Effects of swimming before and during pregnancy on placental angiogenesis and perinatal outcome in high-fat diet-fed mice

Targeting Caveolin-1 for enhanced rotator cuff repair: findings from single-cell RNA sequencing

Rotator cuff injury (RCI), a prevalent cause of shoulder pain and disability, often leads to significant functional impairments due to adipocyte infiltration into the damaged tissue. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a critical membrane protein, plays a significant role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the heterogeneity of cell subpopulations in RCI tissues and assess the regulatory effects of Cav-1. The findings revealed that Cav-1 expression negatively correlates with adipogenic activity, and its modulation through exercise or targeted therapies can significantly reduce adipocyte infiltration and enhance tissue repair. Further, Cav-1 knockout and overexpression models demonstrated the protein's impact on key genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism, such as Scd1, fatty acid synthase (FASN), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg). Animal studies corroborated these results, showing that exercise intervention increased Cav-1 expression, decreased adipocyte infiltration, and promoted structural repair. These insights suggest that targeting Cav-1 could offer a novel therapeutic strategy for improving RCI outcomes.

Placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and fetal outcomes in maternal obesity

The obesity epidemic has led to a growing body of research investigating the consequences of maternal obesity on pregnancy and offspring health. The placenta, traditionally viewed as a passive intermediary between mother and fetus, is known to play a critical role in modulating the intrauterine environment and fetal development, and we now know that maternal obesity leads to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered placental function. Here, we review recent research exploring the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress as mechanisms impacting the placenta and fetus during obese pregnancy. Understanding them is crucial for informing strategies that can mitigate the adverse health effects of maternal obesity on offspring development and disease risk.