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Di Donato A, Gambi L, Ravaioli V, Perulli S, Cirasella L, Rossini R, Luppi A, Tosi G, Fiorentini L. First Report of Caseous Lymphadenitis by Corynebacterium pseudotubercolosis and Pulmonary Verminosis in a Roe Deer ( Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) in Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:566. [PMID: 38396534 PMCID: PMC10885920 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic debilitating disease typical of small ruminants, but it is also noted in several other domestic and wild species. In this report, we present the first documented case in Italy of pseudotuberculosis in a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, Linnaeus 1758) found dead in the mountains of Forlì-Cesena province, Emilia Romagna region. The carcass underwent necropsy according to standard protocols, revealing generalized lymphadenopathy and severe apostematous pneumonia with multifocal and encapsulated abscesses. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the lung parenchyma, lymph nodes and abscesses. Additionally, severe parasitic bronchopneumonia of the caudal lobes and gastrointestinal strongyle infestation were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of CLA referable to C. pseudotubercolosis in a roe deer in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Donato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 47122 Forlì, Italy; (A.D.D.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (G.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Gambi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 47122 Forlì, Italy; (A.D.D.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (G.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Valentina Ravaioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 47122 Forlì, Italy; (A.D.D.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (G.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Simona Perulli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 47122 Forlì, Italy; (A.D.D.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (G.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Letizia Cirasella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 47122 Forlì, Italy; (A.D.D.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (G.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Rachele Rossini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 47122 Forlì, Italy; (A.D.D.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (G.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 47122 Forlì, Italy; (A.D.D.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (G.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Laura Fiorentini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 47122 Forlì, Italy; (A.D.D.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (G.T.); (L.F.)
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Pan C, Zimmer A, Shah M, Huynh MS, Lai CCL, Sit B, Hooda Y, Curran DM, Moraes TF. Actinobacillus utilizes a binding protein-dependent ABC transporter to acquire the active form of vitamin B 6. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101046. [PMID: 34358566 PMCID: PMC8427247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria require high-efficiency uptake systems to survive and proliferate in nutrient-limiting environments, such as those found in host organisms. ABC transporters in the bacterial plasma membrane provide a mechanism for transport of many substrates. In this study, we examine an operon containing a periplasmic binding protein in Actinobacillus for its potential role in nutrient acquisition. The electron density map of 1.76 Å resolution obtained from the crystal structure of the periplasmic binding protein was best fit with a molecular model containing a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P5P/pyridoxal phosphate/the active form of vitamin B6) ligand within the protein's binding site. The identity of the P5P bound to this periplasmic binding protein was verified by isothermal titration calorimetry, microscale thermophoresis, and mass spectrometry, leading us to name the protein P5PA and the operon P5PAB. To illustrate the functional utility of this uptake system, we introduced the P5PAB operon from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae into an Escherichia coli K-12 strain that was devoid of a key enzyme required for P5P synthesis. The growth of this strain at low levels of P5P supports the functional role of this operon in P5P uptake. This is the first report of a dedicated P5P bacterial uptake system, but through bioinformatics, we discovered homologs mainly within pathogenic representatives of the Pasteurellaceae family, suggesting that this operon exists more widely outside the Actinobacillus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxi Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Zimmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megha Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minh Sang Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brandon Sit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yogesh Hooda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Curran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor F Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Tabatabaei M, Abdollahi AF. Isolation and identification of Mannheimia haemolytica by culture and polymerase chain reaction from sheep's pulmonary samples in Shiraz, Iran. Vet World 2018; 11:636-641. [PMID: 29915502 PMCID: PMC5993753 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.636-641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mannheimia haemolytica is a Gram-negative, non-motile, and non-spore-forming rod-shaped coccobacillus bacterium. On blood agar plate, it shows complete hemolysis. This bacterium constitutes a part of normal flora of the upper respiratory system of ruminants. It is considered as the opportunistic pathogen and the main factor of pneumonic pasteurellosis, which has caused a severe economic loss in sheep and cattle industries. Considering the prevalence of the disease in sheep and goat population in the dry and hot regions of the country in general and in Fars province in particular in the form of pneumonia, the purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the bacterium M. haemolytica from the lung tissues of sheep slaughtered in Shiraz abattoir through culturing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 2500 sheep’s lungs were evaluated for finding pneumonic effects. Then, 161 infected pneumonic samples of lung tissues were investigated by culture and PCR methods. Results: After cultivation, purification, and DNA extraction, 38 samples were found positive for M. haemolytica by cultivation and then all the 38 isolates were confirmed by PCR and multiplex PCR (mPCR). Results of this study indicated that culture and PCR are both practical in identification and isolation of this bacterium though culture is more time-consuming. The utilized mPCR has been more successful in the identification of the bacteria since it requires less time and cost. Conclusion: In this study, PCR as a superior method among other methods of bacteriology for fast examination of infectious diseases and mPCR, which is a valuable tool for identification of M. haemolytica in clinical samples of animals, was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - And Fatemeh Abdollahi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Gluecks IV, Bethe A, Younan M, Ewers C. Molecular study on Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia granulomatis from Kenyan Camels (Camelus dromedarius). BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:265. [PMID: 28830429 PMCID: PMC5567471 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of a Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) like disease causing large mortalities in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Asia and in Africa have been reported since 1890. Yet the aetiology of this condition remains elusive. This study is the first to apply state of the art molecular methods to shed light on the nasopharyngeal carrier state of Pasteurellaceae in camels. The study focused on HS causing Pasteurella multocida capsular types B and E. Other Pasteurellaceae, implicated in common respiratory infections of animals, were also investigated. METHODS In 2007 and 2008, 388 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at 12 locations in North Kenya from 246 clinically healthy camels in 81 herds that had been affected by HS-like disease. Swabs were used to cultivate bacteria on blood agar and to extract DNA for subsequent PCR analysis targeting P. multocida and Mannheimia-specific gene sequences. RESULTS Forty-five samples were positive for P. multocida genes kmt and psl and for the P. multocida Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) specific sequences KTSP61/KTT72 but lacked HS-associated capsular type B and E genes capB and capE. This indicates circulation of HS strains in camels that lack established capsular types. Sequence analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene identified 17 nasal swab isolates as 99% identical with Mannheimia granulomatis, demonstrating a hitherto unrecognised active carrier state for M. granulomatis or a closely related Mannheimia sp. in camels. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide evidence for the presence of acapsular P. multocida or of hitherto unknown capsular types of P. multocida in camels, closely related to P. multocida strains causing HS in bovines. Further isolations and molecular studies of camelid P. multocida from healthy carriers and from HS-like disease in camels are necessary to provide conclusive answers. This paper is the first report on the isolation of M. granulomatis or a closely related new Mannheimia species from camelids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Bethe
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Younan
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Germany, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Britton AP, Redford T, Zabek E, Sojonky KR, Scouras AP, Lewis D, Joseph T. Bronchopneumonia associated with Mannheimia granulomatis infection in a Belgian hare (Lepus europaeus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:566-569. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638717707790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannheimia granulomatis was first isolated from pneumonic European hares in the 1980s and has since been reported sporadically in pneumonic Swedish roe deer and Australian cattle. Although the pneumonic lesions caused by M. haemolytica in livestock have been extensively studied and reported, little is published with regard to the pneumonic lesions associated with M. granulomatis infection in any species. We describe the histopathology of purulent bronchopneumonia associated with M. granulomatis in a Belgian hare ( Lepus europaeus) resident in British Columbia, Canada, and compare the lesions with those caused by M. haemolytica in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P. Britton
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Zabek, Sojonky, Scouras, Lewis, Joseph)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Redford)
| | - Tony Redford
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Zabek, Sojonky, Scouras, Lewis, Joseph)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Redford)
| | - Erin Zabek
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Zabek, Sojonky, Scouras, Lewis, Joseph)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Redford)
| | - Ken R. Sojonky
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Zabek, Sojonky, Scouras, Lewis, Joseph)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Redford)
| | - Andrea P. Scouras
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Zabek, Sojonky, Scouras, Lewis, Joseph)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Redford)
| | - Danielle Lewis
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Zabek, Sojonky, Scouras, Lewis, Joseph)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Redford)
| | - Tomy Joseph
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Zabek, Sojonky, Scouras, Lewis, Joseph)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Redford)
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Affolter VK. Dermatopathology - the link between ancillary techniques and clinical lesions. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:134-e28. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University California Davis; One Shields Avenue, VM3A, Room 4206 Davis CA 95616 USA
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Kawashima Y, Takahashi H, Shimoo M, Tamamura Y, Ishikawa Y, Kadota K. Eosinophilic granuloma with Splendore-Hoeppli material caused by Mannheimia granulomatis in a calf. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1075-8. [PMID: 26947171 PMCID: PMC4937147 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A large subcutaneous mass, formed on the left lower jaw of a 4-month-old Japanese Black male calf, was
partially excised for histological and bacteriological examinations. Antibiotic treatment resulted in a good
prognosis. Bacteria isolated from the excised material were characterized by weak hemolysis and positive
reactions for catalase and oxidase, and were 99% identical to Mannheimia granulomatis
strains. The presence of the leukotoxin gene product was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction
amplification. Histological examination showed that the excised material was composed of dense fibrous
connective tissue with sparsely distributed eosinophilic granulomas or abscesses. These foci frequently
contained Splendore-Hoeppli material with rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria. Except for the absence of
lymphangitis and the presence of basophils and mast cells, the histology of this lesion resembled that of
lechiguana associated with coinfection of M. granulomatis and Dermatobia
hominis. Leukotoxin was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry within Splendore-Hoeppli material and
was judged to be responsible for its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuto Kawashima
- Tokachi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 59-6 Kisen, Kawanishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 089-1182, Japan
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Christensen H, Bojesen AM, Bisgaard M. Mannheimia caviae sp. nov., isolated from epidemic conjunctivitis and otitis media in guinea pigs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1699-1704. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.026518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains T138021-75T, Pg19 and Pg20 (taxon 25 of Bisgaard) were isolated from guinea pigs and characterized. Strains T138021-75T and Pg20 showed identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and were distantly related to the published strain P224 with the highest 16S rRNA similarity of 98.6 %. These two strains showed 97.8 % sequence similarity with the type strain and other strains of Mannheimia glucosida and 97.3 % similarity with the type strain of Mannheimia varigena, but <97 % similarity with all other type strains of the genus Mannheimia, including Mannheimia haemolytica (96.9 %). Phylogenetic analysis of rpoB gene sequences showed that strain P224 had a distant position (89.9 % gene sequence similarity) compared with the three other strains (T138021-75T, Pg20 and Pg19), which had identical gene sequences. These three novel strains also shared identical recN gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the recN gene sequences showed a close relationship between the three novel strains and strain P224. The DNA–DNA reassociation value between strain T138021-75T and P224 was 81.6 % and 40.3 % between strain T138021-75T and the type strain of M. glucosida. Based on the DNA–DNA reassociation data, strain T138021-75T belonged to a separate species that was closely related to strain P224. Strain P224 differed from strains T138021-75T, Pg20 and Pg19 in the following phenotypic characteristics: activity of ornithine carboxylase, hydrolysis of glycosides, and acid formation from maltose, dextrin, melibiose and raffinose, as well as reactions for α-galactosidase and β-xylosidase. Whole genome similarity calculations based on recN gene sequences showed that strains T138021-75T and P224 were related at the species level (0.932), whereas 16S rRNA and partial rpoB gene sequence comparisons showed a more divergent position of strain P224 compared with the novel strains, including a different host of isolation. The results showed that the three strains of taxon 25 represent a novel species for which the name Mannheimia caviae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain, T138021-75T ( = CCUG 59995T = DSM 23207T) was isolated from purulent conjunctivitis in guinea pigs. Previous publications have documented both ubiquinones and demethylmenaquinone to be present in the type strain. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain has been found to be 41.4 mol% (T
m).
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Christensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4 Stigbøjlen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A. M. Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4 Stigbøjlen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M. Bisgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4 Stigbøjlen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Kokotovic B, Angen Ø, Bisgaard M. Genetic diversity of Actinobacillus lignieresii isolates from different hosts. Acta Vet Scand 2011; 53:6. [PMID: 21303512 PMCID: PMC3041693 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-53-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity detected by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) of 54 Actinobacilus lignieresii isolates from different hosts and geographic localities is described. On the basis of variances in AFLP profiles, the strains were grouped in two major clusters; one comprising strains isolated from horses and infected wounds of humans bitten by horses and another consisting of strains isolated from bovine and ovine hosts. The present data indicate a comparatively higher degree of genetic diversity among strains isolated from equine hosts and confirm the existence of a separate genomospecies for A. lignieresi-like isolates from horses. Among the isolates from bovine and ovine hosts some clonal lines appear to be genetically stable over time and could be detected at very distant geographic localities. Although all ovine strains investigated grouped in a single cluster, the existence of distinct genetic lineages that have evolved specificity for ovine hosts is not obvious and needs to be confirmed in other studies.
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Blum S, Freed M, Zukin N, Shwimmer A, Weissblit L, Khatib N, Bojesen AM, Larsen J, Friedman S, Eladé D. Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Caused by Mannheimia Granulomatis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:995-7. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannheimia granulomatis was isolated for 10 months from the milk of a cow with elevated somatic cell counts. The infection was self-limiting. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the isolate were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Blum
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary
Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mor Freed
- the National Service for Udder Health and Milk Quality, Israeli Dairy
Board, Caesarea, Israel, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nona Zukin
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary
Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adin Shwimmer
- the National Service for Udder Health and Milk Quality, Israeli Dairy
Board, Caesarea, Israel, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Limor Weissblit
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary
Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nehaya Khatib
- the National Service for Udder Health and Milk Quality, Israeli Dairy
Board, Caesarea, Israel, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences,
University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Shmuel Friedman
- the National Service for Udder Health and Milk Quality, Israeli Dairy
Board, Caesarea, Israel, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Eladé
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary
Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Villard L, Gauthier D, Maurin F, Borges E, Richard Y, Abadie G, Kodjo A. Serotypes A1 and A2 ofMannheimia haemolyticaare susceptible to genotypic, capsular and phenotypic variations in contrast to T3 and T4 serotypes ofBibersteinia (Pasteurella) trehalosi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 280:42-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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