big cats (Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica Temminck, 1844) and far-eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis (Schiegel, 1857))) in Southern Primorie, Russia (n = 25), in 2008–2016. Serum samples from smaller cats (Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)) and far-eastern wildcat (leopard cat) (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus (Elliot, 1871))) were also tested for these pathogens (n = 19) during the same period. Felids of Russian Southern Primorie showed seroprevalence to eight out of nine tested pathogens, including highly dangerous feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and canine distemper virus. Antibodies to feline panleukopenia virus were found to be much more widespread in cats (45%) than antibodies to any other virus. They were detected in samples taken from tigers, leopards, and far-eastern wildcats but not lynxes. Antibodies to pseudorabies virus were detected only in Amur tiger (29%), whose main prey is the most common carrier of the virus (wild boar), unlike for the other studied cats’ species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.V. Naidenko
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Behavior and Behavioral Ecology, Lenisky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - J.A. Hernandez-Blanco
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Behavior and Behavioral Ecology, Lenisky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - E.V. Pavlova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Behavior and Behavioral Ecology, Lenisky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - M.N. Erofeeva
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Behavior and Behavioral Ecology, Lenisky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - P.A. Sorokin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Behavior and Behavioral Ecology, Lenisky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - M.N. Litvinov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia
| | - A.K. Kotlyar
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia
| | - N.S. Sulikhan
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia
- National Park “Land of the Leopard”, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 127, Vladivostok, 690068 Russia
| | - V.V. Rozhnov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Behavior and Behavioral Ecology, Lenisky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Filoni C, Helfer-Hungerbuehler AK, Catão-Dias JL, Marques MC, Torres LN, Reinacher M, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Putative progressive and abortive feline leukemia virus infection outcomes in captive jaguarundis (Puma yagouaroundi). Virol J 2017; 14:226. [PMID: 29149857 PMCID: PMC5693524 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an exogenous gammaretrovirus of domestic cats (Felis catus) and some wild felids. The outcomes of FeLV infection in domestic cats vary according to host susceptibility, virus strain, and infectious challenge dose. Jaguarundis (Puma yagouaroundi) are small wild felids from South and Central America. We previously reported on FeLV infections in jaguarundis. We hypothesized here that the outcomes of FeLV infection in P. yagouaroundi mimic those observed in domestic cats. The aim of this study was to investigate the population of jaguarundis at Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo for natural FeLV infection and resulting outcomes. METHODS We investigated the jaguarundis using serological and molecular methods and monitored them for FeLV-related diseases for 5 years. We retrieved relevant biological and clinical information for the entire population of 23 jaguarundis held at zoo. Post-mortem findings from necropsies were recorded and histopathological and immunohistopathological analyses were performed. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed for FeLV-positive samples. For sample prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Fisher's exact test was used to compare frequencies between infected and uninfected animals. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS In total, we detected evidence of FeLV exposure in four out of 23 animals (17%; 95% CI 5-39%). No endogenous FeLV (enFeLV) sequences were detected. An intestinal B-cell lymphoma in one jaguarundi was not associated with FeLV. Two jaguarundis presented FeLV test results consistent with an abortive FeLV infection with seroconversion, and two other jaguarundis had results consistent with a progressive infection and potentially FeLV-associated clinical disorders and post-mortem changes. Phylogenetic analysis of env revealed the presence of FeLV-A, a common origin of the virus in both animals (100% identity) and the closest similarity to FeLV-FAIDS and FeLV-3281 (98.4% identity), originally isolated from cats in the USA. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of progressive and abortive FeLV infection outcomes in jaguarundis, and domestic cats were probably the source of infection in these jaguarundis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Filoni
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, Rua Professor Doutor Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin SN, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - A Katrin Helfer-Hungerbuehler
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Marques
- Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo (FPZSP), Av. Miguel Stéfano 4241, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04301-905, Brazil
| | - Luciana Neves Torres
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Veterinary Hospital (HOVET), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manfred Reinacher
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 96, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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MOLECULAR DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS PATHOGENS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN CAPTIVE NONDOMESTIC FELIDS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:529-531. [PMID: 28749292 DOI: 10.1638/2015-0290r2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract disease is a complex infectious disease process with multiple pathogens involved. Identification of infectious agents in wild animals is of great importance for wildlife conservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular detection of feline herpesvirus type 1, feline calicivirus (FCV), Bordetella bronchiseptica , Chlamydophila felis , and Mycoplasma felis using ocular and nasal swabs in three species of captive nondomestic felids. Mycoplasma felis was detected in two ocular samples of Puma concolor and in one nasal sample of one Panthera onca . FCV was detected in association with M. felis in one P. concolor . The other pathogens tested were not detected. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of M. felis in nondomestic felids from Brazil.
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19
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Furtado MM, Taniwaki SA, de Barros IN, Brandão PE, Catão-Dias JL, Cavalcanti S, Cullen L, Filoni C, Jácomo ATDA, Jorge RSP, Silva NDS, Silveira L, Ferreira Neto JS. Molecular detection of viral agents in free-ranging and captive neotropical felids in Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:660-668. [PMID: 28677421 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717720245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe molecular testing for felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), alphacoronavirus 1 (feline coronavirus [FCoV]), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) in whole blood samples of 109 free-ranging and 68 captive neotropical felids from Brazil. Samples from 2 jaguars ( Panthera onca) and 1 oncilla ( Leopardus tigrinus) were positive for FHV-1; 2 jaguars, 1 puma ( Puma concolor), and 1 jaguarundi ( Herpairulus yagouaroundi) tested positive for CPPV-1; and 1 puma was positive for FIV. Based on comparison of 103 nucleotides of the UL24-UL25 gene, the FHV-1 sequences were 99-100% similar to the FHV-1 strain of domestic cats. Nucleotide sequences of CPPV-1 were closely related to sequences detected in other wild carnivores, comparing 294 nucleotides of the VP1 gene. The FIV nucleotide sequence detected in the free-ranging puma, based on comparison of 444 nucleotides of the pol gene, grouped with other lentiviruses described in pumas, and had 82.4% identity with a free-ranging puma from Yellowstone Park and 79.5% with a captive puma from Brazil. Our data document the circulation of FHV-1, CPPV-1, and FIV in neotropical felids in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Furtado
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Sueli A Taniwaki
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Iracema N de Barros
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Paulo E Brandão
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - José L Catão-Dias
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Sandra Cavalcanti
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Laury Cullen
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Claudia Filoni
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Anah T de Almeida Jácomo
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Rodrigo S P Jorge
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Nairléia Dos Santos Silva
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - Leandro Silveira
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
| | - José S Ferreira Neto
- Departments of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (Furtado, Taniwaki, Barros, Brandão, Silva, Ferreira Neto), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Pathology (Catão-Dias), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.,Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros-GO, Brazil (Furtado, Jácomo, Silveira).,Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores/Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia-SP, Brazil (Cavalcanti, Jorge).,Institute for Ecological Research/Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil (Cullen).,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu-SP, Brazil (Filoni).,Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine/Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação (TRÍADE), Recife, PE, Brazil (Jorge).,Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation/ICMBio, Brasília-DF, Brazil (Jorge)
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20
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Occurrence and molecular characterization of hemoplasmas in domestic dogs and wild mammals in a Brazilian wetland. Acta Trop 2017; 171:172-181. [PMID: 28366511 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemotropic mycoplasmas are known to cause anemia in several mammalian species. The present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of Mycoplasma spp. in wild mammals, domestic dogs and their respective ectoparasites, in southern Pantanal region, central-western Brazil. Between August 2013 and March 2015, 31 Nasua nasua, 78 Cerdocyon thous, seven Leopardus pardalis, 42 dogs, 110 wild rodents, and 30 marsupials were trapped and ectoparasites (ticks and fleas) found parasitizing the animals were collected. Mammals and ectoparasites DNA samples were submitted to conventional PCR assays for Mycoplasma spp. targeting 16S rRNA and RnaseP genes. Twenty-four N. nasua, three C. thous, two domestic dogs, one L. pardalis and one wild rodent were positive for 16S rRNA PCR protocols. Fourteen N. nasua samples were also positive in RnaseP PCR. No marsupial or arthropod showed positivity for Mycoplasma spp. The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene showed that all sequences obtained from dogs, two sequences obtained from C. thous and ten sequences obtained from N. nasua showed to be closely related to Mycoplasma haemocanis/Mycoplasma haemofelis species. Genotypes closely related to 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and Mycoplasma haemomuris were detected in the L. pardalis and in the wild rodent, respectively. Probably a novel Mycoplasma genotype, closely related to a sequence obtained from a Brazilian capybara was detected in 14 N. nasua, based on a concatenated phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and RnaseP genes. The present study revealed that wild animals in southern Pantanal region, Brazil, are exposed to different species of hemoplasmas.
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21
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Fiorello CV, Straub MH, Schwartz LM, Liu J, Campbell A, Kownacki AK, Foley JE. Multiple-host pathogens in domestic hunting dogs in Nicaragua's Bosawás Biosphere Reserve. Acta Trop 2017; 167:183-190. [PMID: 28012903 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicaragua's Bosawás Biosphere Reserve is a vast forested area inhabited largely by indigenous Mayangna and Miskitu people. Most Bosawás residents rely on subsistence hunting and swidden agriculture, and hunting dogs are important for finding and securing wild game. We investigated the health of hunting dogs in three communities differing in location, size, and economy. Dogs in all communities were nutritionally compromised and experienced a heavy burden of disease. Seroprevalence of canine distemper, canine parvovirus, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Leptospira spp. exceeded 50% of dogs. At least one dog was actively shedding leptospires in urine, and many dogs were anemic and/or dehydrated. These dogs interact with wildlife in the forest and humans and domestic livestock in the communities, and may therefore serve as sources of zoonotic and wildlife diseases. Bosawás represents one of the largest intact tracts of habitat for jaguars (Panthera onca) in Central America, and given that these communities are located within the forest, jaguars may be at risk from disease spillover from hunting dogs. Dog owners reported that four of 49 dogs had been attacked and killed by jaguars in the past year, and that retaliatory killing of jaguars was sometimes practiced. Disease spillover from dogs to wildlife could occur both in the course of dogs' hunting activities as well as during jaguar attacks. A better understanding of dog depredation by jaguars, pathogen exposure in jaguars, and a management strategy for the hunting dog population, are urgently needed to mitigate these dual threats to jaguars, improve the lives of hunting dogs, and safeguard the health of their owners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura M Schwartz
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, One Shields Avenue, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - James Liu
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, One Shields Avenue, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amanda Campbell
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, One Shields Avenue, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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22
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Furtado MM, Metzger B, de Almeida Jácomo AT, Labruna MB, Martins TF, O'Dwyer LH, Paduan KDS, Porfírio GEO, Silveira L, Sollmann R, Taniwaki SA, Tôrres NM, Neto JSF. Hepatozoon SPP. Infect Free-Ranging Jaguars (Panthera onca) in Brazil. J Parasitol 2017; 103:243-250. [PMID: 28207298 DOI: 10.1645/16-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the presence of Hepatozoon spp. in jaguars ( Panthera onca ) and domestic animals in the Cerrado, Amazon, and Pantanal biomes of Brazil. Between February 2000 and January 2010, blood samples were collected from 30 jaguars, 129 domestic dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris), and 22 domestic cats ( Felis catus ) for molecular tests. All of the jaguars from the Pantanal (n = 22) and Cerrado (n = 4) and 3 of 4 jaguars from the Amazon were positive for Hepatozoon spp. Domestic dogs (62.8%) and cats (31.8%) were also positive for the agent. Hepatozoon nucleotide sequences from jaguars and domestic cats grouped with other Hepatozoon felis, whereas Hepatozoon from domestic dogs showed high similarity to Hepatozoon canis. Different species of Amblyomma were identified as parasitizing the jaguars and may act as vectors for Hepatozoon spp. Jaguars from the 3 sites were healthy and did not seem to be threatened by the hemoparasite within its population or environments. Most likely, jaguars play an important role in the maintenance of Hepatozoon spp. in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Malzoni Furtado
- * Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Caixa Postal 193, 75830-000, Mineiros-GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grasiela E O Porfírio
- * Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Caixa Postal 193, 75830-000, Mineiros-GO, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silveira
- * Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Caixa Postal 193, 75830-000, Mineiros-GO, Brazil
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- * Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Caixa Postal 193, 75830-000, Mineiros-GO, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Mundim Tôrres
- * Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Caixa Postal 193, 75830-000, Mineiros-GO, Brazil
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23
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Widmer CE, Perilli MLL, Matushima ER, Azevedo FCC. Live-trapping Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis): traps, baits, injuries, immobilization and costs. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2015-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The capture of wild animals can provide important information on community structure, population dynamics, home range size, activity patterns, habitat use, denning, social behavior and health status. The objective of this study was to describe the method of capture with details on baits, injuries, non-target captures, anesthesia and costs, to evaluate its success as part of a health evaluation program of ocelots in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest Reserve. From a total of 1,011 trap-night effort in 86 days, we had 68 capture events composed of ocelots (22%, n=15) and non-target species (78%, n = 53). We captured 10 individual ocelots in 15 capture events, corresponding to 5.7 days to capture one ocelot. Capture efficiency was 14.8 ocelots/1,000 trap-nights effort. We suggest capture methods should be selected and implemented based on the following criteria: (i) high capture efficiency; (ii) high selectivity; (iii) low injury rate; (iv) high immobilization suitability; and (v) low costs, in order to enable comparisons of studies from different research groups and from different study areas, allowing a deliberate choice of the best method.
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24
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Gilbertson MLJ, Carver S, VandeWoude S, Crooks KR, Lappin MR, Craft ME. Is pathogen exposure spatially autocorrelated? Patterns of pathogens in puma (Puma concolor) and bobcat (Lynx rufus). Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie L. J. Gilbertson
- Department of Veterinary Population MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Kevin R. Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Michael R. Lappin
- Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Meggan E. Craft
- Department of Veterinary Population MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
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25
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Fontalvo MC, Braga IA, Aguiar DM, Horta MC. SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF EXPOSURE TO Ehrlichia canis IN CATS. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v17i333845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of the present study was to estimate the occurrence of Ehrlichia canis in cats from the semiarid region of Northeast of Brazil. Sera of 101 healthy cats were submitted by Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), and considered positive when antibody titers ≥ 40 were obtained. Seroprevalence of 35.6% (36/101) was found, with the following titers: 40 (15 animals); 160 (6); 320 (1); 640 (3), and 2,560 (11). No statistical differences were observed when comparing county of origin, gender, age, breed, and modus vivendi (pet and stray cats), and no ticks were observed in any of the cats. This study revealed exposure to E. canis in cats of the Semiarid Northeast of Brazil.
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26
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Furtado MM, Hayashi EMK, Allendorf SD, Coelho CJ, de Almeida Jácomo AT, Megid J, Ramos Filho JD, Silveira L, Tôrres NM, Ferreira Neto JS. Exposure of Free-Ranging Wild Carnivores and Domestic Dogs to Canine Distemper Virus and Parvovirus in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. ECOHEALTH 2016; 13:549-557. [PMID: 27469023 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Human population growth around protected areas increases the contact between wild and domestic animals, promoting disease transmission between them. This study investigates the exposure of free-ranging wild carnivores and domestic dogs to canine distemper virus (CDV) and parvovirus in Emas National Park (ENP) in the Cerrado savanna of central Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 169 wild carnivores, including the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), puma (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), pampas cat (Leopardus colocolo), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), striped hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus semistriatus) and coati (Nasua nasua), and from 35 domestic dogs living on rural properties bordering ENP. Serological tests showed that 10.6% of wild carnivores (maned wolves, crab-eating foxes and ocelots) and 71.4% of domestic dogs were exposed to CDV, and 56.8% of wild carnivores, including all species sampled except coatis, and 57.1% of domestic dogs were exposed to parvovirus. This report is the first to indicate that the free-ranging pampas cat, jaguarundi and striped hog-nosed skunk are exposed to parvovirus. CDV and parvovirus deserve attention in ENP, and it is extremely important to monitor the health of carnivore populations and perform molecular diagnosis of the viruses to determine the possible involvement of the domestic dog in their transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Malzoni Furtado
- Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros, GO, Brazil.
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - Erika Midori Kida Hayashi
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Susan Dora Allendorf
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jane Megid
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Silveira
- Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros, GO, Brazil
| | - Natália Mundim Tôrres
- Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros, GO, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - José Soares Ferreira Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
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27
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Lane EP, Brettschneider H, Caldwell P, Oosthuizen A, Dalton DL, du Plessis L, Steyl J, Kotze A. Feline panleukopaenia virus in captive non-domestic felids in South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 83:a1099. [PMID: 27380652 PMCID: PMC6238724 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of feline panleukopaenia virus (FPLV) infection was diagnosed by pathology, electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in vaccinated captive-bred subadult cheetahs in South Africa. Subsequent to this disease outbreak, 12 cases of FPLV diagnosed on histology were confirmed by PCR in captive African black-footed cat, caracal, cheetah, lion, ocelot and serval. Phylogenetic analyses of the viral capsid protein gene on PCR-positive samples, vaccine and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) reference strains identified a previously unknown strain of FPLV, present since at least 2006, that differs from both the inactivated and the modified live vaccine strains. A previously described South African strain from domestic cats and cheetahs was identified in a serval. Surveys of FPLV strains in South African felids are needed to determine the geographical and host species distribution of this virus. Since non-domestic species may be reservoirs of parvoviruses, and since these viruses readily change host specificity, the risks of FPLV transmission between captive-bred and free-ranging carnivores and domestic cats and dogs warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Lane
- Department of Research and Scientific Services, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa.
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28
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Li Y, Van Cleemput J, Qiu Y, Reddy VRAP, Mateusen B, Nauwynck HJ. Ex vivo modeling of feline herpesvirus replication in ocular and respiratory mucosae, the primary targets of infection. Virus Res 2015; 210:227-31. [PMID: 26277778 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Feline herpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) is a major cause of rhinotracheitis and ocular diseases in cats. In the present study, the viral replication at the primary infection sites was studied using feline respiratory and ocular mucosa explants. The explants of three cats were maintained in an air-liquid culture up to 96 hours without loss of viability. After inoculation with FeHV-1 (C27), no evidence of infection was noted in corneal epithelium, while plaque-wise replication was observed in conjunctival and tracheal mucosae beginning from 24 h post inoculation (hpi). The viral plaque diameters increased over time in trachea and conjunctiva and were larger in tracheal explants than in conjunctival explants at 48 hpi. FeHV-1 penetrated the basement membrane in conjunctival and tracheal explants between 24 and 48 hpi. At 48 and 72 hpi, viral invasion was going deeper in tracheal explants than in conjunctival explants. Our study indicates that FeHV-1 has a better capacity to invade the respiratory mucosa than the conjunctival mucosa, and prefers the conjunctiva, but not the cornea as a portal of entry during ocular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Li
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jolien Van Cleemput
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Vishwanatha R A P Reddy
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Mateusen
- Dierenartsencentrum Vaccavet, Gravin Madeleine d'Alcantaralaan 41, 9971 Lembeke, Belgium
| | - Hans J Nauwynck
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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29
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Braga MDSCDO, Diniz PPVDP, André MR, de Bortoli CP, Machado RZ. Molecular characterisation of Bartonella species in cats from São Luís, state of Maranhão, north-eastern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:772-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Nicholson KL, Noon TH, Krausman PR. Serosurvey of mountain lions in southern Arizona. WILDLIFE SOC B 2012; 36:615-620. [PMID: 32327861 PMCID: PMC7169829 DOI: 10.1002/wsb.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the prevalence of diseases in free-ranging populations of felids is limited, and there is even less known about the overall health and diseases of wild felids that inhabit or utilize urban areas. We collected serum samples from 9 radiocollared mountain lions (Puma concolor) in the mountains surrounding Tucson, Arizona, USA, from August 2005 to August 2008. We tested serum samples for evidence of exposure to 10 feline viruses: Feline Calicivirus (FCV), Feline Herpesvirus, Feline Enteric Coronavirus, Feline Syncytial Virus-Feline Foamy Virus, Feline Infectious Peritonitis, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPLV), Feline Leukemia Virus, Canine Distemper Virus (CDV), and Toxoplasma gondii. The highest prevalences of exposure were: T. gondii (8/9), FPLV (7/9), and FCV (6/9). One male was seropositive for CDV, T. gondii, and FPLV. Mountain lions inhabiting smaller fragmented landscapes and urban areas have more contact with other felids and domesticated animals. Frequent contact among mountain lions, other felids, and domesticated animals can lead to higher risk of exposure and facilitate the spread of the disease from animal to animal. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Nicholson
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Present address: Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 441136, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Ted H Noon
- Retired, Arizona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 2831N Freeway, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA.,Present address: Animal Services Division, Office of the State Veterinarian, Arizona Department of Agriculture, 1688W Adams, Phoenix, AZ 85007, USA
| | - Paul R Krausman
- Boone and Crockett Program in Wildlife Conservation, Wildlife Biology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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André MR, Dumler JS, Scorpio DG, Teixeira RHF, Allegretti SM, Machado RZ. Molecular detection of tick-borne bacterial agents in Brazilian and exotic captive carnivores. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2012; 3:247-53. [PMID: 22749737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to detect and characterize by molecular techniques, the presence of tick-borne pathogens in wild captive carnivore blood samples from Brazil. Blood was collected from 76 Brazilian felids, 23 exotic felids, 3 European wolves (Canis lupus), and 97 Brazilian canids maintained in captivity in zoos located in São Paulo and Mato Grosso states, Brazil. DNA of each sample was used in PCR reactions for Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Rickettsia identification. The blood from 10/100 (10%) of canids (1 European wolf, 3 bush dogs, and 6 crab-eating foxes) and from 21/99 (21%) felids (4 pumas, 6 little spotted cats, 4 ocelots, 3 jaguarundis, 1 tiger, and 3 lions) contained fragments of 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia spp. Fragments of Anaplasma spp. groESL and 16S rRNA genes were detected in the blood of 1/100 (1%) canids (1 bush dog) and in 4/99 (3%) felids (4 little spotted cats), respectively. Rickettsia species infections were not identified. The present work showed that new strains of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp. circulate among wild carnivores in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R André
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Henzel A, Brum MCS, Lautert C, Martins M, Lovato LT, Weiblen R. Isolation and identification of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus in Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:560-8. [PMID: 24031864 PMCID: PMC3768834 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) are the two primary causes of upper respiratory tract disease in cats. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the distribution of FCV and FHV-1 among the feline population of several counties in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. To this end, conjunctival and nasal swabs were collected from 302 cats from different locations, including households, breeding catteries, veterinary clinics, animal hospitals and experimental research facilities. The samples were collected between July 2006 to June 2009. The virus isolation was performed in CRFK cells and, subsequently, the identification was confirmed by PCR. FCV, FHV-1, or both were isolated from 55 cats from 28 different locations. FCV alone was isolated from 52.7% (29/55) of the animals that tested positively, FHV-1 alone was isolated from 38.2% (21/55) of the animals that tested positively, and co-infection were detected in 9.1% (5/55) of the animals that tested positively. Virus detection was more prevalent in cats that were less than 1 year old, among animals that shared a living space with other cats, and females. FCV and FHV-1 were isolated from vaccinated cats. In addition, both viruses were isolated from cats that showed no signs of disease. The results suggest that a carrier state is common for both viruses in the evaluated population. A search for other causes of respiratory disease in that population is necessary; and further studies relating to the molecular characterization of viruses and vaccine efficacy are also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Henzel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, RS , Brasil ; Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, RS , Brasil
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Feline immunodeficiency virus in South America. Viruses 2012; 4:383-396. [PMID: 22590677 PMCID: PMC3347033 DOI: 10.3390/v4030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of AIDS in humans during the period between 1980 and 2000 has led to extensive efforts to understand more fully similar etiologic agents of chronic and progressive acquired immunodeficiency disease in several mammalian species. Lentiviruses that have gene sequence homology with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been found in different species (including sheep, goats, horses, cattle, cats, and several Old World monkey species). Lentiviruses, comprising a genus of the Retroviridae family, cause persistent infection that can lead to varying degrees of morbidity and mortality depending on the virus and the host species involved. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes an immune system disease in domestic cats (Felis catus) involving depletion of the CD4+ population of T lymphocytes, increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections, and sometimes death. Viruses related to domestic cat FIV occur also in a variety of nondomestic felids. This is a brief overview of the current state of knowledge of this large and ancient group of viruses (FIVs) in South America.
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Braga MDSCDO, André MR, Freschi CR, Teixeira MCA, Machado RZ. Molecular and serological detection of Ehrlichia spp. in cats on São Luís Island, Maranhão, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2012; 21:37-41. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne disease that affects both humans and animals. The few existing reports on ehrlichiosis in Brazilian cats have been based on observation of morulae in leukocytes and, more recently, on molecular detection of Ehrlichia sp. In this study, we assessed occurrences of Ehrlichia sp. in the blood of 200 domestic cats in São Luís, Maranhão. Of the 200 animals tested, 11 (5.5%) were seropositive for Ehrlichia sp. and two (1%) were positive for Ehrlichia sp. in PCR. We also performed DNA sequence alignment to establish the identity of the parasite species infecting these animals, using the gene 16S rRNA. One cat presented infection with Ehrlichia sp. with 98% identity with E. canis, and another cat infected with Ehrlichia sp. showed 97% identity with E. chaffeensis. This is the first study on molecular detection of Ehrlichia sp. among domestic cats in São Luís, Maranhão.
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Henzel A, Sá e Silva M, Luo S, Lovato L, Weiblen R. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of capsid protein gene in feline calicivirus isolates from Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Virus Res 2012; 163:667-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889) is a small felid—not much larger than a domestic house cat—commonly called the Pantanal cat. No comprehensive surveys have been conducted to determine how many L. braccatus exist in the wild. It is found in humid, warm grasslands and wooded areas of extreme northwestern Argentina, southwestern and south- and north-central (newly reported ranges) Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Habitat loss and degradation are considered major threats throughout most of its range. It is uncommon in captivity and museum collections, listed with all Felidae under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and considered “Near Threatened” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in the pampas cat group ( = L. colocolo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L. Barstow
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Oklahoma Ecological Services Field Office, 9014 East 21st Street, Tulsa, OK 74129, USA; (ALB)
| | - David M. Leslie
- United States Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3051, USA; (DML)
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Vieira RFDC, Biondo AW, Guimarães AMS, Dos Santos AP, Dos Santos RP, Dutra LH, Diniz PPVDP, de Morais HA, Messick JB, Labruna MB, Vidotto O. Ehrlichiosis in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 20:1-12. [PMID: 21439224 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612011000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by rickettsial organisms belonging to the genus Ehrlichia. In Brazil, molecular and serological studies have evaluated the occurrence of Ehrlichia species in dogs, cats, wild animals and humans. Ehrlichia canis is the main species found in dogs in Brazil, although E. ewingii infection has been recently suspected in five dogs. Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA has been detected and characterized in mash deer, whereas E. muris and E. ruminantium have not yet been identified in Brazil. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by E. canis appears to be highly endemic in several regions of Brazil, however prevalence data are not available for several regions. Ehrlichia canis DNA also has been detected and molecularly characterized in three domestic cats, and antibodies against E. canis were detected in free-ranging Neotropical felids. There is serological evidence suggesting the occurrence of human ehrlichiosis in Brazil but its etiologic agent has not yet been established. Improved molecular diagnostic resources for laboratory testing will allow better identification and characterization of ehrlichial organisms associated with human ehrlichiosis in Brazil.
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Filoni C, Catão-Dias JL, Cattori V, Willi B, Meli ML, Corrêa SHR, Marques MC, Adania CH, Silva JCR, Marvulo MFV, Neto JSF, Durigon EL, de Carvalho VM, Coutinho SD, Lutz H, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Surveillance using serological and molecular methods for the detection of infectious agents in captive Brazilian neotropic and exotic felids. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 24:166-73. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711407684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the exposure of captive wild felids to various infectious pathogens using serological and molecular methods. One hundred and fifty-nine neotropic felids and 51 exotic felids from 28 captive settings in Brazil were tested. While antibodies against Feline parvovirus and Feline coronavirus (FCoV), Feline calicivirus and Bartonella spp. were frequently detected by serologic tests, antibodies against Felid herpesvirus 1 or infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas were less prevalent. Serologic evidence of exposure to Ehrlichia spp., Feline immunodeficiency virus, and Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was detected rarely, and infections with FeLV, Ehrlichia spp., and Cytauxzoon spp. were found infrequently. The detected Bartonella sequence was molecularly similar to B. koehlerae and B. henselae; for Cytauxzoon, the sequence resembled those from domestic cats. No Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. infections were detected. The positive test results varied significantly among different facilities and species. Additionally, FCoV seropositivity was more prevalent in captivity than in free-ranging populations. Results suggest that testing is appropriate prior to relocation of felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Filoni
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Valentino Cattori
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Barbara Willi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Marina L. Meli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Sandra Helena Ramiro Corrêa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Mara Cristina Marques
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Cristina Harumi Adania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Jean Carlos Ramos Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Maria Fernanda Vianna Marvulo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - José Soares Ferreira Neto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Vania Maria de Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Selene Dall’Acqua Coutinho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Hans Lutz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Catão-Dias)
- Brazilian Institute for Conservation Medicine–TRÍADE, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, Silva, Marvulo)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP (Filoni, de Carvalho, Coutinho)
- São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP (Catão-Dias, Corrêa, Marques)
- Mata Ciliar Association, Jundiaí, SP (Adania)
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Blanco K, Peña R, Hernández C, Jiménez M, Araya LN, Romero JJ, Dolz G. Serological detection of viral infections in captive wild cats from costa rica. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:879029. [PMID: 21547230 PMCID: PMC3087557 DOI: 10.4061/2011/879029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum samples from a total of 44 wildcats, 28 margays (Leopardus wiedii), 10 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), four jaguaroundis (Herpailurus yaguaroundi), one oncilla (Leopardus tigrina), and one jaguar (Panthera onca) were obtained between January 2001 and August 2002 from the Profelis Centre for rehabilitation of wild felids, located in the northwestern region of Costa Rica. Forty three samples were tested for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and p27 antigen of feline leukemia virus (FeLV), 42 samples for antibodies against feline parvovirus (FPV), and 30 for antibodies against feline calicivirus (FCV). None of the samples contained detectable antibodies against FIV or p27 antigen of FeLV, all samples contained antibodies against FPV, and one sample contained antibodies against FCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinndle Blanco
- Research Direction, Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Peña
- Cataratas de la Paz Zoo, Monterrey, Alajuela, P.O. Box 502-1000, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carmen Hernández
- Las Pumas Rescue Center, P.O. Box 89-5700, Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Jiménez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Luis Nazario Araya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Juan José Romero
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Gaby Dolz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Staggemeier R, Venker CA, Klein DH, Petry M, Spilki FR, Cantarelli VV. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in cats in the south of Brazil: a molecular study. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:873-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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de Almeida Curi NH, Araújo AS, Campos FS, Lobato ZIP, Gennari SM, Marvulo MFV, Silva JCR, Talamoni SA. Wild canids, domestic dogs and their pathogens in Southeast Brazil: disease threats for canid conservation. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2010; 19:3513-3524. [PMID: 32214695 PMCID: PMC7088301 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-010-9911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Wild canids are under many pressures, including habitat loss, fragmentation and disease. The current lack of information on the status of wildlife health may hamper conservation efforts in Brazil. In this paper, we examined the prevalence of canine pathogens in 21 free-ranging wild canids, comprising 12 Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 7 Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 2 Lycalopex vetulus (hoary fox), and 70 non-vaccinated domestic dogs from the Serra do Cipó National Park area, Southeast Brazil. For wild canids, seroprevalence of antibodies to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus and Toxoplasma gondii was 100 (21/21), 33 (7/21), 5 (1/19) and 68 (13/19) percent, respectively. Antibodies against canine distemper virus, Neospora caninum or Babesia spp. were not found. We tested domestic dogs for antibodies to canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and Babesia spp., and seroprevalences were 59 (41/70), 66 (46/70), and 42 (40/70) percent, respectively, with significantly higher prevalence in domestic dogs for CDV (P < 0.001) and Babesia spp. (P = 0.002), and in wild canids for CPV (P < 0.001). We report for the first time evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus in wild hoary foxes, and Platynossomun sp. infection in wild maned wolves. Maned wolves are more exposed to helminths than crab-eating foxes, with a higher prevalence of Trichuridae and Ancylostomidae in the area. The most common ectoparasites were Amblyomma cajennense, A. tigrinum, and Pulex irritans. Such data is useful information on infectious diseases of Brazilian wild canids, revealing pathogens as a threat to wild canids in the area. Control measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Henrique de Almeida Curi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais—PUC Minas, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- Rua Francisco Eugênio Teixeira, 334, 37200-000 Lavras, MG Brazil
| | - Amanda Soriano Araújo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Fábia Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Zélia Inês Portela Lobato
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Vianna Marvulo
- Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação—Tríade, Estrada do Encanamento, 1752/1201, Casa Forte, 52070-000 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Ramos Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 50171-900 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Sônia Aparecida Talamoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais—PUC Minas, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
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42
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López G, López-Parra M, Fernández L, Martínez-Granados C, Martínez F, Meli ML, Gil-Sánchez JM, Viqueira N, Díaz-Portero MA, Cadenas R, Lutz H, Vargas A, Simón MA. Management measures to control a feline leukemia virus outbreak in the endangered Iberian lynx. Anim Conserv 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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de Oliveira LS, Mourão LC, Oliveira KA, da Matta Agostini M, de Oliveira AC, de Almeida MR, Fietto JLR, Conceição LG, Filho JDR, Galvão MAM, Mafra C. Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis in cats in Brazil. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15 Suppl 2:53-4. [PMID: 19374643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L S de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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44
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Parvovirus infection in a Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and in a European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris). J Comp Pathol 2009; 140:203-7. [PMID: 19135211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A Eurasian lynx and a European wildcat from the same wildlife park were submitted for necropsy examination after sudden death and after death following a clinical history of lethargy, respectively. Neither animal had been vaccinated against feline parvovirus (feline panleukopenia virus). Feral domestic cats were widespread in the area of the wildlife park and a number of these animals that had been captured had recently died from parvovirus infection. Gross and microscopical findings in the two non-domestic felids were consistent with feline parvovirus infection and this was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. The introduction of feline parvovirus into captive non-domestic felid populations could pose a threat to their health and survival. Vaccination of captive non-domestic felids is therefore recommended.
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45
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Nava AFD, Cullen L, Sana DA, Nardi MS, Filho JDR, Lima TF, Abreu KC, Ferreira F. First evidence of canine distemper in Brazilian free-ranging felids. ECOHEALTH 2008; 5:513-8. [PMID: 19259737 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-008-0207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Serum samples from 19 jaguars (Panthera onca), nine pumas (Puma concolor), and two ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) were collected between January 1999 and March of 2005 and tested for presence of canine distemper virus (CDV). All cats were free-ranging animals living in two protected areas in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In addition, 111 domestic dogs from nearby areas were sampled for CDV. Our results show the first evidence of CDV exposure in Brazilian free-ranging felids. From the 30 samples analyzed, six jaguars and one puma were tested seropositive for CDV. All seropositive large felids were from Ivinhema State Park, resulting in 31.5% of the sampled jaguars or 60% of the total jaguar population in Ivinhema State Park, and 11.28% of the sampled pumas. From the total 111 domestic dogs sampled, 45 were tested seropositive for CDV. At Morro do Diabo State Park, 34.6% of the dogs sampled were positive for CDV, and 100% at Ivinhema State Park. Canine distemper virus in wild felids seems to be related with home range use and in close association with domestic dogs living in nearby areas.
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46
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Ocelots on Barro Colorado Island are infected with feline immunodeficiency virus but not other common feline and canine viruses. J Wildl Dis 2008; 44:760-5. [PMID: 18689668 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of pathogens from domestic animals to wildlife populations (spill-over) has precipitated local wildlife extinctions in multiple geographic locations. Identifying such events before they cause population declines requires differentiating spillover from endemic disease, a challenge complicated by a lack of baseline data from wildlife populations that are isolated from domestic animals. We tested sera collected from 12 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) native to Barro Colorado Island, Panama, which is free of domestic animals, for antibodies to feline herpes virus, feline calicivirus, feline corona virus, feline panleukopenia virus, canine distemper virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), typically a species-specific infection. Samples also were tested for feline leukemia virus antigens. Positive tests results were only observed for FIV; 50% of the ocelots were positive. We hypothesize that isolation of this population has prevented introduction of pathogens typically attributed to contact with domestic animals. The high density of ocelots on Barro Colorado Island may contribute to a high prevalence of FIV infection, as would be expected with increased contact rates among conspecifics in a geographically restricted population.
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47
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Stich RW, Schaefer JJ, Bremer WG, Needham GR, Jittapalapong S. Host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, Ehrlichia canis. Vet Parasitol 2008; 158:256-73. [PMID: 18963493 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ehrlichioses have been subject to increasing interest from veterinary and public health perspectives, but experimental studies of these diseases and their etiologic agents can be challenging. Ehrlichia canis, the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is relatively well characterized and offers unique advantages and opportunities to study interactions between a monocytotropic pathogen and both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Historically, advances in tick-borne disease control strategies have typically followed explication of tick-pathogen-vertebrate interactions, thus it is reasonable to expect novel, more sustainable approaches to control of these diseases as the transmission of their associated infections are investigated at the molecular through ecological levels. Better understanding of the interactions between E. canis and its canine and tick hosts would also elucidate similar interactions for other Ehrlichia species as well as the potential roles of canine sentinels, reservoirs and models of tick-borne zoonoses. This article summarizes natural exposure studies and experimental investigations of E. canis in the context of what is understood about biological vectors of tick-borne Anaplasmataceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Stich
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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48
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Millán J, Candela MG, Palomares F, Cubero MJ, Rodríguez A, Barral M, de la Fuente J, Almería S, León-Vizcaíno L. Disease threats to the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Vet J 2008; 182:114-24. [PMID: 18555712 PMCID: PMC7129241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Iberian lynx, (Lynx pardinus), is the most endangered felid in the world. To determine whether sympatric carnivores are reservoirs of pathogens posing a disease risk for the lynx, evidence of exposure to 17 viral, bacterial and protozoan agents was investigated in 176 carnivores comprising 26 free-living lynx, 53 domestic cats, 28 dogs, 33 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 24 Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon), 10 common genets (Genetta genetta) and 2 Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in the areas inhabited by the last two populations of Iberian lynx, both in Andalusia (South-Western Spain). The results indicated that the lynx had low rates of contact with viral pathogens, with one seropositive finding each for feline leukemia virus, parvovirus and canine adenovirus-1, whereas contact with bacteria and protozoa appeared more frequent. Active infections with parvovirus, Ehrlichia spp., Mycobacterium bovis, Leptospira interrogans and Cytauxzoon spp. were confirmed. In contrast, 53% of the domestic cats were exposed to some infectious agent (prevalence range 4.5–11.4%). Antibodies to canine distemper virus and parvovirus were frequently found in dogs (32% and 42%, respectively) and foxes (30% and 12%). Past or present infections with parvovirus, Ehrlichia spp., Chlamydophila spp., M. bovis, Salmonella enterica, L. interrogans, Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum were also detected in these and other species surveyed. Questionnaires to owners revealed that 14% of the dogs but none of the cats had been vaccinated, and no cat had been neutered. Based on the apparent absence of acquired immunity of the lynx against infectious agents, the frequent detection of agents among sympatric carnivores, and the reported lack of immunocompetence of the Iberian lynx, a disease outbreak among the local abundant carnivores may pose a serious disease risk for lynx conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Millán
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.
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49
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Lamas C, Curi A, Bóia MN, Lemos ERS. Human bartonellosis: seroepidemiological and clinical features with an emphasis on data from Brazil - A review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:221-35. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Lamas
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses; Fiocruz, Brasil
| | | | | | - ERS Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses
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50
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Willi B, Filoni C, Catão-Dias JL, Cattori V, Meli ML, Vargas A, Martínez F, Roelke ME, Ryser-Degiorgis MP, Leutenegger CM, Lutz H, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Worldwide occurrence of feline hemoplasma infections in wild felid species. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1159-66. [PMID: 17301277 PMCID: PMC1865832 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02005-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While hemoplasma infections in domestic cats are well studied, almost no information is available on their occurrence in wild felids. The aims of the present study were to investigate wild felid species as possible reservoirs of feline hemoplasmas and the molecular characterization of the hemoplasma isolates. Blood samples from the following 257 wild felids were analyzed: 35 Iberian lynxes from Spain, 36 Eurasian lynxes from Switzerland, 31 European wildcats from France, 45 lions from Tanzania, and 110 Brazilian wild felids, including 12 wild felid species kept in zoos and one free-ranging ocelot. Using real-time PCR, feline hemoplasmas were detected in samples of the following species: Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx, European wildcat, lion, puma, oncilla, Geoffroy's cat, margay, and ocelot. "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" was the most common feline hemoplasma in Iberian lynxes, Eurasian lynxes, Serengeti lions, and Brazilian wild felids, whereas "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" was the most prevalent in European wildcats; hemoplasma coinfections were frequently observed. Hemoplasma infection was associated with species and free-ranging status of the felids in all animals and with feline leukemia virus provirus-positive status in European wildcats. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA and the partial RNase P gene revealed that most hemoplasma isolates exhibit high sequence identities to domestic cat-derived isolates, although some isolates form different subclusters within the phylogenetic tree. In conclusion, 9 out of 15 wild felid species from three different continents were found to be infected with feline hemoplasmas. The effect of feline hemoplasma infections on wild felid populations needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Willi
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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